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HISPANIC 


HISPANIC    SOCIETY 


AMERICAN    SERIES 


OF    AMERICA 


Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive 

in  2007  with  funding  from 

IVIicrosoft  Corporation 


http://www.arehive.org/details/chileansoftodayOOparkrich 


PRESiWWWOM 
COPY ADDED 

ORIGINAL  TO  BE 
RETAWED 


PEB  2  ^  1993 


H  ISP  AN  I  g 

NOTES   &   MONOGRAPHS 


ESSAYS,  STUDIES,  AND  BRIEF 
BIOGRAPHIES  ISSUED  BY  THE 
HISPANIC     SOCIETY    OF    AMERICA 


IV 


IMP.UmVERSITARU 
cstado  63 


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II  II  II     ^  III     ^11  II  II 


i 


'MiHrtuurwm»nMm^--vwr!iMMJnMiurniyr!M*«»*'^J'»»M»-\i»«^*"»«'''?' 


The  Hispanic  Society  of  America 


CHILEANS 

OF 

TO  -  DAY 

EDITED  BY 

WILLIAM  BELMONT  PARKER 

Corres.  Memb.  of  The  Hispanic  Society  of  AmeVica. 

Editor  of  "Cubans  of  To-Day", 
"Peruvians  of  To-Day",  •'Bolivians  of  To-Day",  etc. 


SANTIAGO  DE  CHILE 

G.  P.  PUTNAM'S  SONS 

NEW   YORK    AND    LONDON 
1920 


Es  propiedad  de 
THE  HISPANIC  SOCIETY  OF  AMERICA 


Printed  in  Santiago,  Chile 

at  the   Imprenta   Universitaria 

April,  1920 


Bancroft  Library 
University  of  California 


wm'k 


FOREWORD 


FOREWORD 


VII 


i      « Chileans    of    To-Day»     forms    the 
I  fourth  volume   in   the  series  projected 
I  by  the  Hispanic  Society  of  America  to 
i  make  better  known   to  English-speak- 
ing    people    the   representative,    living 
I  men   of   Hispanic   America   and   so    to 
:  strengthen  the  bonds  of  mutual  under- 
I  standing  and  friendship. 
*    Though  this  book  contains  a  longer  list 
of  biographies  than  any  of  its  predeces- 
sors, it  can  lay  no  better  claim  than  they 
to  being  complete:  it  aims  only  at  being 
t  genuinely  representative  and  at  intro- 
ducing  a   sufficiently   numerous   group 
of  the  leaders  in  various  fields  of   activ- 
ity to  give  its  readers  a  just  impression 
of  the  character  of  Chilean  civilization 
and  achievement.   For  this  reason   the 
men  whose  lives  are  here  set  down  are 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


IV 


vni 


CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY    | 


drawn  from  all  parts  of  the  country  and 
from  every  important  department  of 
activity:  there  are  artists,  authors, 
statesmen,  clergymen,  farmers,  soldiers, 
engineers,  poets,  merchants,  sailors  and 
teachers  here,  as  well  as  men  of  affairs 
and  public  officials,  and  their  lives  re- 
flect the  powerful  currents  of  the  na- 
tional life  and  the  stability  of  its  poli- 
tical organization. 

The  editor  takes  pleasure  in  record- 
ing once  again  his  obligations  for  much 
and  valuable  assistance  in  preparing 
his  book  for  the  press;  he  acknowledges 
the  courtesy  of  the  officials  of  the  Na- 
tional Library  and  the  National  Insti- 
tute who  generously  placed  at  his  dis- 
posal their  facilities;  he  owes  a  debt  of 
gratitude  for  counsel  and  guidance  to 
the  Rector  of  the  University,  Dr.  Do- 
mingo Amunategui  Solar,  and  to  Seiior 
Jose  Toribio  Medina;  he  is  indebted 
for  faithful  and  skillful  collaboration 
j  to  Senores  Guillermo  Feliu  y  Cruz  and 
L.  Ignacio  Silva  A. ;  for  timely  assistance 


IV 


HISPANIC   notp:s 


FOREWORD 


to  Dr.  and  Mrs.  Sturgis  E.  Leavitt  and 
Mr.  Harold  K.  Coulson,  to  whom  also 
and  to  Senor  Victor  Alfonso  he  owes 
special  thanks  for  aid  in  preparing  the 
biographies  of  Chilean  artists;  he  records 
his  appreciation  of  the  courtesy  of  Senor 
Jorge  Diaz  Lira  who  placed  serviceable 
materials  at  his  disposal,  and  he  repeats 
with  sincere  regard  his  obligation  to  the 
members  of  the  press  for  their  unfailing 
friendliness.  Finally,  he  acknowledges 
the  indispensable  and  kindly  co-opera- 
tion of  the  subjects  of  the  biographies 
themselves.  He  desires  to  add  that, 
except  for  certain  obvious  obligations  of 
courtesy,  the  order  of  the  biographies  is 
wholly  fortuitous. 


W.  B.  P. 


Santiago,  Chile,  Marcli  25,  1920. 


AND    MONOGRAPHS 


IX 


IV 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS 
Biographies  marked  with  a  star  (*)  are  illustrated. 

PAGE 

Juan  Luis  Sanfuentes* 1 

Cresc^nte  Errazuriz* 4 

Alberto  Blest  Gana* 7 

Domingo  Amunategui  Solar* 11 

Jose  Toribio  Medina* 16 

ELofsA  Diaz* 25 

Carlos  E.  Porter 28 

Caspar  Toro 31 

Jorge  Boonen  Rivera 34 

Octavio  Maira* 37 

Eliodoro  Yanez* 39 

Anselmo  Blanlot  Holley* 41 

Leopoldo  Urrutia 44 

Juan  N.  Espejo  Varas* 46 

Enrique  Bermudez  de  la  Paz* 48 

Guillermo  Rivera* 50 

AuGusTo  Orrego  Luco* 53 

Juan  Enrique  Lagarrigue 56 

Pedro  Prado 59 

Alberto  del  Solar ^^ 

Alejandro  Fuenzalida  Grandon 64 

Luis  Barros  Borgono* 67 

IsMAEL  Vald6s  Vald6s 71 

Julio  Vicuna  Cifuentes*. '3 

Guillermo  Bianchi 77 

Ventura  Blanco  Viel '' ^ 


XII        TABLE    OF    CONTENTS 


PAGE 

Gregorio  Amunategui* 82 

Carlos  R.  Mondaca 85 

Manuel  Magallanes  Moure* 87 

Luis  Antonio  Vergara 89 

Roberto  Huneeus  Gana 91 

Carlos  Aldunate  Solar 93 

Arturo  Alessandri  Palma* 95 

Guillermo  P6rez  de  Arce* 97 

Lucila  Godoy  (Gabriela  Mistral) 99 

Mateo  Martinez  Quevedo 101 

Jorge  HimNER  Bezanilla 103 

Rebeca  Matte  de  Iniguez 105 

Narciso  Tondreau  Valin*.. 107 

Leonardo  Eliz  Soto 109 

Francisco  Rojas  Huneeus Ill 

Jose  Maria  Valderrama 113 

VfcTOR  Domingo  Silva 114 

Luis  Risopatron  Sanchez 117 

Washington  Lastarria* 120 

Onofre  Avendano.; 122 

Brigida  Walker  Guerra* 124 

Carlos  Acuna 126 

Nicolas  Novoa  Vald^s. 128 

Enrique  Barrenechea  Naranjo 130 

Antonio  Borquez     Solar* 133 

Enrique  Villegas 135 

Otto  Georgi*... 137 

Daniel  de  la  Vega 139 

Arturo  Fernandez  Vial* 141 

Arturo  Alemparte 143 

Januario  Espinosa 145 

Manuel  Foster  Recabarren 147 

GoNZALo  Bulnes* 150 


TABLE    OF    CONTENTS  xiii 

PAGE 

Juan  Agustin  Barriga* 153 

Abraham  Konig 156 

Hector  Arancibia  Lazo 159 

eucarpio  espinosa* 161 

Angel  Custodio  Espejo 163 

Enrique  Molina* 166 

Arturo  Besa 168 

Ines  EcheverrIa  de  LarraIn 171 

Walter  Barbier  Williams 173 

Eduardo  Barrios* 175 

Enrique  Soro  Barriga* 177 

AnIbal  Echeverria  y  Reyes* 179 

Alfredo  Barros  Err4zuriz 181 

Enrique  Salvador  Sanfuentes* 183 

Rafael  Errazuriz  Urmeneta 186 

Emilio  Bello  Codecido* 188 

ROMUALDO   SiLVA   C0RT6s 191 

Alberto  Edwards 193 

LucfA  Bulnes  de  Vergara 195 

Eduardo  Suarez  Mujica* 197 

Luis  Thayer  Ojeda 201 

Pedro  Pablo  Dartnell* 203 

Mamerto  CAdiz  Calvo 20^ 

Ismael  Tocornal* 207 

MiSAEL   CORREA    PaSTENE 209 

Estanislao  del  Canto 211 

Abd6n  Cifuentes 216 

Carlos  Castro  Ruiz 219 

Ram6n  CorbalAn  Melgarejo* 222 

Germ  An  Valenzuela  Basterrica 224 

Federico  Gana  y  Gana* 226 

Luis  Claro  Solar* 228 

AgustIn  Edwards* 230 


XIV       TABLE    OF     CONTENTS 


PAGE 

Francisco  de  Borja  Vald6s  Cuevas.  .  233 

Javier  Vial  Solar 235 

Carlos  Alegria 237 

GuiLLERMO  Pereira  Iniguez 239 

Luis  Felipe  Contardo* 241 

Emiliano  Figueroa 243 

Diego  Antonio  Torres 245 

Jos6  A.  Alfonso* 247 

Malaquias  Concha* 249 

ViRGiNio  Arias 252 

Amanda  Labarca  Hubertson* 258 

Manuel  Trucco 261 

Miguel  Luis  Amunategui  Reyes 263 

Carlos  Isamitt 265 

Ismael  Gajardo  Reyes* 266 

Patricio  LarraIn  Alcalde 269 

Luis  Izquierdo  Fredes 272 

Artemio  Gutierrez 274 

Ernesto  A.  Guzman 276 

Carlos  Silva  Vildosola* 278 

Diego  Duble  Urrutia 281 

ToMAs  Thayer  Ojeda 283 

Ricardo  Davila  Silva 285 

Pedro  Bannen .- 287 

GiLBERTO  Fuenzalida* 289 

Pedro  Correa  Ovalle 291 

Eliodoro  Ortiz  de  Zarate 293 

Enrique  Nercasseau  y  MorAn* 296 

AuGUSTO  Bruna 298 

Carlos  Dorlhiac 299 

Samuel  Claro  Lastarria* 301 

Daniel  Oliva 303 

Guillermo  M.  Banados* 305 


TABLE    OF     CONTENTS        xv 


PAGE 

Francisco  A.  Concha  Castillo.  307 

Luis  Orrego  Luco* 309 

SiLVESTRE   OcHAGAVfA 312 

RiCARDO   MONTANER   BeLLO 313 

Galvarino  Gallardo  Font 315 

Pedro  N.  Montenegro 317 

AgustIn  Correa  Bravo 319 

Angel  Cruchaga  Santa  MarIa* 321 

Antonio  Orrego  Barros 323 

Santiago  Marin  Vicuna* 325 

Edmundo  Jaramillo  Molina 327 

Alfredo  Irarrazaval 329 

Onofre  Jarpa* 331 

Miguel  Letelier  Espinola 333 

Julio  Montebruno  L6pez* 335 

Juan  Eduardo  Mackenna 337 

Ernesto  de  la  Cruz 339 

Galvarino  Gallardo  Nieto* 341 

Francisco  Zapata  Lillo 343 

Jorge  Huneeus  Gana 345 

ToMAs  Guevara* 348 

Anselmo  Hevia  Riquelme 351 

Alejandro  del  Rio* 353 

Enrique  Zanartu 356 

Nicanor  Gonzalez  M^ndez* 357 

Ignacio  Santa  Mar! a 359 

Angel  Guarello  Costa 361 

Ram6n  a.  Laval* 363 

Maximiliano  Ibanez 366 

Eduardo  Grez  Padilla 369 

JOSfe    GUILLERMO   GUERRA 371 

Armando  Quezada  Acharan...  373 

Samuel  A.  Lillo* ^"^^ 


XVI       TABLE    OF    CONTENTS 

PAGE 

Daniel  Feliu 377 

Ren6  Hurtado  Borne 379 

ToMAs  Gatjca  Martinez* 381 

Arcadio  Ducoing 383 

Julio  Philippi 385 

Manuel  J.  Ortiz 387 

Francisco  Navarro  Valenzuela 389 

Alberto  Garcia  Guerrero.. 391 

Vicente  Zegers 393 

Aristides  Pinto. Concha 395 

Alejandro  Lira 397 

Julio  A.  Santa  Mar! a 399 

Ricardo  Salas  Edwards 400 

Jorge  Montt* 402 

Recaredo  Amengual 405 

JOAQUfN   DfAZ   BESOAfN 407 

JoAQuiN  Echenique 409 

Rafael  Luis  Gumucio 410 

Luis  Goi5i  y  Simpson 412 

Carlos  Hurtado  Wilson 414 

Salvador  Izquierdo 416 

Mariano  Latorre 420 

Bruno  Sergio  Pizarro 422 

Pablo  RamIrez 424 

Manuel  Rivas  Vicuna* 426 

Roberto  Silva  Renard 428 

Alberto  Silva  Palma 430 

Absalon  Valencia 432 

Hernan  DfAZ  Arrieta 433 

Gonzalo  Urrejola 434 

Eduardo  Charme 436 

Rafael  Maluenda 438 

JoAQufN  Walker  MartInez 439 


TABLE     OF    CONTENTS  xvii 

PAGE 

Rafael  Lorca  Pellross 441 

Luis  Gomez  Carreno 443 

TEMfsTOCLES  Urrutia 445 

Enrique  Mac-Iver* 447 

Antonio  Huneeus  Gana 450 

Luis  Barcelo  Lira.. 453 

Elvira  Santa  Cruz  y  Ossa 455 

VfcTOR  V.  Robles 457 

Carlos  Monckeberg  Bravo* 459 

Luis  Silva  Lezaeta* 461 

Francisco  Landa 463 

Guillermo  Subercaseaux 465 

Alejandro  Huneeus  Garcia  H... 468 

Agustin  Cannobbio 470 

Fernando  Santibanez* 472 

ANfBAL  Pinto  Cruz 474 

Emma  Formas  de  DAvila 475 

Eduardo  Castillo  Vicuna  476 

Alejandro  Rosselot... 478 

Dario  Salas* 480 

Marcial  Plaza  Ferrand 482 

Carlos  Silva  Cotapos* 484 

Miguel  Luis  Rocuant 486 

SoFANOR  Parra* 488 

Benito  Rebolledo  Correa 49(1 

Federico  Puga  Borne 493 

Ernestina  Perez 496 

Emilio  Rodriguez  Mendgza 499 

Carlos  Silva  Cruz* ^^^ 

Enrique  Swinburn ^^^ 

Raul  Ram! rez  J.* 5^7 

Manuel  Salas  Lavaqui 510 

Nathanael  Yanez  Silva* ^^^ 


XVIII     TABLE    OF     CONTENTS 


PAGE 

Enrique  Tagle  Moreno. 515 

Alcibiades  Roldan. 517 

AlAMIRO  HUIDOBRO*. 519 

Francisco  Noguera .,. . . . .       . .     ,521 

Pedro  Aguirre  Cerda ,,  523 

Juan  Enrique  Tocornal. 525 

.J<)SE  Maria  Bari*.  ....   527 

Pedro  Armengol  Valenzuela 529 

Rafael  Correa*.  . . . ; 532 

Manuel  Antonio  Roman, 534 

Paulino  Alfonso* 536 

Javier  Gandarillas  Matta 539 

Armando  Donoso* 540 

Regulo  Valenzuela 543 

Francisco  Javier  DIaz*. 544 

Eduardo  Poirier 546 

Miguel  Cruchaqa  Tocornal 548 

GuiLLERMO  Cordoba* 550 

Ramon  Briones  Luco* 552 

Rafael  Frontaura.  . 554 

Federico  Casas  Basterrica* 556 

Baldomero  Lillo 558 

Francisco  Contreras* 560 

GuiLLERMO  Labarca  Hubertson 562 

Alerbto  Valenzuela  Ll-anos* 564 

Maximiliano  del  Campo* 566 

Carlos  Cariola. 568 

Juan  Tonkin 570 

Edgardo  Garrido  Merino.  ..........  572 

Enrique  Oyarzun* 574 

Beltran  Mathieu* 576 

Manuel  J.  Barrenechea 578 

Aureliano  Oyarzun* 580 


TABLE     OF    CONTENTS       xix 


PAGE 

Alfredo  Helsby  Hazell* .  585 

Enrique  Matta  Vial .  587 

Julio  Prado  Amor." 591 

Jorge  Df az  Lira 593 

L.  Ignacio  Silva  A.*    594 

Alejandro  Silva  de  la  Fuente* 596 

Joaquin  Munoz  Hurtado* 598 

Ernesto  Greve oOO 

Alberto  Cruchaga  y  Ossa 602 

Carlos  Bezanilla  Silva 604 

Carlos  Est6vez  Gazmuri 605 

Guillermo  Barros  Jara 607 

Armando  Moock 609 

Agustin  Ross 611 

Manuel  Guzman  Maturana 613 

Jorge  Delano  Frederick 615 

Heriberto  Ducoing 616 

Joaquin  DIaz  Garc6s* 618 

Diego  Dubl6  Almeyda* 620 


SANFUENTES 


JUAN    LUIS    SANFUENTES 

Man  of  affairs;  President 
of  Chile. 

Juan  Luis  Sanfuentes  was  born 
in  Santiago,  the  capital  of  Chile,  on  the  i 
twenty-seventh  of  December,  1858,  the  i 
son  of  Matilde  Andonaegui,  and  of  Sal- 1 
yador  Sanfuentes,  notable  as  a  ppetl 
and  as  a  public  man, — author  of  El  \ 
Campanario  and  Las  Leyendqs  Indi- ; 
jenas,  Secretary  of  State  in  the  Cabin-  i 
ets  of  two  Presidents,  General  Manuel ; 
Bulnes  and  Manuel  Montt,  and  Jus- 
tice of  the  Supreme  Cgurt. 

At  a  very  early  age  Sanfuentes  was  j 
left  an  orphan  and  \yithout  financial  1 
resources.  He  pursued  the  usual  cours- 1 
es  iri  the  University,  however,  and,  in  i 
1879,  when  he  was  twenty:-one,  he  won 
his  degree  of  Doctor  of  Laws.  Neither 


HISPANIC     NOTES  IV 


2 

CHILEANS     OF    TO-DAY 

his  talents  nor  his  temperament  inclin- 
ing him  to  the  law,  he  turned  his  atten- 
tion to  business  and  finance,  a  field  in 
which  he  displayed  marked  ability  and 
soon  won  a  place  among  successful  men 
of  affairs. 

In   1888  he  resolved  to  enter  public 
life,  became  candidate  for  Deputy  and 
was  elected  to  represent  the  Department 
of   Coelemu,    Province   of    Concepcion. 
In  1894  he  was  elected  to  the  Executive 
Committee  of  the  Liberal  Party,  and  in 
1901  accepted  the  post  of  Secretary  of 
the  Treasury  in   the  Cabinet  of  Presi- 
dent Errazuriz  Echaurren.  In  this  office 
his  talents  had  full  play  and  his  record 
was    in    a    high    degree    creditable:    he 
brought    about    a    unified    control    and 
inspection    of    the  government  expens- 
es, he  presented  to  Congress    the    pro- 
ject of  the  law  for  a  tax  on  alcohol  which 
yields  twenty  million  pesos  a  year,  and 
he  proposed   the  establishment  of  gov- 
ernment savings  banks  throughout  the 
Republic. 

IV 

HISPANIC     NOTES 

SANFUENTES 


3    : 


In  1902  he  was  elected  Senator  for 
the  Province  of  Valdivia  and  in  1906 
Senator  for  Concepci6n,  being  re-elec- 
ted in  1912.  In  1906  he  was  elected 
President  of  the  Senate  and  from 
1906  to  1915  served  as  Counselor  of 
State.  He  was  also  a  member  of  the 
Board  of  Directors  of  the  Caja  de  Cr6- 
dito  Hipotecario. 

In  1915  he  was  elected  President 
of  the  Republic  and  he  is  at  present  in 
this  office. 


AND    MONOGRAPHS 


IV 


4 

CHILEANS     OF    TO-DAY 

CRESCENTE    ERRAZURIZ 

Historian;  Archbishop 
of  Santiago. 

Crescente    Errazuriz,    the    son    of 
Francisco    Javier    Errazuriz    Aldunate 
and    Rosario    Valdivieso,    was    born    in 
Santiago  on  the  twenty-eighth  of  Nov- 
ember,   1839,    received     his     education 
in  the  Seminario  Conciliar  of  Santiago, 
and  in  1863  took  holy  orders. 

In   the  same  year  he   made   a  short 
visit  to  Europe  in  company  with  Arch- 
bishop  Valdivieso,    and    on    his   return 
to   Chile    took   editorial   charge   of   the 
Revista    Catolica,    in    which    he    soon 
disclosed    the    talents   of   a    formidable 
journalist.    In    1874   he   severed   his  of- 
ficial connection  with    the    Revista  Ca- 
tolica   to    assume  the  post  of  editor  of 
the     Estandarte     Catolico     which     he 

IV 

1 
HISPANIC     NOTES 

V^lWtJU^ 


ERRAZURIZ 


directed  until  the  death  of  Archbishop' 
Valdivieso  in  1884.  In  that  year  he  en- 
tered   the    Dominican   Convent,    under 
the  name  of  Fray   Raimundo   Errazu- 
riz    and    in     the    year   following   took 
the  vows  of  the  order.  Soon  after  his 
entrance  into  the  convednt  he  was  ap- 
pointed   Librarian    and   on    more    than 
one  occasion  held  the  post  of  Prior.  In  i 
1911  he  retired  from  the  convent,  and  i 
in    1916  Pope   Benedict  XV  appointed; 
him    Prothonotary    of   his    Holiness   in 
Chile.   Upon   the  death  of  Archbishop 
Jose  Ignacio  Gonzalez,  the  Chilean  Gov- 
ernment put  forward  the   candidacy  of 

'  Crescente  Errazuriz  for  the  Archbish- 
opric, to  which  he  was  appointed  in 
1918. 

I  In  the  course  of  his  active  life,  Mon- 
signor  Errazuriz  has  been  Church  Coun- 
sellor, and  in  the  University  of  Chile 
has  occupied  the  chair  of  Canon  Law. 
His  literary  activities  were  publicly 
recognized  in  1879  when  he  was  elected 
a  member  of  the  Chilean  Academy.  In 


AND     MONOGRAPHS 


1\' 


CHILEANS     OF    TO-DAY 


IV 


1915,  when  that  body  was  reorganized, 
he  was  chosen  its  Director.  In  1912  the 
Historical  and  Geographical  Society 
awarded  him  a  gold  medal  in  recogni- 
tion of  his  historical  publications. 

Aside  from  his  extensive  contribu- 
tions to  the  Revista  Catolica  and  the 
Estandarte  Catolico,  with  which  he 
was  connected  so  long,  he  has  also  writ- 
ten numerous  articles  in  the  Anales 
de  la  Universidad  and  the  Estrella 
de  Chile.  His  religious  and  secular 
works  in  book  form  include  the  follow- 
ing: Los  Origenes  de  la  Iglesia  Chilena, 
(1540-1603),  Santiago,  1873;  Sets  Anos 
de  la  Historia  de  Chile,  2  vols.,  Santiago, 
1881-1882;  Compendio  de  Derecho  Ca- 
nonigo,  Santiago,  1883;  Historia  de  Chile 
durante  los  Gobiernos  de  Garcia  Ramon 
y  Merlo  Garcia  de  la  Fuente  y  Jaraque- 
mada,  2  vols., ^  Santiago,  1902;  Historia 
de  Chile:  Pedro  de  Valdivia,  2  vols.,  San- 
tiago, 1911;  Chile  sin  Gobernador,  (1554- 
1557),  Santiago,  1912;  Don  Garcia  Hur- 
tadode  Mendoza,  (1557-1561),  1916. 


HISPAN  IC     NOTES 


Alberto  Blest  Gana. 


BLEST    GANA 


ALBERTO    BLEST    GANA 

Diplomat;  novelist. 

Alberto  Blest  Gana,  the  most  not- 
able of  the  Chilean  novelists  of  his  time, 
was  born  in  Santiago  on  the  twelfth  of 
May,  1831,  the  son  of  the    Irish  doctor 
Guillermo  Blest  and  Maria  de  la  Luz 
Gana.  He  received  his  early  education 
in  the  Military  Academy  and  secured 
a  government  scholarship  which  enab- 
led him   to  continue  his  studies  in  Eur- 1 
ope.  There  he  pursued  courses  in   the ' 
Engineering  School   at  Metz,   counting ; 
among  his  acquaintances  the  man  who , 
was   later   destined    to   be    Marshal   ofj 
France  and  First  President  of  the  Third  , 
Republic —  Mac  Mahon. 

On  his  return  to  Chile  in  1852  he  was 
appointed  Professor  of  Topography  in 
the    Military    Academy,    and    enlisting  j 


AND     MONOGRAPHS 


CHILEANS     OF     TO-DAY 


the   aid   of  his  pupils,    drew  up  a  map 
of  Santiago.  After  two  years   he    aban-  ' 
doned  the  teaching  profession  to  accept 
a  post  in  the  War  and  Navy  Depart- 
ment; in   1857  he  was  appointed  Gov-  i 
ernor  of  the  province  of  Colchagua;  in  i 
1866  he  was  sent  by  the  Perez  adminis- 
tration to  the  United  States  as  charge  | 
d'affaires;    in    1867    he    was    appointed  j 
Minister    to    England  where  he  arrang- 1 
ed    the   last  Anglo-Chilean  loan  for  the 
construction  of  the  Chillan-Talcahuano 
Railroad,  and  then  went  as  Chilean  re- 
presentative to  the  French  Government, 
but  soon  returned  to  his  native  country. 
In  1870  he  was  elected  Deputy  to  the 
Constituent  Congress. 

His  sojourn  in  Chile  was  brief;  in 
1871  he  returned  as  Minister  to  France,  \ 
where  at  the  time  of  the  war  between 
Spain  and  Chile  he  lent  valuable  aid  to 
his  country  by  forwarding  her  arms  and 
munitions.  After  the  war  he  secured  the 
incorporation  of  Chile  in  the  Postal  \ 
Union,   brought  about   the  suppression  \ 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


BLEST     GANA 


of  the  British  consular  postal  tax,  and 
terminated  the  question  of  the  frigate 
Jeanne  Amalia.During  the  bitter  struggle 
of  the  war  "of  the  Pacific  he  again  had 
an  opportunity  to  be  of  inestimable 
service  to  his  country,  purchasing  arma- 
ment for  the  Chilean  forces  and  extend- 
ing the  country's  credit.  The  war  over, 
he  fomented  immigration  and  created 
markets  for  the  raw  materials  produced 
in  Chile.  These  and  other  important 
services  made  his  position  in  the  French 
capital  secure  and  he  continued  to  serve 
as  Minister  until  1908  when  he  retired 
from  diplomatic  life,  and  two  years  later 
removed  to  Nice  where  he  now  lives. 

In  a  famous  letter  to  Vicuna  Macken- 
na,  Seiior  Blest  Gana  has  made  known 
the  source  of  his  literary  inspiration. 
One  day  after  reading  Balzac  he  made  an 
auto  da  fe  of  his  youthful  rhymes  and 
vowed  to  become  a  novelist  or  abandon 
the  field  of  literature.  From  1858  he 
devoted  his  literary  talents  to  this  end 
writing  for    the    Re  vista  de  Sud-Am6 


AND     MONOGRAPHS 


iV 


10 


CHILEANS     OF    TO-DAY 


rica,  El  Museo,  La  Revista  de  San- 
tiago, La  Semana,  and  other  magaz- 
ines. His  first  stories,  Enganos  y  Des- 
enganos,  El  Primer  Amor,  and  La  Fas- 
cinacion  were  published  in  1858  in  La 
Voz  de  Chile,  and  in  the  Revista  del 
Pacifico.  These  were  followed  by  Juan 
de  Arias,  1859,  La  Aritmetica  en  el  Amor, 
which  was  awarded  first  prize  in  1860 
in  the  annual  literary  contest  held  by 
the  University  of  Chile;  El  Pago  de  las 
Deudas,  Un  Drama  en  el  Campo,  La 
Venganza,  and  Mariludn,  1861.  Martin 
Rivas,  1862,  is  generally  regarded  as 
his  best  novel,  though  many  critics 
award  first  place  to  Durante  la  Recon- 
quista,  Paris,  1897.  He  has  also  written 
El  Ideal  de  un  Calavera,  1863;  Flor  de  la 
Higuera,  1864;  Los  Transplantados, 
1905;  El  Loco  Ester o,  1910;  and  Gladys 
Fairfield,  1910. 


IV 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


AMUNATEGUI     SOLAR 


11 


DOMINGO  AMUNATEGUI   SOLAR 

Scholar;  author;  Rector  of 
the  University  of  Chile. 

Domingo  Amunategui  Solar  was 
born  in  Santiago  de.  Chile  on  the  twen- 
tieth of  October,  1860,  of  distinguished 
parents,  his  mother  being  Rosa  Solar 
y  Valdes  and  his  father  the  noted  scholar 
and  public  man  Miguel  Luis  Amund- 
tegui  y  Aldunate  who  was  Professor 
in  the  National  Institute  and  General 
Secretary  of  the  University  of  Chile, 
member  of  the  Chamber  of  Deputies 
from  1864  until  his  death  and  Member 
of  the  Cabinet  under  the  administra- 
tions of  three  presidents. 

After  pursuing  the  usual  courses  in 
the  National  Institute  of  his  native 
city  and  in  the  University  where  he 
gained  the  degrees  of  Bachelor  of  Arts 


AND     MONOGRAPHS 


IV 


12 


CHILEANS     OF    TO-DAY 


Bachelor     of     Laws,      Licentiate     and 
Advocate    (1881)    Dr.   Amunategui   fol-  : 
lowed  the  footsteps  of  his  father  in  seek- 1 
ing    a    career  both  in  academic  and  in  | 
public   channels.    In    1887     he    became  ! 
sub-Secretary    in    the    Department    of  ■ 
Justice  and  two  years  later  was  appoint- 1 
ed     Professor    of    Constitutional     Law  | 
and  Political  Economy  in  the  Pedagog-  i 
ical    Institute.    From  that  time  he  has 
continued  to  occupy  high  places  and  to 
fulfill    important    duties    alike    in    the 
public  and  the  academic  life   of    Chile. 
In  1889  he  became  a  member  of  the 
Faculty   of   Arts   in    the   University   of 
Chile;  in  1892  he  was  appointed  Profes- 
sor of  the  Mediaeval,  Modern  and  Com- 
temporary  History  of  America  and  Chile 
in   the   National    Institute,   and   in   the 
same  year  was  the  recipient  of  the  ad- 
ditional honors  of  Secretary  of  the  Fac- 
ulty of  Arts,  Director  of  the  Pedagog- 
ical    Institute    and     Member     of     the 
Executive    Committee    of    the    Liberal 
Party.    In    the    following   year   he   was 


IV 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


AMUNATEGUI     SOLAR 

made  Dean  of  the  Faculty  of  Arts  in 
the  University. 

In    1907   he  was  appointed,  Minister 
of  Justice   and   Education;  in    1909  he 
was  again  appointed  to  the  same  post 
and  a  third  time  in   1910.   In   1918  he  i 
was  made  Minister  of  the  Interior  and  I 
as  such  presided  over  the  national  gen- ' 
eral  elections  of  March,  1918.  j 

Meantime  in  1911,  he  had  been  chos- 1 
en  Rector  of  the  University  which  pos- ! 
ition    he   still   occupies,   and    had   been 
honored  with  marks  of  distinction  from 
niany  sources:  He  had  been  made  Hon- 
orary Member  of  the  Faculty  ,of   Jur- , 
idical  and  Social  Science  of  the    Univ-  j 
ersity  of  La  Plata  in  1908;  Correspond- 
ing Member  of  the  Royal  Academy  of  | 
Madrid  in  1909;  Corresponding  Member 
of  The    Hispanic   Society    of   America, 
1914;   Officer   of  Public  Instruction    of 
France,  1914;  Knight  of  the  Order  of  the 
Crown  of    Italy,    1914;.  Corresponding 
Member  of  the  Royal  Spanish  Academy, 
1915;  Honorary    Member   of    the    Uni- 


13 


AND     MONOGRAPHS 


IV 


14 


CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 


versity  ofTucuman,  1916;  Corresponding 
Member  of  the  Historical  Institute  of 
Peru,  1918. 

In  addition  to  his  many  and  notable 
activities  in  the  fields  of  education  and 
public  service,  Dr.  Amunategui  has  won 
distinction  also  as  an  author,  having 
produced  works  in  history  and  criticism 
'which  have  made  his  name  known  on 
both  continents.  Among  his  published 
works  are:  Los  primer os  anos  del  Ins- 
tituto  Nacional  (1813-1835),  Santiago, 
1889;  El  Instituto  Nacional  hajo  los  rec- 
torados  de  don  Manuel  Montt,  don  Fran- 
cisco Puente  y  don  Antonio  Varas  (1835- 
1845),  Santiago,  1891;  La  ensenanza  del 
Estado,  Santiago,  1894;  El  sistema  de 
Lancaster  en  Chile,  Santiago,  1895;  Mora 
en  Bolivia,  Santiago,  1897;  Un  soldado 
de  la  conquista  de  Chile,  Santiago,  1898 
La  Sociedad  Chilena  del  siglo  XVIII  \ 
Mayorazgos  y  Titulos  de  Castilla,  3 
vols.,  dated  1901,  1903  and  1904; 
D.  Francisco  Solano  Astahuruaga,  San- 
tiago,  1905;  Las  encomiendas    de    indi- 


IV 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


AMUNATEGUI    SOLAR 


jenas  en  Chile,  2  vols.,  Santiago,  dated 
1909  and  1910;  Noticias  ineditas  sohre 
don  Juan  Martinez  de  Rozas,  Santiago, 
1911;  Bosquejo  historico  de  la  literatiira 
chilena.  (In  course  of  publication :  twenty 
chapters  have  appeared  in  the  Revista 
Chilena  de  Historia  y  Geografia). 

In  addition  to  these  books  and  to  very 
many  articles  on  historical,  education- 
al and  administrative  topics,  he  has 
translated  from  the  English  the  work 
of  the  late  Edward  Gaylord  Bourne  on 
Spain  in  America,  giving  it  the  title. 
Regimen  Colonial  de  Espana  en  America, 
Santiago,   1916. 


AND     MONOGRAPHS 


15 


I\' 


16 


CHILEANS     OF    TO-DAY 


JOSE    TORIBIO    MEDINA 

Binliographer;  man  of  letters. 

Jose  Tori  bio  Medina,  the  foremost 
bibliographer  of  his  country,  was  born 
in  Santiago  on  the  twenty-first  of  Oc- 
tober, 1852,  the  descendant  of  citizens 
of  Cadiz  who  settled  in  Chile  in  the  mid- 
dle of  the  eighteenth  century.  His  fath- 
er, Jose  del  P.  Medina,  was  a  lawyer, 
a  judge  and  a  poet  who  was  incapacitated 
by  disease  at  the  early  age  of  thirty- 
!  three;  his  mother  was  Mariana  Tavala, 
a  native  of  Vallenar. 

Medina  spent  his  childhood  with  his 
grandparents  in  the  country  where 
he  learned  his  letters  and  at  an  early 
age  began  his  formal  education  in  the 
English  School  of  Valparaiso.  He  con- 
tinued his  studies  in  the  National  In- 
stitute of  Santiago  and  read  law  in  the 
University   where   he   finished   the   five 


IV     !  HISPANIC     NOTES 


-^.   /^  -^^-^*^ 


MEDINA 


I  years'  course  in  three  years,  meantime 
I  giving  private  lessons  in   Latin   to  eke 
I  out  his    strict  allowance.    On    receiving 
his  degree  as  Advocate  in  1873,  he  began  ! 
the   practise  of  his  profession;   but"  he  | 
!  gave   what   time   he   could   spare   from ! 
the  law  to    literature — wpiting    articles  i 
I  for     the    magazines,    studying   Chilean 
!  history  and  preparing  a  translation  into 
i  Spanish    of    Longfellow's    Evangeline. 

Early  in  1875  he  was  appointed  First 
Secretary   of   Legation   in    Lima  where 
I  he  formed  friendships  with  the  literary 
group,    which    included     Francisco    P.  ! 
Vigil,   Manuel   de   Mendiburu,    Manuel  | 
de  Odriozola  and  Ricafdo  Palma,  with  i 
whom    the    affectionate    relations    then 
begun  lasted  till  Palma's  death  in  1919. 
There   also   he  continued   to  write;   he 
contributed   articles  to   «E1   Correo  del 
Peru«,  published  an  edition  of  Las  Me- 
morias  de  Chile,  attributed  to  the  friar 
Juan  de  Jesus  Maria,  and  prepared  the  I 
first  part  of  the  Historia  de  la  literatura  i 
colonial  de  Chile. 


AND    MONOGRAPHS  TV 


18 


CHILEANS     OF    TO-DAY 


IV 


In  May,  1876,  he  went  to  the  United 
States  to  attend  the  World's  Fair  at  Phil- 
adelphia and  then  travelled  over  a  large 
part  of  that  country  in  company  with 
his  former  colleague  in  Lima,  Ignacio 
Calder6n,  who  has  for  so  long  and  with 
so  great  distifiction  represented  Bolivia 
in  Washington.  Continuing  his  travels, 
Seiior  Medina  went  to  London  where 
he  studied  the  documents  for  the  history 
of  Chile  in  the  British  Museum,  and 
journeyed  farther  to  the  continent, 
visiting  France,  Spain,  Italy,  Austria, 
Germany,  Holland  and  Belgium  and, 
after  spending  a  few  months  in  Paris, 
returned  to  Chile  in  June,  1877. 

Resuming  his  vocation  as  lawyer  and 
his  avocation  as  author,  he  published 
in  1878  the  three  volumes  of  his  Historia 
de  la  literatura  colonial,  and  in  1879  made 
a  journey  to  Araucania,  running  some 
risks,  because  it  was  not  yet  a  part  of 
the  national  domain,  to  collect  materials 
for  his  Los  Aborigenes  de  Chile,  designed 
to  form  the  first  volume  of  a  complete 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


MEDINA 


19 


history  of  Chile  which  he  had  pro- 
jected after  seeing  the  vasl  amount  of 
material  lying  almost  wholly  unknown 
and  unused  in  the  Archives  of  the 
Indies  in  Seville. 

The  war  with  Peru  and  Bolivia  drew 
him  off,  to  serve  as  Auditor  to  the  Re- 
serves in  Tarapaca,  but  he  succeeded, 
in  odd  hours  and  with  the  materials 
:  available,  in  finishing  his  Ahorigenes  de 
I  Chile,  and  at  the  end  of  the  war  he  was 
I  appointed,  on  the  request  of  the  new 
I  Minister,  Don  Patricio  Lynch,  who 
i  was  being  sent  to  Madrid  to  re-estab- 
[  lish  diplomatic  relations  with  Spain, 
\  First  Secretary  of  Legation.  In  Madrid 
I  he  came  into  contact  with  the  literary 
I  men  of  that  epoch  and  added  to  his 
I  friends  Menendez  Pelayo,  Nunez  de 
!  Arce,  Tamayo  y  Baus,  Canete,  Cam- 
!  poamor,  Jimenez  de  la  Espada,  Zara- 
]  gosa,  Fernandez  Duro,  Herrera,  Sancho 
I  Ray6n,  the  Marques  de  la  Fuensanta 
1  and  other  writers,  Americanists  and 
I  scholars. 


AND     MONOGRAPHS 


IV 


20 

1 
CHILEANS     OF     TO-DAY 

1 

1 

On  the  completion  of  his  diplomatic 
mission,    in   which   he   had  as  colleague 
and    friend    Monsignor  Santiago   della 
Chiesa,    the    present    Pope,    he    turned 
his  whole  attention  to  the  Archives  of 
the  Indies  in  Seville  and  Simancas,  where 
he  copied  great  numbers  of  documents 
on  the  history  of  America  and  especially 
of  Chile,  and  made  a  minute  study  of 
the  Tribunals  of  the  Inquisition  in  the 
New   World    for   which    the   masses   of 
material,    accumulated    in    one    of   the 
chambers  of  the    Castle   of   Simancas, 
had    remained  hitherto  unknown. 

In  1886  he  returned  to  Santiago  where 
some  months  later  he  married  Mercedes 
Ybafiez  y  Rondizzoni,  the  daughter  of 
Adolfo  Ybanez,  who  was  Secretary    of 
Foreign  Affairs  and    Minister   of    Chile  i 
in  Washington,  a  lady  of  wide  culture  j 
and  travel,  who  has  been  his  constant 
and  invaluable  collaborator  in   the  long 
list  of  works  he  has  since  completed.    ! 

With   the   materials- he   had  brought 
with    him    from    Paris,    Senor    Medina 

IV 

HIS  PA  NIC     NOTES 

MEDINA 


21 


'  now  set  up   up  in  his  own  house  a  print- 
I  ing-press    which    he    himself  operated, 
i  and  from  which   and  its  successors  he 
sent  out  a  great  number   of   books,  be- 
ginning with  the  Catdlago  de  su  biblioteca  \ 
'■  americana,  and  including  among  other 
;  works :   Coleccion  de  documentos,  30  vols ; 
Historiadores  de  Chile,  ?>?>  vols ;  La  Im- 
prenta    en  Santiago;  Biblioteca  hispano- 
americana,    6    vols ;    Biblioteca  hispano- 
chilena,    3    vols;    Bibliografia    espanola 
j  de  las  Islas  Filipinas;    La  Imprenta  en 
Manila;  La  Imprenta  en  Lima,  4  vols; 
Puebla  de  los  Angeles,   Mexico,  8  vols; 
Los  Tribunates  del  Santo  Oficio  en  America  : 
;  Lima;  Chile;  Rio  de  la  Plata;  Cartagena; 
I  Mexico,  La  Primitiva   Inquisicion  Ame- 
ricana, and  La  Araucana,  5  vols. 

For  some  of  these,  notably  those  on 

bibliography  and  on  the  history  of  the 

press  in  various  countries,  he  made  sep- 

I  arate  journeys  in  search  of  his   mater- 

;  ials.  For  example,  the  Biblioteca  hispano- 

I  chilena  and  its  related  works  required 

a  visit   to  Spain,  France  and  England ; 


AND     MONOGRAPHS         ;      IV 


22 


IV 


CHILEANS     OF    TO-DAY 


those  on  the  press  of  Lima  and  the  city 
of  Puebla,  Mexico,  required  visits  to 
Peru,  Guatemala  and  Mexico,  all 
attended  with  difficulties  of  travel  and 
much  labor  of  research.  To  the  Arau- 
cana,  the  national  poem  of  Chile,  and 
its  author  Ercilla,  he  dedicated  a  separ- 
ate journey  to  Spain,  where,  in  spite 
of  great  difficulties,  he  succeeded  in 
obtaining  the  documents  necessary  for 
a  full  study  of  the  poet  and  his  work, 
and  finally  presented,  in  five  folio 
volumes,  a  monumental  edition,  such 
as  is  unlikely  ever  to  be  superseded. 

He  has  also  issued  pristine  or  revised 
editions  of  other  works  relating  to  the 
early  history  of  Chile,  such  as  Las  Gue- 
rras  de  Chile,  a  poem  of  the  seven- 
teenth century ;  El  Temblor  de  Lima,  and 
Arauco  domado  by  Pedro  de  Ona,  and 
Carlo  Famoso  by  D.  Luis  Zapata,  which 
deals  with  the  discovery  of  the  New 
World.  He  has  likewise  occupied  him- 
self with  the  field  of  American  explora- 
tion    and    geography,     re-publishing  a 


HISPAN IC     NOTES 


MEDINA 


23 


number  of  the  early  and  inaccessible 
works,  such  as,  Viajes  de  Lemaire  y 
Schouten  al  Estrecho  de  Magallanes, 
Descuhrimiento  del  Rio  de  las  Amazo- 
nas,  which  he  issued  in  Seville  in  1894 
for  the  Duque  de  T'Serclaes;  Ledn  Pan- 
caldo  y  su  viaje  al  Peril  en  1537;  Die- 
cionario  hiogrdfico  colonial  de  Chile,  and 
many  others. 

Side  by  side  with  his  collection,  study 
and  presentation  of  the  documents  for 
Hispanic-American  history,  Senor  Me- 
dina has  made  a  notable  collection  of 
the  coins  and  medals  of  the  republics 
from  Mexico  to  Chile,  and  in  Las  Mo- 
nedas  Chilenas,  Las  Medallas  Chilenas, 
!  Las  Monedas  coloniales,  etc.,  etc.,  has 
published  descriptive  text,  with  notes 
and  many  illustrations  of  these  mater- 
ials indispensable   to   the   historian.  f» 

In  fact,  his  labors  in  the  entire  field 
of  documentation  and  materials  for 
Hispanic  American  history  are  stupen- 
dous. A  list  of  his  works  would  include 
more  than  three  hundred  tides  and  has 


AND     MONOGRAPHS 


24 


CHILEANS     OF    TO-DAY 


already  formed  the  subject  for  a  volume 
by  Senor  D.  V.  M.  Chiappa.  His  ac- 
complishments have  brought  him  many 
honors:  he  is  a  member  of  learned  so- 
cieties in  all  parts  of  the  world  and 
takes  especial  pride  in  his  election,  more 
than  thirty-five  years  ago,  as  Mem- 
ber of  the  Royal  Academy  of  Letters 
of  Madrid,  in  his  membership  in  The 
Hispanic  Society  of  America,  and  more 
than  all,  in  his  election  as  Honorary 
Member  of  the  Royal  Academy  of  Hist- 
ory— a  distinction  which  has  not  hith- 
erto been  bestowed  upon  any  other 
Hispanic-American  historian.  He  has 
also  received  the  award  of  several  gold 
medals — two  conferred  upon  him  in 
foreign  expositions,  a  third  struck  in 
his  honor  by  the  Argentina  Club  of 
History  and  Numismatics  in  Septem- 
ber,  1910,  and  a  fourth  in   1917,  made 

I  by  the  Society  of  History  and  Geography 

I  of  Santiago. 


IV 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


Doctora  Eloisa  Diaz. 


DIAZ 


ELOISA   DIAZ 

Physician. 

Eloisa  Diaz,  the  daughter  of  Eulogio 
Diaz  y  Varas  and  Carmela  Insunza, 
was  born  in  1866  in  the  city  of  Santiago 
and  there  received  her  education;  she 
attended  the  Almeyda  and  the  National 
Institutes  where  in  1881  she  success- 
fully passed  the  requisite  examinations 
for  entering  upon  a  professional  career 
which  in  1877  had  been  made  possible 
for  women  in  Chili  by  the  law  promoted 
by  the  then  Minister  of  Public  Instruc- 

:  tion,  Dr.  Amunategui.  She  chose  the 
medical  profession,  for  which  she  studied 
to  qualify  herself  at  the  Universit>', 
and  in  1887  won  her  title  of  Doctor  of 
Medicine,  winning  also  the  congrat- 
ulations of  the  Examining  Board  as  the 
first   Chilean   woman  to  attain  that  de- 

I ' — '  ~ 

I        AND     MONOGRAPHS  l\ 


26 

CHILEANS     OF    TO-DAY 

gree.  She  has  devoted  herself  chiefly  to 
the  bettering  of  hygienic  conditions 
in  the  public  schools,  and  to  the  treat- 
ment of  the  maladies  peculiar  to  her 
sex.  In  1890,  to  advance  her  knowledge 
of  gynecology,  she  acted  as  assistant 
in  Dr.  Mocriel's  hospital.  In  1891  she 
was  appointed  Physician  in  the  Wom- 
en's Hospital  of  San  Francisco  de  Borja, 
and  Professor  of  Hygiene  in  the  Teach- 
er's Training  College  where  she  lectured 
for  six  years  till  that  institution  was 
transferred  to  Concepcion. 

She  has  acted  as  physician  to  several 
societies,  among  others  that  for  the 
protection  of  women,  and  in  1898  was 
named  Medical-Inspector  of  the  San- 
tiago schools. 

Before  the  Latin-American  Medical 
Congress  held  in  Santiago  in  1901  she 
presented  a  measure  for  the  reorganiz- 
ation of  the  medical  inspection  in  Chil- 
ean schools;  in  1904  before  the  same 
Congress  held  in  Buenos  Aires,  an  essay 
on  school  hygiene,  and  in   1908  before 

IV 

HISPANIC     NOTES 

•   DIAZ 

the  Pan-American  Congress,  another 
exposition  of  the  same  theme.  In  1910 
she  was  appointed  Recording  Secretary 
of  the  proceedings  of  the  International 
Scientific  Congress  held  in  Buenos  Ai- 
res, and  in  the  following  year  became 
Consulting  Physician  to  the  Chilean 
Schools  Sanitary  Service.  She  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Chilean  Scientific  Society. 
Besides  her  contributions  to  the  « Re- 
vista  Medica»  and  a  treatise  on  wom- 
en's diseases,  she  has  published  a  work 
entitled  Estudios  sobre  la  Higiene  en  las 
Escuelas  Publicas. 


AND     MONOGRAPHS 


IV 


28 


CHILEANS     OF    TO-DAY 


CARLOS   E.   PORTER 


Naturalist. 

Carlos  E.  Porter,  a  descendant  of 
Commodore  David  Porter,  was  born  in 
Valparaiso  and  received  his  education 
in  the  schools  of  his  native  city. 

At  an  early  age  he  showed  a  marked  I 
aptitude   for   natural     sciences,   a   field  \ 
in  which  he  was  later  to  win  wide  fame.  | 
For  many  years  he  was  head  of  the  Mic- 
rographical    Service    in    the    Municipal  I 
Chemical  Laboratory,  and  in  1897  was  \ 
appointed    Director   of    the    Valparaiso 
Museum.    During   the   same   period   he 
was  Professor  of  Natural  History,  Phys- 
iology and  Hygiene  in  the  Naval  School 
and   in   the   Naval   Engineering   School  | 
of  Valparaiso.  The  terrible  earthquake  I 
of  1906  which  laid  waste  Chile's  most  | 
important    sea-port    brought    with    it ! 


IV 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


PORTER 


29 


the  destruction  of  the  Museum,  and 
Sefior  Porter  soon  afterwards  moved 
to  Santiago.  There  he  found  employ- 
ment in  several  of  the  city  schools  and 
in  the  Military  School.  The  reputation 
which  he  had  gained  in  Valparaiso  soon 
brought  him  the  post  of  head  of  the 
Crustacean  Section  of  the  Museum  of 
Natural  History  in  Santiago,  a  position 
which  he  holds  at  the  present  day.  He 
is  also  Professor  of  General  Zoology 
and  Applied  Entomology  in  the  Agri- 
cultural  Institute. 

His  scientific  attainments  have  been 
honored  both  at  home  and  abroad.  He 
was  delegate  from  Chile  to  the  Biolog- 
ical Section  of  the  International  Scien- 
tific Congress  held  in  Buenos  Aires,  and 
was  later  commissioned  by  the  govern- 
ment to  visit  Europe  and  study  the 
organization  of  museums  and  zoologic- 
al gardens.  He  has  received  the  follow- 
ing medals  and  decorations:  the  Inter- 
I  national  Scientific  Medal;  the  Medal  of 
the   Agricultural    Exposition   of   Talca; 

AND     MONOGRAPHS 


30 


CHILEANS     OF    TO-DAY 


I  Medal  of  the  Second  Class  from  the 
I  Pedagogical  Congress  of  Chile ;  the 
i  Buffon  Medal  from  the  Levallois  As- 
sociation of  Naturalists  of  France,  and 
the  Palms  of  Public  Instruction  from 
France.  In  the  competition  of  1910  for 
the  Gay  Prize  he  received  an  award  of 
five  hundred  francs  froru  the  Academy 
of  Science. 

He  has  made  many  important  dis- 
coveries of  microscopic  fungi  and  has 
published  numerous  works  of  a  scien- 
tific nature. 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


TORO 

31 

I 
1 

1 

i 
1 
1 

'' 
1 

CASPAR  TORO 

Teacher;  public  official. 

Caspar  Toro,  the  son  of  Pedro 
Pablo  Toro  M azote  and  Teresa  Hur- 
tado,  was  born  in  1848  at  Melipilla. 
He  was  educated  in  Santiago  at  the 
National  Institute,  then  under  the  di- 
rection of  Dr.  Barros  Arana,  and  the 
University,  where  he  studied  law  and 
was  finally  granted  his  degree  as  Lic- 
enciate  in  1870. 

In  1876  he  was  appointed  Secretary 
of  Legation  in  Argentina  and  Brazil. 
In  Buenos  Aires,  however,  owing  to 
difficulties  arising  in  the  boundary  dis- 
pute with  Argentina,  Sr.  Toro  resign- 
ed his  post  and  undertook  a  voyage 
to  Europe.  During  his  stay  there  he 
drew  up,  at  the  instance  of  his  govern- 
ment, a  report  on  the  working  of  Public  ; 

HISPANIC     NOTES 

l\' 

32 


CHILEANS     OF     TO-DAY 


Libraries,  the  text  of  which  was  at  a 
subsequent  date  published  in  El  Dia- 
rio  Oficial. 

Returning  from  Europe  to  Brazil  he 
again  took  up  his  duties  as  Secretary 
of  Legation  to  the  Government  of  Don 
Pedro  II,  and  for  a  time  acted  also  as 
Charge  d'affaires.  On  his  resignation 
of.  this  post  in  1878  he  came  back  to 
Chile,  and  the  same  year  published  an 
exposition  of  his  views  on  the  Argentina 
Boundary  question. 

Sr.  Toro  first  appeared  in  political 
life  in  1879  when  he  was  elected  sub- 
stitute-Deputy for  Me,lipilla  and  Se- 
cretary of  the  Chamber,  both  of  which 
offices  he  occupied  until  1885.  Three 
years  later  he  was  again  elected,  this  | 
time  as  permanent  Deputy. 

In  the  revolutionary  year  of  1891, 
when  in  the  course  of  official  duty  he 
signed  the  act  of  deposition  of  President 
Balmaceda,  he  was,  during  the  latter's 
dictatorship,  compelled  to  seek  safety  i 
at     Iquique  where   he  joined   the  con 


IV 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


TORO 


S3 


stitutlonal  forces  as  Secretary  of  Head- 
quarters Staff  and  took  part,  with  Gen- 
eral del  Canto,  in  the  battles  of  Con- 
c6n  and  Placilla.  In  1892,  after  an  in- 
terruption while  he  served  in  the  Ar- 
bitration Commission,  he  was  made 
Minister  of  Public  Instruction;  in  1894 
he  resumed  this  office  and  continued 
therein  until  the  end  of  President 
Montt's  term. 

His  academic  career  had  begun  in 
1878  with  his  appointment  to  the  pro- 
fessorship of  American  History  in  the 
National  Institute.  From  1891  till  1899 
he  was  General  Secretary  of  the  Univ- 
ersity of  Chile.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
Faculty  of  Philosophy  and  Letters  as 
well  as  of  the  Faculty  of  Law  and  Pol- 
itical Science,  in  which  he  at  one  timie 
lectured  on  International  Law. 

He  was  editor  of  the  Liberal  news- 
paper «La  Libertad  Electoral*  in  1886, 
and  has  contributed  largely  to  the  lead- 
ing reviews,  such  as  «La  Revista  Chh- 
lena»,  on  political  and  historical  topics. 


AND     MONOGRAPHS 


IV 


34 

CHILEANS     OF     T  O-D  A  Y 

JORJE    BOONEN    RIVERA 

! 

Army  officer. 

JORjE  BooNEN  Rivera  was  born 
on  the  sixteenth  of  April,  1858,  in  Val- 
paraiso and  '  there  received  his  early 
education  in  the  schools  of  his  native 
city.  He  went  abroad  to  complete  his 
technical  training  and  studied  in  Brus- 
sels from  1870  to  1878,  attending  the 
Royal  Atheneum  and  the  Polytechnic 
School. 

Upon  his  return  to  Chile  he  soon 
found  opportunity  for  active  service 
in  the  war  with  Peru  and  Bolivia,  and 
took  the  field  with  the  rank  of  Sec- 
ond Lieutenant  in  the  National  Guard 
in  the  great  campaigns  of  1879-1883. 
At  the  close  of  the  war  he  was  appoint- 
ed Military  Attache  to  the  Chilean  Leg- 
ation  in   Spain,   and   remained   abroad 

IV 

HISPAN IC     NOTES 

BOONEN     RIVERA 


two  years.   In    1887   he  was  appointed 
Professor    of    Tactics    in    the    MiHtary 
School  and  the  following  year,  Professor 
of  Military  History  and  Chilean  Geo- 
graphy  in    the   War   Academy,   a   post 
which  he  held  until  1891  when  he  joined 
the  constitutional  forces  in  their  strug- 
gle against  President  Balmaceda.  From 
1891   to   1895   he  was  Military  Attache 
in  Germany,  and  on  his  return  resumed 
his  work  as  Professor  in  the  War  Acad- 
emy.  From    this    time  on   he  received  | 
rapid  promotion,  and  in   1903  was  ad-  [ 
vanced   to  the  rank  of  Major  General. 
In  1905  he  was  chosen  Chief  of  the  Gen- 
eral Staff,  in   1912   appointed   Inspect- 
or General  of  the  Army,    and  in   1916 
made  Minister  of  War  and  the  Navy. 
He  has  contributed  freely  to  the  mag- 
azines  and    daily  p£ipers  of  his  country 
as  well   as   to   '<L' Independence   Beige 
of  Brussels,   and  the  «New  York  Her- 
j  ald»  of  Paris.  He  has  published  numer- 
ous translations  of  French  and  German 
military  treatises,  apd  is  the  author  of 


AND     MONOGRAPHS 


IV 


36 


IV 


<^  HI  LEANS    OF    T  0-D  A  Y 


the  following  works:  Ensayo  sobre  la 
Historia  Militar  (in  collaboration  with 
E.  Korner),  Santiago,  1888;  Estudio 
sobre  la  Planta  y  Organizacion  del  Ejer- 
cito,  Santiago,  1888;  Reglamento  para 
la  Maniobra  de  Infanteria,  Santiago, 
1890;  Guia  para  el  estudio  de  la  Tdctica, 
Santiago,  1895;  Geografia  Militar  de 
Chile,  Santiago,  1896-1902;  and  Parti- 
cipacion  del  Ejercito  en  el  Progreso  y  De- 
sarrollo  del  Pais. 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


Octavio  Maira. 


MAIRA 


OCTAVIO   MAIRA 


Phvsi'-ian;  author. 


OcTAVio  Maira,  the  son  of  Bias 
Maira  and  Evarista  Gonzalez,  was  born 
in  1859  in  the  village  of  Quirihue  and 
was  educated  in  Santiago,  in  the  San 
Luis  school,  in  the  University  and  in 
the  Medical  School  where  he  gained 
his  degree  in  medicine  in  1887. 

A  natural  bent  toward  scientific  in- 
vestigation led  him  to  study  the  phen- 
omena of  Hypnotism  and  Suggestion 
at  a  time  when  the  disposition  was  gen- 
eral to  regard  them  as  illusion  or  im' 
posture:  he  gave  lectures  in  Santiago 
and  also  in  Buenos  Aires  to  establish 
the  reality  of  the  phenomena  and  to 
secure  a  scientific  attitude  toward  them 
and,  in  collaboration  with  Dr.  David 
Benavente,    published,    in    1897,    //*>. 


AND     MONOGRAPHS 


I\' 


38 


CHILEANS     OF     TO-DAY 


notismo  y  Sugestion,  a  book  of  which 
Charcot,  the  leading  authority  of  France 
in  this  field,  spoke  with  praise. 

The  same  disposition  has  led  him  to 
study   problems   of   public    health    and  j 
hygiene,  in  which  he  has  dealt  with  the 
social  evil  in  a  report  which  the  Coun-  j 
cil  of  Public  Education  ordered  publish- 1 
ed  in  the  Annals  of  the  University. 

Dr.  Maira  has  served  as  Professor  j 
of  Public  Hygiene  in  the  University,  i 
President  of  the  Pedro  Regalado  Vi- 1 
dela  Medical  Society,  Secretary  of  the ! 
Society  of  Medicine,  Charter  member  i 
of  the  Medical  Congress,  Head  of  the  | 
Government  Health  Office,  and,  since 
1911,  General  Secretary  of  the  Univer- 
sity of  Chile. 


IV  HISPANIC     NOTES 


Eliodoro  Yanez. 


YANEZ 


ELIODORO  YANEZ 

Lawyer;  orator;  official. 

Eliodoro  Yanez,  the  son  of  Manuel 
Antonio  Yanez  and  Maria  Josefa  Ponce 
de  Leon,  was  born  in  1860  in  Santiago. 
He  received  his  schooHng  in  the  Nation- 
al Institute,  thence  passed  to  the  Uni- 
versity, and  in  1883  was  granted  his 
degree  as  Licentiate  in  Law.  In  the 
following  year  he  published,  in  collab- 
oration with  Dn.  Ricardo  Parsi  Garcfa, 
a  Compendium  of  Laws,  and  likewise 
contributed  articles  on  juridical  ques- 
tions to  the  «Revista  Forense»  and 
to  «La  Libertad  Electoral ».  In  1889 
he  was  appoimted  Recorder  of  Ses- 
sions to  the  Santiago  Court  of  Appeals, 
and  soon  gained  a  reputation  as  a  com- 
petent lawyer  and  public  speaker. 
He  appeared  in  the  Chamber  of  Deput- 

AND     MONOiGRAPHS 


39 


IV 


40 


CHILEANS    OF     TO-DAY 


ies  as  a  member  of  the  old  Liberal  party, 
of  which  he  was  at  one  time  President, 
representing  the  city    of    Valdivia,  for  i 
which  he  was  re-elected  until  the  year  \ 
1903  when  he  passed  to  the  Upper  House  j 
as  Senator  for  the  province.   In    1906,  | 
when  he  again  appeared  as  candidate,  I 
he   was  defeated   in    the  elections   and  j 
for  eight  years  retired  from  active  pol- 
itics.   Re-elected     again    for    Valdivia, 
in   1910,  he  was  appointed  Minister  of 
Foreign  Affairs  in  the  first  cabinet  of 
President  Riesco,   and  during  his  term 
of  office  was  successful  in  finally  settl- 
ing the  old   question  of  boundaries  with 
Argentina.   In   1910  he  was  nominated 
by    his    Government,  delegate    to    the 
Hague  Conference;  in  1917  he  was  Min- 
ister of  the   Interior  and  Chief  of  the 
Cabinet,   and  in    1918,  was    entrusted 
with  a  financial  and  commercial  mission 
to   several    European    Governments   as 
well  as  to  that  of  the  United  States. 


IV 


HISPAN  IC     NOTES 


BLANLOT     HOLLEY 


41 


ANSELMO  BLANLOT  HOLLEY     ' 

Public  man;  writer. 

Anselmo  Blanlot  Holley,  the  son 
I  of  Anselmo  Blanlot  and  Adela  Holley, 
I  was  born  in  Llico,  province  of  Curic6, 
Ion  the  seventeenth  of  October,  1859. 
He  received  his  early  education  in  the 
I  Curico  Liceo  and  in  the  National  Instit- 
I  ute  of  Santiago,  successfully  passing 
!  the  University  examination  for  the  de- 
i  gree  of  Bachelor  in  Letters  and  Political 
!  Sciences.  Continuing  his  studies  in  the 
t  University  of  Chile,  he  received  the 
I  degree  of  Licenciate  in  Laws  and  in  Jan- 
I  uary,  1884,  was  admitted  to  the  Bar. 
I  He  married  Maria  Roissig  in  1880 
I  and  has  eleven  children. 

His  studies  in  the  University  were 
1  interrupted  by  the  War  of  the  Pacific 
iin    1879  when,   responding   to   the  call 


AND     MONOGRAPHS 


l\ 


CHILEANS     OF    TO-DAY 


to  arms,  he  joined  the  Curico  regiment 
and  in  it  rose  to  the  rank  of  Captain. 
After  the  war  he  turned  to  the  practice 
of  his  profession,  but  entered  political 
Hfe  in  1888,  when  he  was  elected  Deputy 
for  Chilian.  A  supporter  of  President 
Balmaceda  in  the  Revolution  of  1891, 
he  was  entrusted  with  the  post  of  Gov- 
ernment Delegate  to  the  Army  Head- 
quarters. The  defeat  of  the  Balmaceda 
forces  brought  about  his  retirement 
from  political  life  for  a  number  of  years. 
In  1910  he  was  appointed  Counsel  for 
Minors  in  Talca,  and  some  time  later 
was  elected  Mayor  of  that  city,  a  post 
which  he  held  for  three  years.  During 
his  term  of  office  he  did  much  to  im- 
prove the  system  of  water  works  of  the 
city.  In  1918  he  was  elected  Deputy 
for  Tarapaca,  and  in  January,  1920,  was 
chosen  President  of  the  Executive  Com- 
mittee of  the  Liberal  Democratic  Party. 
Senor  Blanlot  is  the  author  of  numer- 
ous pamphlets  of  a  political  nature, 
and   has  contributed   many  articles   to 


HISPANIC    NOTES 


BLANLOT  HOLLEY 


43 


I  the   newspapers   and   magazines  of  his 

"country.  He  was  editor  of  «La  Tribu- 

na»  in  1889.  «La  Naci6n»,  in  1890,  and 

held  a  similar  post  on  «La  Republica* 

and    «La    Nueva    Republica»    in    1892, 

and  on    «E1   Liberal    Democrdtico*,   in 

1896.  He  is  the  author  of  a  historical 

novel,  Revolucion,  published  in   Buenos 

Aires  in  1894  and  a  Ilistoria  de  la  Cue- 

j  rra   entre   Chile  y  el  Peru,    1879-1884, 

I  published  in  Arica  in  1909,  a  work  which 

I  has  been  twice  reprinted  at  the  expens^ 

of    the    government. 


AND     MONOGRAPHS 


l\ 


44  CHILEANS     OF     TO-DAY 


LEOPOLDO    URRUTIA 

Lawyer;  magistrate. 

Leopoldo  Urrutia,  the  son  of  Gener- 
al Basilio  Urrutia,  was  born  in  1849  and 
want  to  school  at  the  National  Institute 
in  Santiago  for  his  early  education. 
Thence  he  proceeded  to  the  Univer- 
sity and  entered  upon  his  law  studies 
which  he  completed  in  1872,  choosing 
for  his  doctoral  thesis  the  subject  of 
the  usufruct  of  the  wife's  property 
by  the  husband.  In  the  year  1869,  while 
I  still  a  University  student,  he  was  ap- 
i  pointed  clerk  in  the  Department  of 
Engineering  and,  after  several  official 
posts  of  a  similar  character,  became 
Secretary  to  the  Governor  of  Linares, 
Professor  in  its  Liceo,  and  Attorney 
for    the    department. 

At    a   later   date    he   was    appointed 


IV 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


U  R  R  U  T  I  A  45 


Judge  for  Santiago,  Curic6,  Cauquenes 
and  San  Fernando,  as  well  as  Judge 
in  the  Criminal  and  Commercial  Courts 
of  Valparaiso.  For  a  time  he  was  Judge 
of  the  Santiago  Court  of  Appeals  and 
finally  was  chosen  President  of  the  Sup- 
reme Court  of  Justice. 

Dr.  Urrutia  is  a  member  of  the  Law 
Faculty  of  the  University  where  he  has  I 
been  responsible  for  the  courses  in  Civil 
Law ;  he  is  also  a  member  of  the  Com-  j 
mittee    of    Public    Instruction    and    is 
Councillor  of  State.  He  has  formed  one ! 
of   the   Commission   that  prepared   the  | 
bill  for  codifying  the  procedure  of  the  j 
Civil    Courts,    and   for   the   revision   of 
the  mining  laws.   Besides  these  purely 
legal  activities,  he  is  a  member  of  both 
the    Fine   Arts'    and   Arts   and   Crafts' 
Committees,   as   well   as  of   the   board 
of  directors  of  the  Deaf  and  Dumb  Asy- 
lum. 


AND     MONOGRAPHS  IV 


•CHILEANS     OF    TO-DAY 


JUAN  N.   ESPEJO  VARAS 


ReUor  of  the  National 
Institute. 


Juan  N.  Espejo,  the  son  of  the  Chil- 
ean writer  Juan  Nepomuceno  Espejo 
and  Luisa  Varas,  was  born  in  Santiago 
on  the  twentieth  of  January,  1860.  He 
entered  the  National  Institute  in  1869, 
and  after  graduating  in  Philosophy 
and  Letters,  turned  to  the  study  of  the 
law  and  obtained  his  degree  as  Licent- 
iate and  his    title  of   Advocate  in  1883. 

He  has  devoted  himself  to  the  teach- 
ing profession  since  the  year  1880  when 
he  received  his  first  appointment, 
that  of  assistant  teacher  of  Spanish 
grammar  in  the  Institute,  of  which  he 
was  five  years  later  chosen  vice-Rec- 
tor, and  in  1887  Rector.  The  duties  at- 
tached to  this  responsible  post  he  has 
left  unfulfilled   for  one  year  only,  when  ! 


IV  HISPANIC     NOTES 


Juan  N.  Espejo. 


ESPEJO    VARAS 


47 


with  the  rank  of  Major,  acting  as  Ad- 
jutant to  General  Vergara,  he  joined 
the  revolutionary  forces  arrayed  against 
President  Balmaceda. 

In  1883  he  was  named  Secretary,  of 
Legation  to  accompany  Jos6  V.  Las- 
tarria,  on  the  latter's  nomination  as 
Minister  Plenipotentiary  to  Uruguay 
and  Argentina.  A  few  years  afterwards 
i  he  was  elected  to  Congress  as  substit- 
'  ute-Deputy. 

Dr.  Espejo  has  formed  one  of  the 
directorate  of  the  Santiago  Atheneum 
since  its  foundation  in  1898  and  is  be- 
sides a  member  of  the  Faculty  of  Phil- 
osophy and  Letters  in  the    University. 

During  his  stay  in  Montevideo  he 
contributed  to  «La  Raz6n»  and  «E1 
Ateneo  de  Uruguay »;  later,  in  1886, 
he  wrote  for  the  art  review  «E1  Sal6n», 
for  «E1  Heraldo»,  «La  Ley»,  «La  Epo- 
ca»,  and  «Zigzag».  More  recently  he  has  i 
translated  into  Spanish  verse  and  pu- 
blished some  of  the  compositions  of  i 
the  Bengal  poet  Rabindranath   Tagore. 


AND     MONOGRAPHS 


I\- 


48 

CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 

1 

ENRIQUE  BERMUDEZ  DE  LA  PAZ 

,                      Public  man. 

Enrique  Bermudez  de  la  Paz  was 
born  in  the  town  of  Los  Andes  on  the 
fifth   of   May,    1878,    and   received   his 
early  education  in   the  schools  of  San  ; 
Felipe  and  Valparaiso.  After  graduation 
he  took    up    the  study    of     the     Law, 
received    his    degree    as    Licentiate    in 
April,    1902,    and   a   few   months   later 
the  title    of  Advocate.                    »            ! 

In   1906  he  was  elected  to  the  Val- 
paraiso   Municipal    Council;    in    May 
of   the   same   year   he   became   Mayor, 
and  fulfilled  the  duties  of  this  post  until 
1909;  in   that  year  he  was  elected   to 
the  Chamber  of  Deputies  as  represent- 
!  ative    of    Valparaiso    and    Casablanca, 
1  and   has   been   re-elected    without    in- 
termission  up  to  the  legislative  period 

IV 

HISPANIC     NOTES 

Enrique  Bermudez  de  la  Paz. 


BERMUDEZ    DE    LA    PAZ 


that  terminates  in  1921.  He  served  as 
vice-President  of  the  Chamber  from 
June  to  October  1918,  as  Minister  of 
War  and  Marine  from  November  1918 
to  September  1919,  and  as  Minister  of 
the  Interior  from  September  to  Nov- 
ember,   1919. 

Senor  Bermudez  de  la  Paz  is  a  mem- 
ber of  many  Chambers  of  Commerce, 
and  Employer's  Associations  through- 
out the  Republic.  In  1907  he  received 
the  distinction  of  the  Legion  d'hon- 
neur,  as  well  as  the  Silver  Medal  of  the 
Spanish  Red  Cross  Society. 


49 


AND     MONOGRAPHS 


I\ 


50 


CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 


IV 


GUILLERMO    RIVERA 

Lawyer;  public  man;  orator. 

GuiLLERMO  Rivera  was  born  in 
1868  at  Concepci6n.  He  studied  in  the 
National  Institute  whence  he  proceed- 
ed to  the  University  to  prepare  for 
the  legal  profession  and  in  1889  won 
his  degree  as  Licentiate  in  Law. 

His  career  in  the  public  service  began 
in  1884  as  Clerk  in  the  Ministry  of  For- 
eign Affairs;  in  1889  he  was  promoted 
to  the  supervision  of  the  Consular  Ser- 
vice Department,  and  during  the  revol- 
utionary year  of  1891  he  officiated  both 
as  under-Secretary  of  Foreign  Affairs 
and  as  private  secretary  to  President 
Balmaceda. 

After  the  latter's  deposition,  Senor 
Rivera  settled  in  Valparaiso  and  de- 
voted himself  to  his  legal  practice.  One 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


Guillermo  (Rivera. 


RIVERA  51 


of  the  cases  which  he  undertook  in  1892 
was  the  defence  of  the  Chilian  sailors 
•engaged  in  the  troublesome  affair  of 
the  « Baltimore »  in  Valparaiso  harbour, 
a  defence  that  firmly  established  his 
reputation  as  a  jurist. 

He  has  lectured  on  International 
Law  in  the  Lyceum  of  Valparaiso;  he 
has  officiated  as  City  Councillor  and 
as  Director  of  the  Elementary  Educa- 
tion Committee,  and  has  been  a  diligent 
member  of  the  Temperance  and  Poor 
Students'  Societies  as  well  as  of  the 
Board  of  Charities. 

He  entered  political  life  in  1900  when  i 
he  was  elected  Deputy  on  the  Liberal  | 
ticket  and  was  a  member  of  the  Cham- 
ber as  Deputy  for  Valparaiso  till  1908; 
in    1901    he   played   an   active   part  in ' 
furthering  the  candidacy  of  Senor  Ries- 
co   for   the   Presidency;   from    1904   till' 
1905    he   was   Minister  of  Justice  and  | 
Public   Instruction,   and   from    1909  to  j 
1915  he  was  Senator  for  the  province  I 
of   Valparaiso. 


ATV  D     MONOGRAPHS  IV 


52     I      CHILEANS     OF    TO-DAY 


He  served  as  one  of  the  members  of 
the  Commission  appointed  to  repres- 
ent the  Senate  at  the  Argentina  Cen- 
tenary celebrations  of  1910.  Two  years 
later  he  was  Minister  of  the  Interior 
and  ex-officio  Premier,  and  in  1916  was 
named  Councillor  of  State.  In  the  same 
year  he  was  defeated  for  re-election  to 
the  Senate,  but  in  1918,  after  a  close- 
ly contested  election,  he  was  again  chos- 
en to  represent  the  province  of  Valpa- 
raiso, and  soon  afterwards  was  made 
leader  of  the  Liberal  party,  of  which 
he  is  considered  one  of  the  ablest  orat- 
ors. 


IV 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


Augusto  Orrego  Luco 


ORREGO     LUCU  53 


AUGUSTO  ORREGO  LUCO 

Physician;  writer;  public  man. 

AuGUSTO  Orrego  Lugo,  the  son 
of  Antonio  Orrego  y  Garmendia  and 
Rosalia  Luco  de  Orrego,  was  born  on 
the  second  of  May,  1848,  in  Valpa- 
raiso, attended  the  English  school  there, 
and  for  a  year  the  National  Institute 
in  Santiago,  completing  his  education 
thereafter  in  Valparaiso.  In  1865  he  en- 
tered the  University,  essaying  both  law 
and  medicine  at  the  same  time;  the  for- 
mer he  soon  relinquished  but  pursued 
his  medical  studies  till  in  1873  he  won 
his  degree  as  Doctor.  For  his  doctoral 
thesis,  which  dealt  with  hallucina- 
tions, and  propounded  a  like  theory  to 
that  of  the  French  Doctor  Luys,  he  was 
elected  to  the  French  Academy  of  Scien- 


AND     MONOGRAPHS  I\ 


54 


CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 


ces.   In   1874  he  was  appointed  Profes- 
sor of  Anatomy  in  the  Medical  School. 
When    the   War  of  the  Pacific  broke 
out  in  1879  he  was  placed  in  command 
of  the  garrison  of  Santiago,   and  from 
1881  to  1891  he  was  city  Physician  in 
Santiago.    From    1891    to    1896  he  was 
Director   of    the    Medical    School     and 
on    the    inauguration    of    the    chair   of 
mental  diseases  in   1891  was  chosen  to 
occupy   it  and   held   it   until    1907.    In 
j  1893  he  became  a  charter  member  of 
:  the  Medical  Association  and  since  1894 
j  has  been  Academic  member  of  the  Fac- 
!  ulty  of  Medicine.  In  1918  he  was  named 
Corresponding    Member   of    the    Royal 
{ Spanish    Academy.    On    his    speciality 
I  of    cerebral    diseases    and    his    theories 
thereon  he  has  produced  many  studies 
and  several   treatises. 

In  political  journalism  he  first  figured 
in  1865  as  contributor  to  a  periodical 
circulated  in  manuscript,  and  after- 
wards wrote, — for  «E1  Ferrocarril»,  for 
«E1  Mercurio»  and  for  the   leading   re- 


IV 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


ORKEGU     LUCO 


55 


views,  such  as  «La  RevistaChilena*,  of 
which  he  was  at  one  time  editor,  and 
the  «Revista  de  Santiago*,  of  which 
he  was  co-founder, -both  political  and 
psychological  studies,  one  series  in  the 
last  named  review  dealing  with  the 
character  of  Lord  Bryon.  In  1896  he 
was  elected  President  of  the  Press  As- 
sociation. 

He  entered  the  Chamber  of  Deput- 
ies for  Santiago  in  1876,  and  represent- 
ing other  electoral  districts  and  acting 
as  its  President  in  1886,  there  contin- 
ued till  in  1888  came  the  breach  with 
President  Balmaceda,  whose  deposition 
from  office  Dr.  Orrego  endorsed  in 
1891,  the  year  of  the  revolution. 

On  the  advent  of  the  Err^zuriz  admin-  \ 
istration  in  1896,  he  became  Minister 
of  the  Interior,  and  ex-officio  Premier, 
and  in  the  next  year  Minister  of  Educ-  ; 
ation.  The  last  named  office  he  held  | 
again  in  1916  in  the  first  cabinet  of  Pres-  j 
ident  Sanfuentes.  ' 


AND     MONOGRAPHS 


I\ 


56 


CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 


JUAN  ENRIQUE  LAGARRIGUE 

j  Positivist  philosopher. 

Juan  Enrique  Lagarrigue,  the  son 
of  Juan  Lagarrigue  and  Aurora  Ales- : 
sandri,  was  born  on  the  twenty-eighth  of  i 
January,     1852,    in    Valparaiso.    After  i 
graduating  from  the  National  Institute 
of  Santiago  he  entered  the  University 
and  followed   the  courses  in  Law  until  i 
in  1876  he  was  admitted  to  the  Bar. 

As  early  as  1875  he  began  to  dissem- 
inate the  doctrines  of  the  Positivist 
philosophy  in  a  series  of  articles  wihch 
appeared  in  the  Revista  Chilena  and 
which  three  years  later  were  collected 
and  published  in  a  volume  under  the 
title  of  Bocetos  Filosoficos,  In  879, 
again  in  the  Revista  Chilena,  he  pro- 
duced a  second  series  of  articles  dealing 
with  the  laws  of  history  which  also  ap- 


IV  HISPANIC    NOTES 


LAGARRIGUE 


peared  subsequently  in  book  form.  He 
visited  Europe  in  1882  and  spent  some 
time  in  Paris  becoming  acquanted  with 
.the  French  positivist  philosophers  and 
conversant  with  their  ideas;  the  results 
of   his    further   studies   and   experience 
were  embodied  in  the  volume  entitled 
La  Religion  de  la  Humanidad  published 
in  1884.  This  work  aroused  considerable  , 
interest  and  drew  forth  from  the  emin-  I 
ent  Spanish  writer  Juan  Valera,  a  ser- ' 
ies   of   critical   articles   in     the    Impar- 
cial   of  Madrid. 

In   the  year   1890,  when   the  shadow 
of  the  revolution  that  broke  out  in  the ; 
following    year     was     already     visible,  j 
he  published   two  brief  studies  on   the 
political  situation,  entlitled    Manijiesto , 
Positivista  sobre  la  acttial  Crisis  Politica, 
and  Dictdmen  Positivista  sobre  el  Con- ' 
flicto  entre  el  Gobierno  y  el  Congreso.  He 
has  continued  throughout  his  career  to 
proclaim    and    defend    his    positivistic , 
views  with  serenity  and  unfailing  good- ! 
humor.  His  principal  works  are:  La  se- 


AND     MONOGRAPHS  IV 


58 


CHILEANS     OF     TO-DAY 


paracion  de  la  Iglesia  y  del  Estado,  San- 
tiago, 1884;  El  Trdnsito  a  la  Religion 
de  la  Humanidad,  Santiago,  1884,  and 
j  a  series  of  letters,  beginning  with  the 
Carta  a  Don  Juan  Valera,  issued  in 
1888,  addresed  to  notable  persons  such 
as  Emperor  William  II,  Archbishop 
Ireland,  Tolstoi,  Czar  Nicholas  II  and 
Max  Nordau. 


IV 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


P  R  A  D  O  .      59 


PEDRO  PRADO 

Artist;  (rilic:  writer. 


Pedro  Prado  was  born  on  the  eighth 
of  October,   1886,  in  Santiago  and   re- 
ceived his  education  there  in  the  Nation- 
al Institute  which  he  left  to  follow  the 
courses  of  architecture  at  the  Univers- 
ity, but  did    not    complete    them.    Al- 
though he  is  not  an  architect  by  profes- 
sion,  he  is  nevertheless  responsible  for 
more  than  one  addition   to   the  build- 1 
ings  of  Santiago,  to  whose  improvement ' 
he    has    likewise    contributed    both    by  i 
his  work  as  a  member  of  the  Fine  Arts 
Committee  and  by  his  critical  articles 
and   essays   in    the   leading   reviews   of 
the  day. 

He  has  served  as  President  of  the 
Students'  Federation,  was  delegate  to 
the  second  Students'  Congress  held  in 


AND     MONOGRAPHS  IV 


60     !      CHILEANS     OF    TO-DAY 


1910  at  Buenos  Aires,  and  to  the  third 
Congress  held  in  1912  at  Lima. 

Sr.  Prado  is  known  as  a  painter  and 
as    a    sculptor,     but    he    has    achieved 
a  far  wider  reputation  in   the  field  of 
literature  with  his  work  as  a  poet  and 
novelist.    His    first    volume    of    poems 
El  Llamado  del  Mundo,  was  published 
in   Santiago  in    1913;  Pdjaros  Err  antes 
and  Los  Diez  appeared  in  1915.  Flores 
de   Cardo.   in    1908;  his  first  novel   La\ 
Reina  de  Rapa  Nui,  of  which  the  scene  \ 
is  laid   in    Easter   Island,   in    1915.     In  j 
1913    he   issued   a   collection   of  essays; 
entitled  Casa  Abandonada,  and  in  1916 
a    second    collection    of    Ensayos    sobre 
Poesia  y  Arquitedura.  I 


IV  HISPANIC     NOTES 


DEL    SOLAR 


01 


ALBERTO    DEL    SOLAR 

Soldier;  writer;  diplomat.  • 

Alberto  del  Solar,  the  son  of  Do- 
mingo del  Solar  and  Virginia  Navarrete, 
was  born  in  Santiago  in  1860.  He  re- 
ceived his  education  in  the  National 
Institute,  but  in  1879  he  abandoned 
the  schools  to  take  part  in  the  War  of 
the  Pacific  where  he.  fought  in  nearly 
every  battle  and  retired  at  its  close 
with  the  rank  of  Captain. 

Appointed  to  the  Legation  Staff 
in  1886,  he  accompanied  Admiral  Lynch 
and  Jose  Toribio  Medina  to  Madrid 
where  he  was  soon  elected  a  member  of 
the  Artists  and  Writers'  Society  and 
awarded  by  King  Alfonso  the  Cross 
of  the  order  of  Charles  IL  In  the  year 
following  he  was  transferred  as  Milit- 
ary attache  to  Paris  and  there  turned 


AND     MONOGRAPHS 


IV 


62 


CHILEANS     OF     TO-DAY 


his  attention   to  authorship,  contribut-  j 
ing  articles,  over  the  nom  de  plume   of 
Abel  de  Sorralto,  to  many  of  the  leading  | 
reviews,     especialy     noteworthy     being  i 
two   studies   devoted    to  literary  move-  \ 
ments    in    South     America,     published 
in    «La   Revista   Internacional»    and   in 
«E1  Espectador».  At  this  time  also  he 
produced  a  book  of  travel  entlited  De 
Castilla  a  Andalucia,  a  volume   of  cam- 
paigning reminiscences,  Pdginas  de    mi  i 
diario  de  campana,  and  a  novel  Huinca-  \ 
hual,  dealing  with  Araucanian  customs,  I 
which  was  favorably  received    by   com-  ; 
petent  critics. 

On  his  return  from  Europe  in  1890, 
Sr.  del  Solar  fixed  his  residence  in  the  ' 
Argentine  capital  and  continued  his 
work  as  an  author  and  a  defender  of 
Chilean  ideals.  His  satirical  novel  Ras- 
taquouere  added  greatly  to  his  reputa- 
tion both  in  Europe  and  in  America. 
In  1891,  on  the  inauguration  in  Buenos 
Aires  of  a  branch  of  the  Royal  Spanish 
Academ}^   there   aro»e  in   the  column^ 


IV 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


DEL    SOLAR  (>S 


oC  «La  Naci6n»  a  debate  on  the  Spanish 
language  in  which  Sr.  del  Solar  warmly 
maintained  the  right  of  South  America 
to  develope  the  language  on  its  own 
lines.  In  the  same  year  he  published 
several  historical  studies  and  articles  de- 
fending the  aims  and  attitude  of  Chile 
in  international  matters,  and  was  es- 
pecially zealous  in  the  controversy  with 
the  United  States  in  the  affair  of  the 
«Baltimore»  in  Valparaiso  harbour. 

Still  resident  in  Buenos  Aires,  Sr. 
del  Solar  continues  both  by  his  writ- 
ings and  lectures  to  disseminate  inform- 
ation about  his  own  country  and  South 
America    generally. 

Among  his  books,  some  of  which 
have  already  been  mentioned,  are:  Pa- 
ginas  de  mi  Diario  de  Campana,  Pans, 
1888;  De  CastiUa  a  Andalucia,  Paris, 
1889;  Rastaquouere,  Buenos  Aires,  1890; 
Valbuenismo  y  Valbuenadas,  Buenos 
Aires,  1893;  Contra  la  iMarea,  Buenos 
Aires,    1894. 


AND     MONOGRAPHS  W 


CHILEANS     OF     TO-DAY 


ALEJANDRO    FUENZALIDA 
GRANDON 


.     Journalist;  educationalist. 

Alejanro  Fuenzalida  Grandon, 
the  son  of  Jose  Fuenzalida  and  Eusebia 
Grandon,  was  born  in  1865  at  Copiap6. 
He  received  his  education  in  the  Liceo 
of  Atacama  and  thence  passed  to  the 
University  where  the  degree  of  Licen- 
tiate in  Law  was  conferred  on  him  in 
1889.  While  still  a  law-student  he  con- 
tributed freely  to  «E1  Atacameno»  and 
and  to  «E1  Positivista»,  the  organ  of 
the  Comtist  school. 

He  was  appointed  inspector  to  the 
National  Institute  in  1885,  and  to  the 
University  in  1889,  after  three  years 
being  transferred  to  the  Ministry  of 
Public  Instruction  where  he  remained 
until    1899. 


IV 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


FUENZALIDA    GRAN  DON 

From  1894  till  the  year  1918  he  was! 
Professor    of    Geography    and    Histor>' ' 
in     the    National     Institute;     Professor 
of  Administrative  law  in   the  Univers- 
ity,  1900-1901;  of    Constitutional    law. 
in    the    High    School    of   Commerce   in  | 
1902;   of   Aesthetics   in    the   School    of  | 
Art  from  1909  to  1918,  and  of  History 
in    the   Pedagogic    Institute   from    1913 1 
to  1918.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Faculty  ! 
of  Philosophy  and  Fine  Arts  and  since 
1890  has  sat  on  the  Board  of  Hniversity 
Examiners. 

On  several  occasions  he  has  been 
chosen  delegate  of  the  Chilean  gov- 
ernment to  the  meetings.of  international 
scientific  societies,  of  many  of  which 
he  is  a  member,  and  in  1911  he  was 
charged  with  a  study  of  the  Prussian 
state  system  of  instruction  and  of  the 
organization  of  Public  Miisennis  in 
Europe. 

After  thirty-four  years  of  service  as 
an  educationalist.  Dr.  Fuenzalida  was 
honorably  pensioned  in   1918  and  now 


AND     MONOGRAPHS  i\ 


66 


CHILEANS     OF     TO-DAY 


devotes  himself,  under  the  auspicies 
of  the  State  University,  to  the  prepar- 
ation of  a  definitive  edition  of  the 
works  of  Jose  V.  Lastarria  and  of  Ba- 
rros  Arana.  Articles  from  Dr.  Fuen- 
zalida's  pen  have  appeared  in  all  the 
Chilean  periodicals  of  note  and  among 
his  published  works,  are:  El  valor  his- 
torico  de  la  novela  contempordnea,  1889; 
Historia  del  desarrollo  intelectual  de 
Chile,  1903;  La  evolucion  social  de  Chile, 
1906;  and  Lastarria  y  su  tiempo,  2  vols. 
1913. 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


BARROS     B0RG05J0 


LUIS    BARROS    BORGONO 

Public  man. 

Luis  Barros  Borgono,  the  son  of 
Manuel  Barros  Arana  and  Eugenia 
Borgono  de  Barros,  was  born  in  San- 
tiago on  the  twenty-sixth  of  May,  1858. 
He  received  his  secondary  education 
in  the  National  Institute  from  which 
he  graduated  in  1876  with  the  degree 
of  Bachelor  of  Philosophy  and  Letters. 
He  continued  his  studies  in  the  Law 
School  of  the  University  of  Chile,  de- 
voting part  of  his  time  to  the  teaching  of 
history  in  the  National  Institute,  and 
in  1880  was  admitted  to  the  Bar. 

In  1883  he  was  appointed  to  the  Chair 
of  Documentary  History  in  the  Pedag- 
ogical Institute,  and  in  the  same  year 
placed  at  the  head  of  the  Diplomatic 
Section  in  the  Ministry  of  Foreign    Re- 


67 


AND     MONOGRAPHS 


IV 


68 


CHILEANS     OF     T  0-D  A  Y 


latlons.  As  a  result  of  his  competency 
in  this  department  he  was  selected  for 
a  special  mission  to  the  General  Head- 
quarters of  the  Army  of  Occupation 
in  Lima.  In  1884  he  obtained  in  open 
competition  the  post  of  reporter  to  the 
Supreme  Court  and  held  this  position 
until  1889  when  was  invited  to  assume 
the  portfolio  of  War  and  the  Navy  in 
the  cabinet  formed  by  Sanchez  Fon- 
tecilla.  In  consequence  of  disagree- 
ments with  President  Balmaceda,  the 
entire  .cabinet  resigned  in  January,  1890. 
During  the  year  that  followed  Sefior 
Barros  Borgono  acted  as  secretary  of 
the  Liberal  Convention,  Director  of  the 
united  political  group,  and  member 
of  the  special  committee  charged  with 
organizing  the  military  elements  for 
the  revolution  which  was  soon  to  follow. 
On  January  7,  1891,  at  the  outbreak 
of  the  revolution,  an  order  for  his  arrest 
was  issued,  but  he  succeeded  in  avoid- 
ing detention  and  remained  in  Santiago 
during   the   stormy   days  of   the   party 


IV 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


B  A  R  R  O  S     B  C)  R  G  U  \  U 

struggle.  After  the  decisive  battle  of* 
Placilla,  he  was  appointed  by  General 
Baquedano  provisional  Secretary  of  War 
until  the  Government  committee  could 
arrive  from  Iquique.  In  Septeml)er, ' 
1891,  he  was  appointed  treasurer  pro 
tern,  and  in  January,  1892,  treasurer 
of  the  Caja  de  Credito  Hipotecario, 
a  post  which  he  held  until  1901.  ; 

In  March,  1892,  he  was  appointed 
Minister  of  War  and  the  Navy,  and 
in  1894,  Minister  of  Foreign  Relations. 
In  this  capacity  he  materially  advanc- 1 
ed  the  final  adjustment  of  Chile's  re- 
lations with  Bolivia.  During  the  polit- 
ical crisis  at  the  end  of  the  administra- 
tion of  President  Jorge  Montt,  it  fell 
to  Senor  Barros  Borgono  to  form  a  new 
cabinet,  in  which  he  again  held  the  post 
of  Minister  of  War  and  the  Navy,  a  pe- 
culiarly difficult  position,  as  war  with 
Argentina  seemed  imminent 

At  the  present  time  Senor  liaitur> 
is  Manager  of  the  Caja  de  Cr6dito 
Hipotecario,  and  during    the    adminis- 


AND     MONOGRAPHS  l\ 


70 


CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 


tration  of  President  Sanfuentes  has 
held  the  post  of  Minister  of  Foreign 
Relations,  in  which  capacity  he  signed 
for  Chile  the  pact  of  the  League  of  Na- 
tions. 

He  is  a  member  of  the  Faculty  of  the 

University  of  Chile,   and   at  one   time 

was  Dean  of  the  Faculty  of  Philosophy 

and    Letters.    He    is    President    of    the 

Union   Club  and  one  of  the  rnembers 

of  the  Chilean  Academy.    Besides  fre- 

I  quent    contributions    to    the    principal 

magazines  of  his  country,  he  has  pub- 

I  lished    numerous    works    on    education 

I  and   history,   among   them,   La   Mision 

:  del  Vicario    Apostolico  Dn.  Juan  Muzzi, 

•(1823-1825),    1883;   El    Vice-Almirante 

Dn.  Patricio  Lynch,  1886;  Las  reformas 

\  de  la  ensenanza  secundaria,  1888;  Com- 

\  pendio  de  historia  antigua  de  los  Pueblos 

\de  Oriente,  1888;  La  Caja  de  Credito  Hi- 

potecarioj    1897;  La  negociacion  chileno- 

I  boliviana,  1897. 


IV 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


VALDKS     \  ALL)  Lb  71 


ISMAEL  VALDES  VALDES 

Public  official. 

IsMAEL  Valdes  Valdes,  the  son  of 
Manuel  Valdes  Vigil  who  was  at  one 
time  Senator  and  Governor  of  Santiago, 
and  Magdalena  Valdes,  was  born  in 
1859  in  Santiago  de  C^hile  and  there 
received  his  education  at  the  National 
Institute  and  afterwards  at  the  Univ- 
ersity where  he  obtained  his  degree  in 
Civil  Engineering.  His  energies  were 
early  applied  to  teaching  and  to  all 
that  related  to  the  betterment  of  civic 
conditions:  For  several  years  he  was 
on  the  staff  of  the  Abraham  Lincoln 
School;  he  assisted  in  the  foundation 
of  the  Temperance  League  as  well  as 
the  Society  for  the  Protection  of  Child- 
ren, whose  regulations  in  1912  he  helped 
to  frame,  and  for  a  long  period  he  was  a 

AND     MONOGRAPHS  I\ 


72 


CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 


I  member  of  the  volunteer  Fire  Brigade. 

I  His  political  career  began  in  1885 
when  he  entered  Congress  as  Deputy 
for  San  Fernando,  a  district  which  he 
represented  continously  until  1897,  and 
for  which  he  was  elected  again  in  1903. 
In  the  years  1894-5,  and  1904-5,  he  was 
President  of  the  Chamber  and  during 
his  term  of  office  achieved  many  useful 
reforms  in  Parliamentary  practice  whose 
rules  are  collated  in  his  Prdcticas  Par- 
lamentarias ,  a  book  which  has  run  into 
many  editions  and  is  regarded  as  a  Vade 
mecum  in  its  subject.  He  was  Minister 
of  War  in  1889  during  the  Administra- 
tion of  President  Balmaceda,  but  took 
the  side  of  the  constitutional  party  in 
the  Revolution  and  held  office  in  1905 
under  President  Montt,  again  as  Min- 1 
ister  of  War.  He  was  a  member  of  the  j 
Senate  from  1906  to  1912,  first  for  Col- 1 
chagua  and  afterwards  for  Santiago,  j 
and  for  the  same  period  served  as  Pres- 1 
ident  of  the  Liberal  Party. 


IV 


HISPANIC    NOTES 


Julio  Vicuna  Cifuentes. 


VICUNACIFUENTES  73 


JULIO  VICUNA  CIFUENTES      ; 

Author;  editor;  critic.      I  | 


Julio   Vicuna   Cifuentes,    the  son ! 
of   Benjamin  Vicuna  Solar,  distinguish- 
ed both    as  a  poet    and  a  pubHc  man, 
and    Eudocia    Cifuentes    Larrilla,    was 
born    in    La    Serena,    province   of   Co- 
quimbo,   on   the   first  of   March,    1865. 
He  went  to  school  in  his  native  town, 
entering   the   Seminary     at   the  age  of 
nine  and  five  years  later  going  to   the 
Liceo.  After  another  period  of  five  years 
he  won  his  degree  of  Bachelor  of  Arts 
and    Philosophy    from    the    University 
!of    Chile.  Thereupon,  in     1884,    he    re- 
'  moved  to  Santiago,  intending  to   study 
I  Law,   but  his  over-mastering  vocation 
for   literature,    which    had   already   led 
j  him  while  still  at  school  to  contribute 
t  verses  and  articles  to  the  papers  of  La 


AND    MONOGRAPHS  IV 


74  CHILEANS     OF    TO-DAY 


I  Serena,  now  drew  him  irresistibly  to 
I  the  literary  career.  Abandoning  the 
,  law  he  began  a  rapid  and  varied  pro- 
i  duction  in  verse  and  prose,  contributing 
'  freely  stories,  articles  and  poems  to 
practically  all  of  the  periodicals  of  the 
:  capital.  He  served  also  as  Editor  of  La 
Revista  Comica  and,  notwithstanding 
his  laborious  and  productive  literary 
;  activity,  undertook  also  the  duties 
j  of  instructor  in  Spanish  in  the  Miguel 
I  Amunategui  School. 
!  In  course  of  time  he  gave  himself  with 
'  increasing  interest  to  linguistics  and 
j  Folk-Lore.  In  this  latter  field  he  has 
;  been  recognized  as  one  of  the  leading 
j  authorities  in  Chile  and  his  contribu- 
I  tions  on  the  subject  have  been  highly 
i  valued  on  both  continents. 
I  Sr.  Vicuna  Cifuentes  has  been  honor- 
I  ed  by  election  to  learned  societies  at 
home  and  abroad :  he  is  a  member  of 
;  the  permanent  commission  for  the  pub- 
lication of  the  Library  of  Chilean  Aut- 
I  hors,   of    the    Council  of    Letters  and 


IV     !  HISPANIC     NOTES 


VICUNA    CIFUENTKS 


I  Music;  of  the  Chilean  Academy,  of 
the  Faculty  of  Arts  of  the  Universitv', 
of  the  Historical  and  Geographical  Ins- 
titute of  San  Pablo  (Brazil)  and  Charter 
member  of  the  Folk-Lore  Societ>'  of 
Chile.  * 

Among  his  published  works  are:  La 
muerte  de  LaiUaro,  Santiago,  1898;  Las 
poesias  Americanas  del  poeta  brasilero 
Antonio  Gonfdlez  Diaz,  Santiago,  1903; 
La  Aurora  de  Chile,  (a  republication 
of  the  first  Chilian  newspaper,  issued 
in  1812),  Santiago,  1903;  Instruccio- 
nes  para  recoger  de  la  tradicion  oral  las 
romances  popular es,  Santiago,  1905; 
Recuerdos  (a  collection  of  his  father's 
poems,  with  Introduction  and  Notes) 
Santiago,  1906;  Coa:  Jerga  de  los  delin- 
cuentes  chilenos.  Estudio  y  vocabulario, 
Santiago,  1910;  Romances  populares  y 
vulgares  recogidos  de  la  tradicion  oral  de 
Chile;  Versificacion  Castellana:  Sobre  el 
imaginario  verso  ydmbico  de  trece  silabas; 
Tres  breves  disertaciones:  (1)  De  los  ver- 
sos disilabos,  trisilabos  y  tetrasilabos,  (2) 


AND    MONOGRAPHS  IV 


76 


IV 


CHILEANS    OF    T  0-D  A  Y 


Del  agudo  en  el  heptasilabo  de  la  copla 
de  seguidilla,  (J)  Del  esdrujulo  en  la  ce- 
^sura  del  endecasilabo,  y  sobre  un  verso 
imaginario;  Replica,  Santiago,  1919 
Las  Narraciones  en  prosa  en  la  literatura 
popular  chilena,  Santiago,    1920. 


HISPANIC    NOTES 


B  I  A  N  C  H 


77 


GUILLERMO  BIANCHI 

Writer. 

GuiLLERMO  BiANCHi,  better  known 
by  his  nom  de  plume  of  Shanty,  was 
born  on  the  thirty-first  of  May,  1897, 
in  Santiago,  and  was  educated  at  the 
National  Institute,  whose  courses  he 
completed  in   1912. 

After  a  short  experience  as  a  post- 
office  official,  he  joined  the  editorial  | 
staff  of  Las  Ultimas  Noticias,  a  San- 
tiago evening  paper,  and,  in  addition 
to  other  work  thereon,  is  responsible 
for  the  editorship  of  the  page  Artes  y 
Letras.  Besides  being  a  journalist  of 
repute,  he  is  a  popular  writer  of  short 
stories  that  appear  in  the  leading 
periodicals  of  the  day,  such  as  Zig- 
zag, and  the  Pacifico  Magazine.  In  1918 
he   collected   and   published   a   number 


AND    MONOGRAPHS 


W 


I 

78     I      CHILEANS     OF    TO-DAY 


of  these  short  stories  in  a  volume  with 
the  title  of  El  Cura  Sentimental,  which 
was  in  such  demand  as  to  be  now  out 
of  print.  His  comedy  El  Pecado  de 
Juventud  was  presented  in  the  Santiago 
Theatre  in  1919  by  the  Chilean  Comedy 
Company,  and  published  in  1920  by 
Messrs.  Lefevre,  and  a  drama  entitled 
Los  Precursores  is  promised  for  the 
next  theatrical  season.  He  has  in  hand 
also  a  new  novel  to  be  called  La  Vida 
Oficinesca. 

In  1919  he  was  appointed  reporter 
to  the  Commission  for  the  study  of  lab- 
our problems  in  the  Northern  prov- 
inces, and  his  work  in  this  capacity 
received  warm  commendation  in  the 
report  of  the  Commissioners. 

In  1917  he  was  elected  a  member 
of|the  Ateneo  of  Santiago,  and  in  1919, 
Director  of  the  Students'  Club. 


IV 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


BLANCO    VIEL 


VENTURA     BLANCO    VIEL 

Public  man 

Ventura  Blanco  Viel  was  born  i 
in  Santiago  on  the  second  of  May,  1847, 
the  son  of  the  eminent  Chilean  writer 
Manuel  Blanco  Cuartin  and  Elisa  Viel. 
He  studied  in  the  Santiago  Seminario 
and  then  entered  the  Law  School  of 
the  University  of  Chile,  remaining 
there  until  his  admission  to  the  Bar 
in   1872. 

He  made  his  entrance  into  public 
life  as  early  as  1867  when  he  was  ap- 
pointed Secretary  of  the  Chilean  Leg- 
}  ation  in  Bolivia.  He  remained  in  that 
country  a  year  and  on  his  return  to 
Chile  actively  associated  himself  with 
the  Conservative  Party.  On  two  oc- 
casions he  was  editor  of  El  Mercuric 
and  was  the  sole  editor  of  La  Aurora 


AND     MONOGRAPHS 


80 

CHILEANS     OF    TO-DAY 

r 

1 

j 

1 

which   bloomed  and   died  in    1870  and 
1871.   In   1873  he  was  elected  Deputy 
for  the  Department  of  Rancagua,  was 
chosen  Secretary  of  the  Chamber,  and 
for  six  consecutive  periods  was  re-elected 
by  his  constituents. 

When   the   Revolution    broke   out   in 
1891  Senor  Blanco  cast  in  his  lot  with 
the  Congressional  party  and  was  forced 
to  take  refuge  in  Buenos  Aires,  reach-  ■ 
ing  the  Argentina  capital  after  a  painful 
journey    through    the   province   of   An- 
tofagasta    across  the  Andes.  Appointed 
War    Counsellor    he    embarked    in    the 
Almirante  Blanco    Encalada,     the   flag- 
ship of   the    Congressional    forces    and 
took  part  in   the   Battle  of  Valparaiso. 
That  year   he   was   appointed   Minister 
of  War  and  the  Nav}^  and  two  years 
later,    Minister    of    Foreign    Relations, 
Worship  and  Colonization.   In   1896  he 
was  elected  Senator  from  the  Province 
of    Santiago,    in   1898  again  appointed 
Minister  of  War,  and  on  the  reorganiz- 
ation of  the  Cabinet  in     1899,  was  en- 

IV 

HISPANIC     NOTES 

HLANCU     VlEl.  .SI 


trusted  with  the    portfolio   of    Foreign  i 
Relations. 

Senor  Blanco  has  been  an  enthusiast- ' 
ic  promoter  of  public  instruction :  he  has 
served  at  one  time  or   another    as   Pro- 
fessor of  History  in  the  Military  ScIkkjI, 
Director  of  the  Society  of  Primary    In-  j 
struction,   Director  of    the    Evangelical  j 
Charitable   Institute,    and    member    of' 
the     Boards  of  Public  Instruction  and  j 
Public  Charities.  For  the  last  ten  years ! 
he  has  been  Manager  of  the   Guaranty 
Trust    Bank    (Banco    Garantizador   de 
Valores.). 


AND     MONOGRAPHS         .      IV 


82 


CHILEANS     OF    TO-DAY 


GREGORIO   AMUNATEGUI 


Surgeon;  Dean  of  the  Medical 
School  of  the  University  oj 
Chile. 


Gregorio  Amunategui,  the  son  of 
the  noted  historian  and  scholar,  Mi- 
guel Luis  Amunategui,  was  born  in 
Santiago  on  the  fifteenth  of  March, 
1868.  He  received  his  early  education 
in  the  National  Institute  from  which 
he  passed  to  the  Medical  School  of 
the  University  of  Chile.  Here  he  ob- 
tained his  degree  in  Medicine  and  Sur- 
gery in  October  1891,  on  presenting 
the  thesis,  Embarazo  extra-uterino,  which 
was  honored  by  publication  in  the  An- 
nals of  the  University. 

The  year  of  his  graduation  he  lent 
valuable  service  to  the  Constitutional 
forces  in  their  struggle  against  Pres- 
ident  Balmaceda,   and  at  the  close  of 


IV 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


/^^Uo    .y^^'^'^^' 


AMUNATEGUI 


83 


the  conflict  was  given  the  rank  of  Major 

in  the  Medical  Staff.  After  peace  was 

restored  he  was  sent  to  P^urope  by  the 

Ministry  of  Public  Instruction  to  study 

I  general    surgery  and     army  sanitation. 

I  He     remained    abroad    five   years  and 

i  spent  the  greater  part  of  his  time  in  Ber- 

I  lin    where  he  acted   as  assistant  in   the 

!  clinic  of   Professor  Bergmann. 

He  has  been  prominent  in  public 
affairs:  Upon  his  return  to  Chile  in 
1897  he  was  elected  Professor  of  Sur- 
gery in  the  Medical  School  of  the  Univ- 
ersity, a  position  which  he  holds  at  the 
present  time;  he  has  shared  largely  in 
the  organization  of  the  hospitals  of 
Santiago  where  he  has  performed  many 
remarkable  operations;  in  1915  he  was 
Minister  of  Public  Instruction,  and 
since  1916  has  been  a  member  of  the 
State  Council  of  Instruction;  he  is  a 
member  of  the  Santiago  Board  of  Pub- 
lic Charities,  and  has  been  Vice-Pres- 
ident of  the  Superior  Council  of  Char- 
ities in  which  is    centralized  .  the  com- 


AND    MONOGRAPHS 


IV 


84 


CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 


IV 


plex  service  of  Public  Aid  in  Chile;  and 
he  has  recently  been  commissioned 
to  visit  the  principal  countries  of  West- 
ern Europe  to  study  medical  education. 
He  has  been  a  member  of  many 
scientific  gatherings:  delegate  to  the 
International  Medical  Congress  in  Rome, 
1894,  to  the  General  Congress  of  Pub- 
lic Instruction  in  Santiago,  1902,  to  the 
Fourth  Scientific  Congress  in  Lima  in 
1908-9;  the  International  Congress 
held  in  Buenos  Aires  in  1910;  the  Pan- 
American  Congress  in  Lima  in  1913, 
and  the  Congress  of  Public  Charities 
in  Santiago  in  1917.  At  these  and  other 
scientific  gatherings  he  has  presented 
reports  and  papers  which  have  been 
recognized  as  valuable  contributions 
to  medical  science.  He  has  also  for  many 
years  been  a  constant  contributor  to 
the  medical  press  of  both  continents. 
In  addition  he  has  published:  Apun- 
tes  de  Cirugia,  Santiago,  1908,  which 
is  used  as  a  text-book  and  has  passed 
through  several  editions. 


HISPANIC    NOTES 


MONDACA     CORTES 


CARLOS    ROBERTO    MONDACA 
CORTES 

Teacher;  writer. 

Carlos  Roberto  Mondaca  Cortes, 

the   son   of  Juan    Jos6    Mondaca    and 

Virginia   Cortes,   was   born    in   Vicuna, 

.  province  of  Coquimbo,  on  the  twenty- 

I  ninth  of  November,   1881.  He  received 

his   early   education    in    the    Seminario 

j.La  Serena  and  in  1900  passed    the   ex- 

I  amination  for  the  degree  of  Bachelor  of 

Letters.  Choosing  for  his  life  work  the 

j  teaching     profession,     he    entered     the 

'  Pedagogical   Institute,  though  pursuing 

at  the  same  time  a  few  courses  in  the 

;  Law  School  of  the  Catholic  University. 

!  In    1903   he  fulfilled   the  necessary  re- 

cjuirements  for  his  degree  from  the  Ped- 

j  agogical     Institute     and     received     the 

I  title  of  State  Professor  of  Spanish. 


AND    MONOGRAPHS 


86 


CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 


Since   his  graduation   he   has   taught 

j  Spanish  in   the  Liceo  Santiago  and  in 

I  the   Liceo   Jose   V.    Lastarria.    In    1918 

he   was   appointed   Assistant   Secretary 

of   the   University   of   Chile   and   holds 

this   position    at   the   present   time.    In  j 

1910  he  published  a  volume  of  poetry  I 

entitled     For     los    Caminos,    and    later  | 

;  collaborated  with  Max  Jara  in     dram-  I 

atizmg  Blest  Gana's  famous  novel  Du-  i 

rante   la   Reconquista,    which    has    been  | 

produced  in  Santiago  with  considerable  ; 

success.    With    Max   Jara    he    has   also  I 

written   an  original   drama  entitled  La 

Ruina.  i 


IV 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


tCc 


VtC^SL^ 


jJKIm^ 


MACALLAN ES    MOURE 


87 


MANUEL    MACALLAN  ES    MUURL 


Poet;  painter;  critic. 


Manuel  Magallanes  Moure  was 
born  in  1878  at  La  Serena  and  gained 
his  schooling  at  the  National  Institute. 
In  1905  he  was  elected  by  popular  vote 
to  the  town  council  of  San  Bernardo, 
the  capital  of  La  Victoria,  and  in  1908, 
on  his  ce-election,  was  chosen  Mayor. 

Sr.  Magallanes  has  cultivated  several 
fields  of  artistic  endeavour;  he  is  a  con- 
stant exhibitor  at  the  Annual  Salons  of 
Santiago,  and  his  pictures  have  received, 
on  several  occasions,  honourable  men- 
tion from  the  jury.  His  work  as  a  critic 
and  writer  on  artistic  matters  has  for 
the  most  part  appeared  in  the  columns 
of  El  Mercurio  of  Santiago,  but  he  has 
contributed  both  poems  and  stones 
to  almost  all  the  Chilean  as  well  as  many 
other  Spanish-American  magazines. 


AND     MONOGRAPHS 


1\ 


88 


CHILEANS     OF    TO-DAY 


In  1902-3  he  was  made  editor  of  the 
magazine  Chile  Ilustrado,  and  contrib- 
uted many  articles  to  El  Mundial 
Magazine,  which,  until  the  year  1914, 
was  conducted  in  Paris  by  Ruben  t)ario. 
Sr.  Magallanes  is  the  President  of  the 
Artists'  and  Writers'  Society  and  a 
Director   of   the    Santiago   Ateneo. 

He    has    published    several    volumes 

of  poems,   all  of  which   have  appeared 

in  Santiago:  Facetas,_  in   1902;  Malices, 

in   1903;  La  Jornada,  in   1910,  and  La 

I  Casa  junto  at  Mar,  in  1918. 

He  has  also  published  two  pieces 
for  the  theatre  entitled  La  Batalla,  and 
Lluvia  de  Primavera,  which  appeared 
in  1912,  and  a  collection  of  stories  ^,Que 
es  Amorf,  in  1915. 


IV 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


V  E  R  G  A  R  A  .      89 


LUIS  ANTONIO  VRRGARA 

Lawyer;  public  official. 

Luis  Antonio  Vergara,  the  son  of  1 
the  statesman  Jose  Ignacio  Vergara  y  i 
Urzua  and  Matilde   Ruiz  y   Fontecilla, 
was  born   in   Santiago  on   thef  twenty- : 
fourth  of  May,  1865.  He  was  educated  i 
at  the  Lyceum  in  Talca  and  at  the  Uni- 
versity where  he   studied    law    until    in 
April    1886   he  obtained    his   degree  of 
Licentiate   and    his    title   of   Advocate. 
In  the  following  year,  with  the  advent 
of   Sr.    Balmaceda   to    the    Presidency, 
Senor  Vergara  began  his  public  career 
with  an  appointment  as  sub-Secretary 
in   a  Ministry   then   newly  instituted — 
that  of   Industry  and   Public  Works. 

In   1892  he  co-operated  in   the  reor- j 
ganization   of   the    Liberal    Democratic 
Party  and  was  elected  its  President.  At 


A  N  D     MONO  r.  R  A  P  H  S  1\ 


90 


CHILEANS     OF     TO-DAY 


IV 


this  period  he  took  a  keen  interest  in 
journalism  and  helped  to  found  La 
Republica,  contributing  as  well  to  El 
Diario,  El  Republicano,  and  La  Nueva 
Republica.  His  political  experience 
began  in  1894  with  his  election  to  the 
Chamber  of  Deputies  to  represent  Chi- 
lian. For  this  district  he  was  again  elect- 
ed in  1897;  in  1900  he  represented  the 
department  of  San  Carlos,  and  from 
1903  to^906,  Talca.  In  the  following 
year  he  was  elected  to  the  Upper  House 
as  Senator  for  the  province  of  Cautin, 
and  there  sat  till  1912.  From  Novem- 
ber, 1904,  till  August,  1905,  he  was  Min- J 
ister  of  Foreign  Affairs,  and  from  June  ' 
to  October  of  the  same  year,  Minister 
of  the  Interior.  He  was  at  one  time  Pro- 
fessor of  Law  in  the  Catholic  Univers-  i 
ity  of  Santiago.  In  1912  he  retired  from 
political  life  and  now  devotes  himself 
to  the  practice  of  the  profession  of  | 
which  he  is  a  leading  member  and  to 
the  direction  of  several  important  com- 
mercial and  mining  corporations. 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


HUNEEUS    GANA 


91 


ROBERTO   HUNEEUS   GANA 

Lawyer;  writer. 

RoBKRTO  HuNEEUs  Gana,  the  son 
of  Jorge  Huneeus  Zegers  and  Domitila 
Gana  y  Cruz,  was  born  in  Santiago  in 
1867.  He  studied  in  the  school  of  Enri- 
que Ballacey  and  in  that  of  the  French 
Fathers,  while  later  in  the  University 
he  won  the  degrees  of  Bachelor  of  Phil- 
osophy and  of  Licentiate  in  Law.  He 
taught  in  the  National  Institute  from 
1885  to  1888,  but  in  the  following  year 
was  appointed  Inspector  and  adjunct- 
Professor  of  Canon  Law  in  .  the  Univer- 
sity. In  1890  he  was  Professor  of  Con- 
stitutional Law  and  Examiner  in  History, 
and  from  1904  to  1906  adjunct-Pro- 
fessor of  the  Philosophy  of  Law  as  well 
as  of  Penal  Law  in  the  same  faculty. 

During    the    revolution    of    1891    he 


AND    MONOGRAPHS 


l\' 


92 


CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 


served  as  Captain  with  the  Constitu- 
tional forces  and  won  honorable  men- 
tion for  his  conduct  at  the  battle  of 
Placilla.  He  was  Secretary  of  Legation 
in  Paraguay  and  Uruguay  in  1895  and 
a  year  later,  of  the  confidential  mission 
to  the  Argentine  government.  For  sev- 
eral periods  he  has  been  elected  on  the 
Committee  of  the  Liberal  party  and 
was  one  of  the  founders  and  directors 
of  the  Liberal  club  «E1  Progreso»,  and 
of  the  Ateneo  of  Santiago.  In  1909  he 
was  nominated  Minister  of  War  and 
Marine  and  in  1919,  member  of  the 
Santiago  Court  cf  Appeals. 

His  work  as  a  poet  and  essayist  has 

I  appeared  for  thirty  years  in   the  lead- 

I  ing  journals.  Much  of  it  has  been  col- 

!  lected  and  published  in  book  form  and 

I  his  Dramas  and  Oda  a  los  Mdrtires  de 

Iquique  were  honoured  with  the  highest 

awards.   He  is  now  engaged  in  editing 

the  works  of  the  brothers  Arteaga  Alem- 

parte. 


IV 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


ALDUNATE     SOLAR 


CARLOS  ALDUNATE  SOLAR 


Public  man;  teacher. 


93 


Carlos  Aldunatk  Solar  was  lx)rn  i 
in   Santiago  on    the  eleventh   of   May,  ; 
1856,   the  son  of  Pedro  Aldunate  Ca- ! 
rrera  and  Amalia  Solar,    both    of  dis- 
tinguished old  Chilean  families.  He  re- 
ceived his  university  preparation  in  the 
National    Institute   and  after   complet- 
ing his  Law  Courses  in  the  University  of  \ 
Chile,  was  admitted  to  the  Bar  in  1873.  j 

Three  years  later  he  began  his  polit- 
ical career  as  substitute  Deputy  for  the 
Department  of  Caupolican.  In  1886  he! 
was  appointed   Professor  of  Civil   Law 
in  the  University  of  Chile.  He  has  also 
been  Professor  of  Civil  Law  and  Forensic  j 
Practice    in    the    Catholic    University.  I 
Apart  from  his  University  work  he  has  | 
distinguished    himself    in    the    practice  I 


AND     MONOGRAPHS 


94 


CHILEANS     OF     TO-DAY 


of  Law:  he  has  been  counsel  for  many 
years  for  the  Maipo  Canal  Company, 
the  Santiago  Board  of  Public  Charities, 
the  Farmers'  Bank  and  the  Loan  Bank 
(Banco  Hipotecario)  of  Chile.  Since 
1909  he  has  been  a  member  of  the  Sen- 
ate and  at  one  time  was  president  of 
that  body.  During  his  term  of  office  he 
has  presented  many  important  measures 
which  later  became  laws. 

He  has  published  numerous  law  stud- 
ies and  has  been  a  frequent  contributor 
to  the  Anales  de  la  Universidad,  the 
Revista  de  Derecho  y  Jurisprudencia  and 
the  Boletin  de  la  Sociedad  Nacional  de 
Mineria. 


IV 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


Arturo  Alessandri. 


ALESSANDRI 


95 


ARTURO     ALESSANDRI      PALMA 


Fuhlic  num. 


Arturo  Alessanri  Palma  was  born 
in  Linares  in  1868,  the  son  of  Pedro 
Alessandri  and  Susana  Palma.  He  pur- 
sued his  academic  studies  in  the  Sacred 
Hearts  School  of  Santiago  and  after 
finishing  his  course  there  obtained  a 
position  as  head  of  one  of  the  depart- 
ments of  the  National  Library.  Taking 
advantage  of  his  leisure  hours  he  studied 
law  in  the  University  of  Chile  and  in  ' 
1873  was  admitted  to  the  Bar. 

He  associated  himself  with  the  Pro- , 
gressive  Club,  an  association  which 
l)rought  before  the  public  the  lilx^ral  i 
ideas  of  its  members  through  a  mag- 1 
azine  published  under  its  auspices.  He, 
was  also  a  meml^er  of  the  Liberal  Party ; 
and   in    1890  was  appointed  Secretary  I 


AND     MONOGRAPHS 


96 


CHILEANS     OF    TO-DAY 


of  the  Executive  Committee.  He  was 
chosen  Secretary  of  the  Convention 
of  1896  and  proved  a  vaHant  supporter 
of  the  candidacy  of  Federico  Errazuriz 
Echaurren.  The  department  of  Curico 
elected  him  Deputy  in  1897,  an  office 
which  he  held  in  consecutive  terms 
until  1909.  In  1898  he  was  appointed 
Minister  of  Industry  and  Public  Works 
and  during  his  year  of  service  in  this 
I  capacity  he  visited  the  Northern  pro- 
vinces of  Chile,  stimulating  national  in- 
dustries and  developing  a  number  of 
plans  for  new  railroads.  From  1909  to 
1912  he  was  Deputy  from  the  depart- 
ment of  Vichuquen  and  from  1915  to 
the  present  date  has  been  Senator  for 
Tarapaca.  In  1918  the  triumph  of  the 
Liberal  Party  brought  about  his  ap- 
pointment to  the  Ministry  of  the  Inter- 
ior. 

Senor  Alessandri  Palma  is  well  known 
as  an  orator  and  an  enthusiastic  sup- 
porter  of   liberal    and    advanced    ideas. 


IV 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


"*'^*^CX^' 


^:g  ^ 


4 


Guillermo  Perez  de  Arce 


PEREZ     DE     ARC   1' 


<)7 


GUILLERMO    PEREZ    DE   ARC  E 

Public  man;  journalist. 

GuiLLERMO  Perez  de  Arce  was  born 
in  Valdivia  on  the  eighteenth  of  Feb- 
ruary, 1873,  the  son  of  Herm6genes 
P6rez  de  Arce  and  Rosah'a  Adriazola. 
He  received  his  secondary  education 
in  the  National  Institute  and  his  law 
training  in  the  University  of  Chile  where 
he  won  the  degree  of  Licenciate  in  Law 
in  1895. 

His  public  career  began  in  1889 
when  he  was  appointed  Clerk  in  the 
Ministry  of  Foreign  Relations.  In  that 
office  he  received  rapid  promotion  and 
I  in  1894  was  made  head  of  the  Consular 
Department.  In  the  following  year  he 
made  an  official  visit  to  thie  Magellan 
territory  and  in  1896  visited  the  prov- 
inces of  Llanquihue  and  Chilo6  on  which 
occasion,  in  recognition  of  his  services, 


AND    MONOGRAPHS 


I\' 


98 


CHILEANS     OF    TO-DAY 


the  city  of  Punta  Arenas  named  one 
of  its  streets  in  his  honor.  In  1896  he 
was  appointed  Secretary  of  the  Euro- 
pean Agency  of  Colonization,  and 
while  in  France  attended  the  Free 
School  of  Political  Sciences  in  Paris. 
On  his  return  to  Chile  he  was  appoint- : 

I  ed  Secretary  of  the  Naval  Board.  I 

In   1906  he  retired  from  pubhc  office 
to    become    Editor   of    El    Mercurio   of 

j  Valparaiso    and     later    became     Editor  \ 
of  El  Mercurio  of  Santiago,  a  position.; 
which    he    holds   at    the    present    time. 
As  director  of  this  paper  he  organized  ' 
in  1917  a  series  of  lectures  on  illiteracy 
and    popular    education    in    which    the 
best    known    educators   of    Chile    lent 
their  aid  toward  arousing  the  country  i 

I  to  the  necessity  of  obligatory  primary 
instruction.  , 

He  has  been  a  member  and  director : 
of  the  Liga  Protectora  de  Estudiantes  j 
Pobres,  member  of  the  Society  of  Prim-  ; 
ary  In,struction,  and  member  and  cap- 1 
tain  of  the  Fire  Company  of  Santiago.  | 


IV 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


GODOY 


LUCILA    GODOY 

(Gabriela  Mistral) 


Poetess. 


99 


LuciLA  GoDOY  was  born  on  the  sev- 
enth of  April,  1889,  at  Vicuna  and  was 
educated  at  th,e  Lyceum  of  that  town 
and  at  the  Teachers'  Training  College 

i  in  Santiago.  Of  strongly  marked  tem- 
perament and  retiring  disposition,  she 
refeolved,  on  the  completion  of  her  stud- 
ies,   to  leave   the  city  and' in   a  quiet 

I  country  life  devote  herself  to  teaching 
and  to  poetry.  From  1905  until  1918 
she  was  teacher  in  the  Girls'  School  at 
Los  Andes,  in  the  foot-lylls  of  the  Cor- 
dilleras, whose  wild  sc^|ty  has  inspir- 
ed some  of  her  best  vef^  and  endowed 
it  with  its  peculiar  quality  and  charm. 
In  1915  with  her  Sonetos  de  la  Muerte 
she  won  the  highest  award  in  the  Floral 
Contest  of  Santiago. 

In    1918    she    was    appointed    head- 


AND     MONOGRAPHS 


l\ 


100  CHILEANS     OF    TO-DAY 


mistress  of  a  school  at  Punta  Arenas 
in  the  far  South  of  Chile  and  from  that 
secluded  spot  has  continued  her  contrib- 
utions, not  only  to  the  periodical  press 
of  her  own  country  and  that  of  the  South 
American  Continent,  but  also  to  the 
Mundial  Magazine  which  the  Nicara- 
guan  poet  Ruben  Dario  conducted  in 
Paris.  Many  of  her  poems  have  been 
translated  by  Marcela  Auclair  into 
French   verse. 

For  the  emotional  powar  and  grace 
of  form  in  her  lyric  work,  Gabriela 
Mistral  is  considered  by  many  com- 
petent critics  as  being,  since  the  death 
of  Delmira  Agustini  of  Uruguay,  the 
foremost  of  the  women  poets  of  South 
America.  Her  best  known  published 
poems  are:  Los  Sonetos  de  la  Muerte, 
Hablando  al  P^dre,  El  arhol  dice,  Tarde, 
Los  versos  de  Noviembre,  La  Maestra 
Rural,  Interrogaciones,  El  Ruego,  Him- 
no  al  Arhol,  Amo  Amor,  Yo  no  se  cuales 
manos,  Coplas,  Al  Senor,  ^Sientes  alia 
abajof 


IV 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


MARTINEZ    QUEVEDO 


101    t 


MATEO      MARTINEZ      QUEVEDO 

Dramatist. 

Mateo  Martinez  Quevedo,  the  son 
of  Jose  M.  Martinez  Egros  and  Dolores 
Quevedo  y  Cornejo  was  born  in  San- 
tiago on  the  twenty-first  of  Septem- 
ber, 1848.  He  received  his  early  education 
in  the  Santo  Domingo  School  and  later 
attended  the  National  Institute  of  San- 
tiago. 

After  successfully  passing  the  required 
examination  he  was  appointed  Guardian 
of  Minors  in  Curepto.  In  1891  he  became  ! 
an  official  of  the  postal  administration  i 
and    remained    in    that    service    many 
years.  Meantime  he  had  begun  to  write , 
plays  which  became  increasingly  popu- ! 
lar. 

The  dramatic  works  of  Senor  Mar- 
tinez  are  meritorious  for  their  repres- : 


AND     MONOGRAPHS 


l\- 


102         CHILEANS     OF     T  O-D  A  Y 


entation    of   national    themes:    He    has 
I  written,  Consecuencia  de   los  Celos,  pre- 
sented for  the  first  time  in   1896  at  the 
Teatro  Odeon   in   Valparaiso,   Desranso 
I  Dominical,  a    comedy  in    one  act    pre- 
!  sented  at  the  Theatre  of  the  Cerro  Santa 
Lucia,   August   15,    1904,   Joaquin   Mti- 
rieta,    1904,   a  zarzuela,   and   the  comic 
playlet  En    Visperas  de  Elecciones.   His 
:  masterpiece,     however,     is     Lucas     G6- 
\  mez,  the  success  of  which  has  been  truly 
I  remarkable.    From   its   first   production 
j  in  Curico  in  June  1885  up  to  1916,  the 
j  play    had    been    given    more    than    two 
'  thousand    three    hundred  and    twenty- 
six   times  and   up   to   the  present   time 
has   passed    through    ten   editions.    The 
^  novelty  of  national  themes  on  the-  Chil- 
\  ean  stage  and  the  extraordinary  success 
i  of  the  first  good  example  inspired  other 
playwrights    to    seek    their  subjects   in 
the  life  of  the  Chilean  people.   It  may 
w^ell  be  said  that  Sefior  Martinez  is  the 
founder  of  the  National  drama  of  Chile. 


IV     !  HIS  PA  NIC     NOTES 


HUBNKR     BEZANILLA  KM 


JORGE    HUBNER    BEZANILLA 

Poet. 

Jorge  Httbner  Bezanilla,  the  son 
oi  Carlos  Luis  Hiibner,  was  born  on 
the  third  of  October.  1892.  in  Petro- 
polls,  Brazil,  where  his  father  was  sta- 
tioned as  Charge  d'affaires  for  Chile. 

From  his  early  youth  Sr.  Hiibner  has 

-I 

shown   poetical    talent  and   has  written 
many  lyrics  and  fugitive  poems  which 
have  appeared  in  newspapers  and  other 
ephemeral    publications.    He    has    l)een 
both  editor  and    teacher:  he  acted   fo!*  j 
a  time  as  Professor  of  Aesthetics  in  the - 
National    Conservatory    of    Music    and  i 
Declamation,    and    was    also,    in    asso- 
ciation with  Vicente   Garcia   Huidobro. 
a  founder  of  the  magazine  Musa  Jm*eti. 
Although   he   has  published  no  b<x)k  j 
of  poems,    his    work  is  widely    known 

AND     MONOGRAPHS 


104 


CHILEANS     OF    TO-DAY 


and  appreciated.    He  contributed  much  j 
to  Prosa  y  Verso,  published  in  1909,  and  ' 
many  of  his  poems  are  to  be  found    in 
the  extensive    collection,    Selva    Lirica,  \ 
published  in  Santiago  in  1917. 


IV 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


MATTE     DE     IRIGUEZ 


105 


REBECA  MATTE  DE  INIGUEZ 

Sculptress. 

Rebeca  Matte  de  Iniguez,  the 
I  daughter  of  the  .diplomat  Augusto 
I  Matte,  who  at  one  time  was  Chilean 
Minister  to  both  France  and  Great 
Britain,  was  educated  partly  in  her 
own  country  and  partly  in  Europe, 
where,  under  the  direction  of  the  well 
known  French  sculptor  Puech,  she  com- 
pleted her  art  studies.  Before  finally 
leaving  Chile  in  1888  to  take  up  her 
residence  in  Florence,  where  she  has 
her  study  and  where  she  teaches  in  the 
Government  Schools  of  Art,  she  had 
exhibited  a  statue  of  a  feminine  figure 
'«La  Vida«  now  in  the  Fine  Arts  Mus- 
eum  of   Santiago. 

She  is  a  regular  contributor  to  Eur- 
opean   and    American    exhibitions    and 


AND    MONOGRAPHS 


iV 


106 


CHILEANS     O  F     T  O-D  A  Y 


has  won   awards  at   Santiago,   Buffalo 

Florence  and  Paris.  She  has  steadfasth 

practiced  her  art,  toilsome  for  a  woman 

and    has    achieved    a    reputation    witt 

I  work   that   makes   its   appeal   not  onh 

j  by  a  sufficient  correctness  of  form  anc 

t  suavity  of  line,  but  also  by  its  sentimen 

and  feminine  choice  of  subject.  Amonj 

her  best  known  statues  are:  Horatius 

\  Greece;  The  Secret  of  the  Sphinx;    Griej 

\  Revelation,  and  The  Ecstacy  of  Sta.  The 

resa. 


IV 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


\ 


^.  ^^e^ 


r  O  N  D  R  E  A  U     V  A  H  N  '    107 


NICASIO  TONDREAU  VALIN 

Lawyer:  tcncher:  poet. 

NiCASio  ToNDREAU  Valin,  the  son 
of  Luis  Tondreau  and  Adela  Valin, 
French  Canadians,  was  born  in  La  Se- 
rena on  the  twenty-fifth  of  October, 
1861,  and  was  educated  in  the  public 
schools  of  Ovalle,  in  the  Seminary  of 
La  Serena  and  the  University  of  Chile. 
He  won  his  title  of  Advocate  in  1886, 
but  did  not  pursue  the  profession,  turn- 
ing his  attention  rather  to  journalism 
and  teaching.  He  was  first  a  member 
of  the  staff  of  El  Tamaya  in  Ovalle;  in 
1886  he  wrote  for  El  Imperial  and  the 
Libertad  Electoral  of  Santiago;  in  1887 
for  La  Epoca,  in  1888  for  La  Tribuna, 
in  1889  for  El  Progreso  of  Iciuique  and 
besides  for  La  Lectura  and  the  Rrvlsta 
de  Artes  y  Letras. 


AND    MONOGRAPHS  IV 


108 


CHILEANS     OF    TO-DAY 


He  has  also  held  various  posts  in  the 
public  service:  in  1889  he  was  attached 
to  the  Legation  in  La  Paz;  in  1891  he 
was  Captain  in  the  Constitutional  army 
and  Head  of  the  Department  of  Iquique 
in  the  Ministry  of  War;  in  the  same 
year  he  was  promoted  to  the  rank  of 
Lieut.  Colonel  and  was  made  Gover- 
nor of  Maule ;  in  1892  he  was  Governor  of 
Linares.  | 

His  career  as  teacher  began  in   1897  | 
when   he  became   Professor  of  Natural 
Sciences   in    the   Liceo   of   Chilian   and 
was  later  made   Rector,   a  post  which 
he  still  holds. 

In  addition  to  his  journalistic  work 
which  has  been  extensive,  he  has  writ- 
ten the  following  books;  Los  Balmace- 
donautas,  an  epic  poem,  1885;  Penum- 
bras, a  poem;  Resena  historica  sobre  el 
Liceo  de  Chilian,  1918. 


IV 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


ELIZ     SOTO 


109 


LEONARDO    ELIZ   SOTO 

Poet;  teacher. 

Leonardo  Eliz  Soto,  the  son  of 
Pedro  Fernando  Eliz,  a  native  of  France, 
and  Ruperta  Soto,  was  born  on  the 
sixth  of  November,  1861,  \n  Santiago 
and  there  was  educated  in  the  schools 
of  the  city  and  in  the  National  Institute. 

He  chose  teaching  for  his  profession 
and  for  thirty  years  has  taught  geog- 
raphy, Spanish  and  literature  in  the 
Liceo  of  Valparaiso.  Meantime  he  has 
cultivated  his  gift  for  poetry  which 
has  been  appreciated  cind  honored: 
he  has  been  awarded  prizes  in  several 
Floral  Contests  and  has  been  elected 
a  member  of  the  Academy  of  Letters 
of  Pernambuco  and  Bahia,  both  in 
Brazil. 

He  has  published  many  articles  and 


AND    MONOGRAPHS 


IV 


no 


CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 


i  poems  in  periodicals  and  is  the  author 
I  of  the  following  books:  Musas  Chilenas.y 
1889;  America  y  Colon,  1892;  Uii  He- 
roe  del  Trabajo,  1893;  Las  Rasas,  1902; 
Los  Cantos  del  Sabid,  translations  of 
articles  and  poems  of  notable  Brazilian 
authors;  Resena  historica  del  Liceo  de 
Valparaiso,  desde  1862  hasta  1912; 
Apoteosis  de  Cervantes  en  el  Parnaso, 
1916. 


IV 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


ROJAS     HnNFKPS  ill 


FRANCISCO    ROJAS    HUNEEUS   : 

Engineer. 

Francisco  Rojas  Huneeus,  the  son 
of  Manuel  Rojas  Mandiola  and  Laura 
Huneeus,  was  born  on  the  thirteenth  j 
of  August,  1877,  in  Valparaiso,  but  was 
educated  in  Santiago  at  the  National 
Institute.  He  obtained  his  degree  of 
Bachelor  in  Mathematics  in  1893  and 
some  years  later  that  of  Agronomical  i 
Engineer.  ! 

He  has.  had  an  active  t:areer  and  has 
held  many  posts  in  his  special  province. 
From  1898  to  1903  he  was  Head  of  the 
Agricultural  School  of  Concepcion  and 
also  of  the  Agricultural  Society  of  the 
South;  from  1903  to  1913  he  was  in 
charge  of  the  Agronomical  Station  of 
Santiago,  and  Professor  in  the  Agricul- 
tural  Institute;  during  1907  and   1908 


AND     MONOGRAPHS  IV 


112 

CHILEANS     OF    TO-DAY 

• 

he  was  Government  Delegate  to  repre- 
sent Chile  at  the  Centenary  of  the  Ar- 
gentine Republic  and  in  the  Scientific 
Congress  held  in  Buenos  Aires.  In  1913 
he  was  placed  in  charge  both  of  the 
Normal  School  and  of  the  Institute  of 
Agriculture;  in  1915  he  was  made 
General  Director  of  the  Department  of 
Agriculture. 

He  has  taken  a  responsible  part  also 
in  organizations  outside  of  his  special 
field  of  work ;  he  has  served  on  the  Board 
of  the  Union  Club  and  on  those  of  the 
tional  Guardians  of  Infancy  and  the 
Maternity   Home. 

Sr.  Rojas  has  written  many  special 
articles  and  is  the  author  of  the  fol- 
lowing books:  Apuntes  de  Quimica  Agri- 
cola;  Quimica  General;  Andlisis  cuali- 
tativo;  Fahricacion  de  mantequilla;  El 
estado  de  la  AgricuUura  en  Chile. 

IV 

HISPANIC     NOTES           | 

VALDERRAMA  1H 


JOSE  MARIA  VALDERRAMA 

Senator;  land-owner. 

Jose  Maria  Valderrama  the  son 
of  Jose  Maria  Valderrama  Rojas  and 
Mercedes  Lira,  was  born  in  the  year 
1848  in  the  town  of  San  Fernando,  but 
was  educated  in  Santiago,  at  the  Na- 
tional Institute  and  the  University  where 
he  read  Law  and  gained  the  title  of  Ad- 
vocate in  1878. 

During   the   War   of   the    Pacific  •  he  | 
held  the  office  of  Governor  of  the  Pro-  [ 
vince   of  Colcagua  and  has   since   held ; 
other  political  offices:  he  has  served  as 
a  member  of  the  Council  and  as  Mayor 
of  San  F'ernando  for  several  terms;  for 
three    terms    he   was    Deputy    for    the 
Province,  and  from  1912  until  the  pres- 
ent he  has  been  its  Senator. 

He   is  the  Head  of  the  Liberal  Party. 


AND     MONOGRAPHS        i      IV 


114 


CHILEANS     OF     TO-DAY 


VICTOR    DOMINGO    SILVA 

Poet;  novelisl;  playwright. 

I      Victor    Domingo    Silva    was    born 
j  in  1882  at  Tongoy.  His  career  as  a  writer 
'  began  when  he  was  scarcely  more  than 
a  boy  and  his  youthful    work  in    pro- 
vincial   newspapers^  fs  characterised    by  j 
strongly  individualistic    tendencies   and 
aspirations    after    the    fullest    personal  I 
j  liberty.  His  first  poems  were  published 
I  in  1901  in  the  magazine   «Pluma  y  La- 
I  piz»  and  his  first  volume.  Hacia  alia,  in 
!  1906.   Depicting  as  it  does  the  distinc- 
I  tive  national  types  and  traits  with  vscenic 
I  effects  purely  Chilean,  this  work  is  said 
1  to  reflect,  with  a  certain  diffuseness  in 
its    too    liberal    transcript,    both    their 
qualities   and   their  defects.   El  Derro- 
tero,  published  in  1908;  La  Selva  Florida, 
in  1911,  and  El  Romancero  Naval,  with 


IV 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


SILVA  115 


a  marked  family  likeness  have,   togeth- 
er with  greater  simplicity,  greater  poet- 1 
ical   beauty,   and  contain,   in   the  opin- ' 
ion   of    his   countrymen,    the    best   ex- 
pression of  his  lyrical  gifts.  | 

As  a  dramatist,  Sr.  Silva  has  gained  i 
an  extensive  reputation  on  both  sides  | 
of  the  Cordilleras,  chiefly  with  his  j 
amusing  comedies,  of  which  the  most : 
popular  are  Conto  la  Rdfaga,  El  Pago  ■ 
de  una  Deiida,  A  hordo  and  Primer  Ado,  \ 
but  also  with  a  serious  drama  entitled  ' 
Nuestras    Victimas. 

He   has  made   his   mark  as  a  writer ; 
of   short   stories   and    novels,    the   best 
known    being    Golondrina    de    Invierno  \ 
and  Desde  de  to  Alto,  a  story  of  Santia- 1 
go  life  dramatically  told,  which  he  |)ub- 
lished  under  another  name. 

In  addition  to  his  purely  literary  ac- , 
tivities  Sr.  Silva  has  figured  in  jx)liti- 1 
cal  life  as  Radical  Deputy  for  Copiap6 
in   the  period   1916-1918.   He  is  a  wel- 
come lecturer  before  many  literary  and 
artistic    institutions    such    as    the   Ate- 


AND     MONOGRAPHS  IV 


I 

116 

CHILEANS     OF    TO-DAY 

1 
1 

neo;  he  had  part  as  well  in  the  found- 
ation of  the  Society  of  Dramatists,  of 
the  Artists'  and  Writers'  Society,  and, 
when   on   the   staff  of   El   Mercurio   in 
1909,  of  the  Universidad    Popular,  be- 
fore which  he  was  a  frequent  exponent 
of  the  rights  and  duties  of  the  citizen. 
A  selection  of  his  poems  was  publish- 
ed in   1919    as    Las  mejores   poesias   de 
Victor  Domingo  Silva  and,  besides  the 
works   already    mentioned,    there    have 
appeared :  Las  provincias  del  Norte,  1909, 
and  Monografia  Historica  de  Valparaiso, 
1910. 

IV 

HISPANIC     NOTES 

RISOPATRON    SANCHEZ    I     117 


LUIS   RISOPATRON   SANCHEZ 


Geographer;  public  official. 


Luis  Risopatron  Sanchez  was  born 
in  Valparaiso  on  the  twenty-third  of 
August,  .1869,  the  son  of  Francisco 
j  Risopatr6n  and  Virginia  Sanchez.  He 
received  his  secondary  education  in 
the  Radford  English  School  and  the 
National  Institute  of  Santiago.  From 
the  latter  he  entered  the  University 
of  Chile,  obtaining  the  degrees  of  Bach- 
elor in  Mathematics  and  Geographic 
Engineer  in  1889  and  the  title  of  Civil  | 
Engineer  in   1893. 

After  his  graduation  he  secured  the 
post  of  Civil  Engineer  for  the  Bound- 
ary Commission  and  held  this  post 
until  1905  when  he  was  appointed  Head 
of  the  Commission.   In   1907  a  Survey- 


ing Office    was    established  in  the  De- 


AND     M'O  NO  GRAPHS 


IV 


118 


CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 


IV 


partment  of  Colonization  and  Sefior 
Risopatron  was  made  its  Director.  He 
served  in  this  capacity  until  1914  when 
the  office  was  discontinued  and  in  the 
following  year  he  retired  from  public 
life. 

His  work  as  an  Engineer  has  brought 
him  honors  both  at  home  and  abroad: 
In  1908  he  was  Government  Delegate 
to  the  International  Geodetic  A.sso- 
ciation ;  in  the  following  year,  elected 
an  Academic  member  of  the  Faculty 
of  Mathematics  and  Political  Sciences 
in  the  University  of  Chile;  he  is  Corres- 
ponding Member  of  the  Argentine  Scien- 
tific Society,  of  the  Geographical  Soc- 
iety of  Lima,  the  Society  of  Peruvian 
P^ngineers  and  in  1918  he  was  awarded 
a  gold  medal  from  the  Historical  and 
Geographical  Society  of  Chile  for  his 
distinguished    services    to    the    country. 

In  addition  to  numerous  monographs 
on  the  much  vexed  problem  of  Chilean 
frontiers,  he  Jias  written  a  Resena  Ge- 
neral acerca  del  estado  actual  de  la  car- 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


RISOPATRON   SANCHI   /  11') 

ografia    Americana,     l'^09,    a     Kapporl  ^ 
sur      les   IravaiLx  Geodvsiqites  an    Chili,  \ 
1909,  and  El  Mineral  del  Jenienlc  y  el 
rio  Cachapoal,  1916.    He  has  also  pub-, 
lished   a     Carta  General  de  Chile,    1910. 
and   in    the    <'Re\ista   Chilena   de    His- 
toria   y   Geografia*   of   1917   and    1918 
he  published  an  important  study  of  the 
errors   and   deficiencies  of   the   Mmj)  of 
Chile. 


AND     MONOr,  RAPHS  l\ 


CHILEANS    OF     TO-DAY 


WASHINGTON     LASTARRIA 

Mining  engineer. 

Washington  Lastarria,  the  son  of 
Jose  Victorino  Lastarria  and  Jesus 
Villarroel,  was  born  on  the  seven- 
teenth of  February,  1846,  in  the  city  of 
Santiago  and  there  was  educated  in 
the  National  Institute  and  in  the  Uni- 
versity. In  1868  he  won  the  degree  of 
Mining  Engineer  with  distinction  and 
entered  at  once  upon  the  practise  of 
his  calling.  During  the  first  ten  years 
he  was  occupied  in  private  employ- 
ment, but  in  1878  he  took  charge  of 
the  classes  in  Metallurgy  in  the  Uni- 
versity, in  1892  he  was  elected  Dean 
pro  tern  of  the  Faculty  of  Mathematics, 
and  in  1894  was  made  a  member  of  the 
Faculty. 

In  1879  he  served  on  the  committee 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


!^ 


^  -i^' 


Washington  Lastarria. 


LASTARRIA 


121 


of  engineers  appointed  to  put  in  order 
the   fortifications  of  Valparaiso  in   the  | 
War  of  the  Pacific;  in  1884  he  was  com- 
missioned   to   organize    the   quarantine 
of    Santiago    against    the    epidemic   of ! 
cholera;  in   1889  he  was  appointed  by 
j  the    government   to  visit    Europe   and 
I  select  instructors  to  put  into  operation  | 
'  the  new  plan  of  professional  studies.      j 
On    his   return    to   Chile   in    1891    he! 
resumed  his  university  courses  and  in  | 
1894  was  made  Head  of  the   Division 
of  Mines  and  Geography  in  the  Depart- 
I  ment  of  Public  Works,   and   Inspector 
of  the  Nitrate  properties. 

Senor    Lastarria     has    executed    im- 
portant works    in    mining   engineering: 
he    constructed    the    principal     tunnel 
:  in    the    Tamayo    Mines    in    Coquimbo 
Province;  he  planned  and  built  the  cop- 
per smelting  works  at  the  foot   of  Mt 
Tamayo    in    Cerrillos;    he    re-built    the 
I  smelter  in  the  port  of  Tongoi,  and,  with 
'  the  aid  of  a  foreign  engineer,  built  the 
;  great  wharf  in  the  same  port. 


I        AND     MONOCxRAPHS 


IV 


122  CHILKANS     OF     TO-DAY 


ONOFRE    AVENDANO 

Labor  lender. 

Onofre  Avendano,  the  son  of  Pedro  ^ 
N  Avendano  and  Elvira  Flores,  was 
born  on'  the  twenty-fifth  of  May^  1877, 
at  Talca,  where  hi  the  private  school 
of  Senor  Rodriguez  he  received  his 
elementary  education.  Although  he  dis- 
tinguished himself  in  his  studies,  he  was 
obliged,  on  account  of  his  father's  death, 
to  abandon  them  and  to  follow  his  fath- 
er's trade,  that  of  a  tailor.  After  work- 
ing for  some  time  as  a  journeyman  he 
was  at  last  able  with  his  savings  to ; 
start  a  business  of  his  own,  which  he 
has  since  carried  on  successfully. 

At  an  early  age  he  began   to  devote 
his  attention    to  labour  questions,   and 
by  means  of  lectures  and  articles    con-  \ 
tributed    to    La  Democracia,    El    Siglo 


IV     :  HISPANIC     xN  O  T  E  S 


A  V  E  N  D  A  N  O 


\U 


XX,    La  Opinion,   and  other  journals,' 
(o  disseminate   his  own   ideas  concern- 
ing  their  solution.  As  a  means  of  still 
further  extendinj^  the  scojxi  and  reach  i 
of    his   convictions,    he    has   written    a 
numter  of  short  plays  which,  although 
in     technique    artless,    appeal    strongly 
by  their  subject  matter  and  their  moral ' 
lo   those   for  whom   they  are  designed.  ! 
In    1<>()8    he    was    connected    with    the  i 
Workjngmen's  Building  Society  of  San-; 
tiago,   and   before   that   body  deliv^ered  ; 
a  series  of  lectures  on  thrift. 

As  a  member  of  the  Democratic  Party 
he  has  proved  himself  an  effective  or- 
ganizer, and  in  the  Workmen's  socie- 
les,  of  which  he  is  a  member,  a  ready* 
speaker  of  force  and  character  on  the 
diverse  aspects  of  the  labour  problem. 


AND     MONOGRAIMI 


W 


124    i      CHILEANS     OF     TO-DAY 


BRIGIDA  WALKER  GUERRA. 

Teacher. 


Brigida  Walker  Guerra,  the 
daughter  of  Juan  Walker  Fleming  and 
Rosario  Guerra,  was  born  on  the 
twenty-third  of  August,  1863,  in  Co- 
piapo.  She  obtained  her  early  educa- 
tion in  Valparaiso  at  the  Girls'  High 
School  and  later  graduated  from  the 
Teachers'  Normal  School  of  Santiago 
in    1889. 

She  has  passed  her  life  in  the  teach- 
ing profession  and  has  been  honoured 
by  various  public  appointments:  in 
1905  she  was  a  memeer  of  the  com- 
mittee to  organize  the  Teachers'  Nor- 
i  mal  School  of  Valparaiso;  in  ^911  she 
served  on  the  committee  sent  to  Bue- 
nos Aires  and  Montevideo  to  study 
normal  schools;  from  1908  to  1913  she 


IV 


HISPAN  IC     NOTES 


Brigida  Walker. 


WALKER    GUERRA  125 


was  a  member  of  the  Council  of  Primary' 
Education;  at  the  present  time  she  is 
Head  of  the  First  Teachers'  Normal 
School  for  Women  of  Santiago. 

She  has  written  much  on  educational 
subjects  and  her  works  include:  Curso  de 
Pedagojia,  translated  from  the  French, 
1917;  Desarrollo  del  Programa  Moral, 
1919;  Detalle  del  Programa  de  Educa- 
cion  Civica.,  1919. 


AND     MONOGRAPHS  IV 


126 


CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 


CARLOS   ACUNA 

A  uthor. 

Carlos    Acuna    was    born    at    Cau- 1 
!  quenes  in  the  province  of  Maule  on  the  | 
first  of  October,  1889,  and  was  educat-  ; 
j  ed   in   the   Lyceum  of  his  native   town  | 
I  and  in  the  University  in  Santiago  where  ! 
I  he  won  his  degree  of  Bachelor  of  Phil- 
I  osophy  and    Letters  in   1908,  and  later 
!  continued   his  studies  in   Law.   With  a 
j  strong  natural     literary   bent   he     pur- 
j  sued   his   University  course  no   farther, 
I  but     devoted     himself     to     journalistic 
!  work,  contributing  articles,  poems  and 
I  short  stories  to  the  Pacifico  Magazine, 
1  El  Mercurio,  and  other  periodicals  both 
I  at  home  and  abroad. 

In  politics  he  has  taken  an  active  part 
as  member  of  the  National  Party  for 
which  he  has  acted  as  Vice-President 


IV 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


ACUNA  127 


I  of  its   propaganda  section  and   as  Sec- 
Ire  tary  of  its  Executive  Council. 
j      The   literary  work   of  Senor   A(  una, 
[especially    his    short    stories,    has    won 
considerable    acceptance    for    its    faith- 
ful and  vigorous  rendering  of  national 
types  and  colour. 

In  1907  he  published  under  the  title 
xji  Floraciofi  Agreste  a  collection  of  es- 
says in  prose  and  verse;  in  191  vH,  Flor 
de  Tierra,  consisting  of  short  stories; 
and  poems,  and  in  1917.  Vaso  de  Ar- 
fUla,  a  volume  of  poems. 


AND    MONOGRAPHS  i\ 


128 


CHILEANS     OF     TO-DAY 


IV 


NICOLAS    NOVOA    VALDES 

Journalist;  diplomat. 

Nicolas  Novoa  Valdes,  the  son 
of  Nicolas  Novoa  and  Elvira  Valdes, 
was  born  on  the  twenty-eighth  of  Nov- 
ember, 1882,  in  Santiago  and  there 
was  educated  in  the  National  Institute, 
in  the  Seminary,  in  the  San  Pedro  No- 
lasco  School,  and  the  University.  He 
studied  law  and  in  due  course  was 
granted  the  title  of  Advocate;  he  did 
not,  however,  practise  the  profession 
but  gave  himself  for  some  years  to 
journalism:  from  1900  to  1905  he  was 
a  member  of  the  staff  of  El  Mercurio, 
rising  to  be  Editor.  In  1911  he  entered 
the  diplomatic  service,  first  as  Librar- 
ian and  Editor  of  the  State  Depart- 
ment; in  1913  he  was  appointed  Secre- 
tary of  Legation,  and  in  1914  charge  d' 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


NOVOA    VALDES 


affaires  in  La  Paz;   from   1915   to   1918  j 
he  was   Secretary   of   Legation   in    Rio  j 
de  Janeiro;  in    1918,  oil   his  return   to! 
Chile,   he  was  appointed   Head  of  the 
Consular    Service. 

Senor  Novoa  Valdes  has  continued 
to  write,  contributing  to  magazines 
and  producing  fantastic  and  ironical 
stories  which  are  much  appreciated; 
he  has  also  written  in  a  more  sober  vein, 
and  in  1912  published  a  volume  on 
Los  Problemas  Sociales. 


129 


AND     MONOGRAPHS 


1\ 


130 

CHILEANS     OF    TO-DAY 

IV 

ENRIQUE  BARRENECHEA 
NARANJO 

Librarian;  teacher. 

Enrique    Barrenechea    Naranjo 
was  born  in  Santiago  on  the  fifteenth 
of  July,  1865,  the  son  of  Francisco  de 
Paula    Barrenechea    and    Carmen    Na- 
ranjo.  He  began   his  studies  in  the  Na- 
tional Institute  at  the  age  of  nine  and 
remained    there    until    1884    when    he 
received  the  degree  of  Bachelor  in  Phil- 
osophy and  Letters.   After  his  gradua- 
tion he  remained  as  one  of  the  library 
staff,  pursuing  at  the  same  time  Law 
Courses  in  the  University  of  Chile.  In 
1888  he  graduated    from    the  Univers- 
ity with  the  degree  of  Bachelor  of  Laws, 
and    Political    Sciences.    Stjll    retaining 
his  position  in  the    library  of  the    Na- 
tional  Institute,   he  entered  on  courses 

HISPANIC     NOTES 

BARRENECHEA     NARANJO 


in  Geography  and  History  in  the  Ped- 
agogical Institute  and  in  1905  was 
awarded  his  title  of  State  Professor. 
His  thesis,  Don  Pedro  Sarmiento  de 
Gamboa  was  published  in  the  Revista 
Nacional  in  1906. 

From  1908  to  1911  he  was  substitute- 
Professor  of  Documentary  History 
in  the  Pedagogical  Institute,  having 
been  nominated  by  Jose  Toribio  Medina 
who  then  held  the  position  of  Profes- 
sor. Since  1894  he  has  also  been  one 
of  the  examiners  in  the  University  of 
Chile.  He  has  been  Professor  in  the 
Liceo  « Miguel  Luis  Amun^tegui*,  in 
the  Superior  Institute  of  Commerce, 
and  in  the  Military  Academy.  The 
latter  position  he  holds  to-day  as  well 
as  that  of  Professor  of  Political  Ex:on- 
omy  and  Civic  Education  in  the  Girl's 
Liceo   N.°    5. 

As  assistant  and  Director  of  the  Lib- 
rary of  the  National  Institute  he  has 
directed  the  arrangement  and  public- 
ation  of  its  catalogues    and  was    also 


131 


AND    MONOGRAPHS  IV 


132 

CHILEANS     OF     TO-DAY 

1 
! 

IV 

associated   with   the   eminent   Bolivian 
bibliographer  Gabriel  Rene  Moreno  in 
the  compiling  of  the  Biblioieca  Peruana 
and   the  supplements  to  his  Biblioteca 
Boliviana.  He  has  also  assisted  in  cat- 
aloguing the  Library  of  Congress  and 
that  of  the  Pedagogical  Institute. 

In  1913,  on  the  occasion  of  the  celeb- 
ration of  the  Centenary  of  the  National 
Institute,    he   wrote    a    monograph    on 
the  development  of  the  Institute  under 
its  various  Rectors  which  was  publish- 
ed in  the  Annals  of  the  University. 

HISPANIC     NOTES 

Q(mfiMiA(ii. 


BORQUEZ    SOLAR 


i     133 


ANTONIO    BORQUEZ   SOLAR 

Journalist;  poet;  teacher. 

Antonio  Borquez  Solar,  the  son 
of  Antonio  Borquez  Diaz  and  Manuela 
Solar  y  Berenguer,  was  born  in  Ancud 
(Chiloe)  on  the  twenty-sixth  of  July, 
1874.  He  began  his  education  in  the 
schools  of  his  native  city  and  there  too 
saw  his  first  composition  in  print  in 
the  pages  of  La  Juventud.  After  his 
graduation  from  the  Ancud  Liceo  he 
removed  to  Santiago  to  enter  the  Ped- 
agogical Institute  where  he  was  chosen 
a  member  of  the  Academy  of  the  In- 
I  stitute  and  where  he  wrote  a  number  of 
articles  on  pedagogy  for  La  Libertad 
Electoral.  He  graduated  in  1892  as 
Professor  of  Spanish  and  Gymnastics. 

In  the  following  year  he  was  appoint- 
ed Professor  in  the  Liceo  of  Los  Angeles 


AND    MONOGRAPHS 


134 


CHILEANS     OF    TO-DAY 


IV 


and  during  his  residence  in  that  city  i 
served  also  as  editor  of  El  Progresista. 
He  returned  to  Santiago  in  1904  to 
take  the  position  of  Professor  of  Spanish 
in  the  Barros  Arana  School,  which 
place  he  holds  today.  He  is  a  director  of 
the  Ateneo  o'  Chile,  Member  of  the 
Latin-American  Union,  of  the  Scien- 
tific Society  of  Chile,  and  correspond- 
ing Member  of  the  Academy  of  San 
Salvador.  In  addition  to  his  contrib- 
utions to  the  magazines  mentioned 
above  he  has  also  contributed  frequent- 
ly to  the  Revista  Santiaguina,  La  Re- 
vista  Comica,  La  Ley,  El  Nuevo  Siglo, 
La  Razon,  El  Mercurio  and  La  Nacion. 
He  is  the  author  of:  Psicologia  colectiva 
aplicada,  ^1904;  La  epopeya  de  Chile: 
La  Araucana,  1911;  and  La  Quintrala 
which  was  awarded  first  prize  by  the 
Committee  of  Fine  Arts  and  first  prize 
in  the  Theatrical  Contest  Guerrero 
Diaz  de  Mendoza.  These  as  well  as  his 
prose,  were  all  issued  in  Santiago. 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


VI  LL EG AS  1     iv 


ENRIQUE    VILLEGAS 

Diplomat;  public  man. 

Enrique  Villegas,  the  son  of  En- 
rique Villegas  Encalada,  one  tinie  Sen- 
ator of  the  Republic,  and  Filomena 
Exhiburu,  was  born  in  1874  in  the  prov- 
ince of  Atacama.  He  was  educated  at 
Radford's  English  School  in  Santiago 
whence  1  e  proceeded  to  the  University 
and  pursued  the  law  courses  till  in  1896 
he  successfully  passed  his  final  examin- 
ations, two  years  under  the  age  requis- 
ite to  receive  the  Advocate's  title. 

His  political  career  dates  from  1900 
when  he  was  elected  on  the  Liberal 
Democratic  ticket  as  Deputy  for  the 
department  of  Vallenar.  In  1903  he 
represented  Copiap6  and  in  1906  was 
again  elected  for  Vallenar.  On  the  ter- 
mination of  the  electoral  period  in  1909 


AND    MONOGRAPHS  W 


136 


CHILEANS     OF    TO-DAY 


he  made  a  tour  of  study  lasting  a  year 
through  the  countries  of  Europe.  In 
1912  he  was  elected  to  Congress  for  the 
district  of  Taltal  and  Tocopilla  for  the 
usual  three-year  period,  was  appoint- 
ed Minister  of  Public  Instruction,  and 
afterwards,  in  January,  1913,  Minister 
j  of  Foreign  Affairs  which  post  he  held 
till  September,  1914.  During  his  par- 
liamentary career  he  was  instrumental 
in  furthering  the  progress  of  public 
works,  especially  of  railway  construc- 
tion, in  the  provinces  which  he  repres- 
ented, and  as  Foreign  Minister,  labored 
assiduously  to  further  the  conferences 
held  at  Niagara  Falls  by  representa- 
tives of  Argentina,  Brazil,  and  the  Unit- 
ed States  touching  the  pacification  of  I 
Mexico.  i 

He  was  also  active  in  fostering  trade 
relations  between  Chile  and  Europe 
by  means  of  new  steamship  lines.  In 
1918  he  was  appointed  Minister  to 
Italy. 


IV 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


Otto  Georgi. 


GEORGI 


137 


OTTO    GFORGI 


A  rli$t. 


Otto  Georgi  was  born  at  Valdiviaj 
in  1890.  At  an  early  age  he  showed  so  i 
marked  a  taste  for  drawing  that,  when 
his  education  at  the    Lyceum  of  his  na- 
tive   town  was  finished,  his  parents,  at 
considerable    pecuniary    sacrifice,    sent 
liim  to  study  at  the  School  of  Art  in  j 
Santiago.  For  three  years    he   followed  ^ 
the  prescribed  courses  and  returned   to  j 
Valdivia  in  1908  only  to  find  no  oppor- 
tunity thereof  realising  his  artistic  aspir- 1 
ations.    For    a    time    he    worked    as    a| 
lithographic  draughtsman,   but  in  1913 
again  enrolled  himself  as  a  student  in 
the  School  of  Art,  at  that  time  under 
the  direction  of  the  eminent    Spanish 
painter  Sotomayor.  With  his  inspiring 
guidance,  Sr.  Georgi  progressed  rapidly 


AND    MONOGRAPHS 


138    I     CHILEANS     OF    TO-DAY 


and  between  1913  and  1915  not  only 
bore  off  many  prizes  but  found  his 
special  field  in  decorative  composition 
of  classic  aim  and  feeling. 

In  the  private  exhibitions  of  his 
works  held  in  1915  and  1917  his  abil- 
i  ies  in  decorative  design  were  more 
clearly  evinced  in  ceramic  and  mosaic 
work,  to  which  he  devotes  much  of  his 
attention. 

In  191  he  was  awarded  a  medal 
at  the  Salon  of  Santiago  to  which  he 
usually    contributes. 


IV  HISPANIC     NOTES 


DE    LA    VEGA 


DANIEL   DE  LA  VEGA 


139 


Poet. 


'      Daniel  de  la  Vega  was  born  on  i 
the  thirtieth  of  June,  1892,  at  Quilpu6  | 
and  was  educated  in  the  Lyceum  of  his ' 
native    town.    Before    he    attained    his 
majority   he   had   begun   writing   verse 
which,  scattered  as  it  was  through  mis- : 
cellaneous    periodicals,    attracted    Httle 
attention  to  its  author,  but  once  collect- 
ed in  his  first    volume  entitled  El  Calor 
del  Terruno  was  at  once  recognized  as 
the  work  of  a  true  poet,  light  and  del- 
icate in  its  form,  of  a  considerable  imag- 
inative range,    and  of  an  arresting  mys- 
ticism. In  1913  a  second  volume  entitled 
La  Miisica  que  pasa  was  likewise  well 
received,   and  won   a  wide  popularity,  i 
The  central  theme  of  La  Vida  de  Stem-  | 
pre,  published  in  1914,  the  ever-present' 


AND    MONOGRAPHS 


TV 


140 

CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 

misery  of  the  great  city,  though  its  de- 
tails may  appear  irredeemably  prosaic, 
is  nevertheless  effectively  treated  by 
the  poet.  In  his  later  productions  de  la 
Vega  has  frequently  interspersed  with 
his  verses  expressive  snatches  of  poet- 
ical prose. 

His  work  as  a  dramatist  is  charac- 
terized by  the  nationalizing  tendencies 
noticeable  of  late  in  more  than  one  man- 
ifestation of  Chilean  art.  As  a  poet  he 
is  by  the  acclamation  of  his  countrymen 
the  most  popular  of  his  day. 

In  addition  to  the  books  already  men- 
tioned, De  la  Vega's  published  works 
are:  B  or  dado  Inconcluso,  1912;  Camino 
Propio  y  Cielito,  Los  Momentos,  1916; 
Las  Montanas  Ardientes,  1919;  and 
Palahras  de  Caspar  Max,  a  philosophical 
essay. 

IV    ' 

HISPANIC     NOTES 

Arturo  Fernandez  Vial. 


FERNANDEZ     VIAI 


141 


ARTURO    FERNANDEZ   VIAL 

Sailor;  philanthropist. 

j      Arturo    Fernnadez   Vial,    the   son 
of  Jose  Carlos  Fernandez  Labarca  and 
Mercedes  Vial  Maturana,  was  born  in 
Santiago    on    the    fifteenth    of    March, 
I  1859.  He  began  his  studies  at  the  Mil- 
I  itary  School  in  1872  and  continued  them 
I  at  the  Naval  School  of  Valparaiso  which 
I  he  left  in  1878  in  order  to  enter  the  Navy. 
In  the  revolution  of  1891  he  acted  as 
I  Second  Chief  of  the  Naval  Staff;  in  the 
following  year  he  was  advanced  to  be 
Chief  of  Staff  under  the  orders  of  Rear- 
Admirals    Uribe    and    Castillo,    and    in 
1895  was  appointed   Naval  Attache  to 
the  Legations  of  Brazil  and   Uruguay. 
During  his  service  he  was  active  in  pro- 
moting the  law  for  the  placing  of  light- 
houses and  buoys    as    well  as  of  that 


AND     MONOGRAPHS 


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CHILEANS     OF    TO-DAY 


concerning  service  organization,  and 
was  also  instrumental  in  effecting  the 
transference  of  coastal  defence  from 
the  military  to  the  naval  authorities. 
In  1900  he  began  to  devote  himself 
especially  to  social  work:  in  Valparaiso 
he  aided  in  the  establishment  of  four- 
teen night  schools  for  working  men, 
and  in  founding  Temperance  Societies 
and  Athletic  Clubs;  in  Santiago  he 
originated  the  National  Athletic  Fed- 
eration, of  which  he  is  a  popular  member; 
he  became  a  member  also  of  the  Civic 
League,  of  the  Municipal  Reform  Lea- 
gue, and  Director  of  the  Local  Govern- 
ment Council,  a  post  which  he  still  holds. 
In  urging  his  views  on  the  reforms  he 
advocates  he  has  been  an  effective  lec- 
turer and  contributor  to  the  press. 


HISPANIC    NOTES 


ALEMPARTE 


ARTURO    ALEMPARTE 

Public  man. 

Arturo  Alemparte,  the  son  of  Juan 
Alemparte  and  Clarisa  Quiroga,  was 
born  on  the  nineteenth  of  September, 
1870,  in  Concepci6n  and  there  had  his 
early  schooHng  in  the  Lyceum.  In  1898 
he  entered  the  University  of  Chile  where 
he  read  law  and  obtained  the  title  of 
Advocate  in  1900. 

He  began  at  once  to  practise  his  pro- 
fession in  Valparaiso  where  he  won  a 
creditable  place  among  his  fellow  law- 
yers and  continued  in  practice  until 
1912.  In  1907  he  was  appointed  Pro- 
fessor of  History  and  Geography  in  the 
Naval  -School  of  Valparaiso. 

Meantime  he  had  occupied  himself 
in  his  profession  and  in  the  manage- 
ment of  his  extensive  farming  properties 


AND    MONOGRAPHS 


143 


IV 


144 


IV 


CHILEANS     OF    TO-DAY 


and  did  not  enter  public  life  until  1915 
when  he  was  elected  Deputy  for  the 
Department  of  Angol.Two  years  after- 
wards he  was  chosen  a  member  of  the 
notable  Coalition  Cabinet  of  Yaiiez 
and  Suarez  Mujica,  in  which  he  held 
the  post  of  Minister  of  Education.  In 
1918  he  was  a  member  of  the  special 
embassy  sent  to  Buenos  Aires  to  at- 
tend the  centenary  of  the  Battle  of 
Maipu  and  in  the  same  year  was  re- 
elected Deputy. 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


E  S  P  1  iN  U  S  A  ,145 


JANUARK)   ESPINOSA 

Journalist;  author. 

Januario  Espinosa,  the  son  of  Jose 
Santos  Espinosa  and  Delfina  del  Cam- 
po,  was  born  on  the  eleventh  of  May, ' 
1882,  in  the  town  of  Linares  and  there 
began  his  schooling  which  he  contin- 
ued in  Santiago.  ! 

He  accepted  his  vocation  as  a  writer  | 
at  an  early  age  and  was  contributing; 
to    periodicals   before   he   had    finished  ] 
his  education:  in   1903  he  was  writing 
short  stories  for  «E1  Chileno»;  in  1905^ 
he  won  the  second  prize  in    the  contest 
held  by  the   «Zig-Zag»   magazine,  and 
for  the  next  five  years  served  as  a  mem- 1 
ber  of  its  staff.  In  1910  he  joined  the 
editorial  force  of  the  «Diario  Ilustrado»,  | 
and  in  1916  became  one  of  the  editors  i 
of  the  magazine  «Sucesos». 


AND     MONOGRAPHS  I\ 


146 


CHILEANS     OF    TO-DAY 


Senor  Espinosa  published  his  first 
book,  a  novelette  entitled  Cecilia,  in 
1903;  in  1913  the  Counsel  of  Letters 
published  his  novel  Vida  Humilde,  and 
in  1916  appeared  his  Las  Inquietudes  de 
Ana  Maria,  all  of  which  have  been  pop- 
ular. 


IV  HISPANIC     NOTES 


FOSTER     RECABARREN 


MANUEL  FOSTER  RECABARREN 

Lawyer;  public  officer. 

Manuel  Foster  Reca barren,  the 
son  of  Julius  M.  Foster,  an  American 
business  man,  and  Luisa  Recabarren, 
descendent  of  an  old  Chilean  family, 
was  born  in  1864  in  Santiago.  He  re- 
ceived his  first  education  in  the  Semin- 
ary of  Santiago,  thereafter  entered  the 
Faculty  of  Law  of  the  University  and 
obtained  his  degree  as  Licenciate  in 
1890.  From  1885  to  1889,  during  his 
university  career,  he  acted  as  sub-Edi- 
tor of  El  Estandarte  Cat61ico. 

In  the  same  year  in  which  he  was 
admitted  to  the  Bar  he  went  to  Europe 
and  studied  in  the  University  of  Leip- 
zig, and  afterwards  spent  three  years 
in  the  United  States. 

On  his  return  to  Chile  he  was  for  a 


147 


AND    MONOGRAPHS 


i\' 


148 


CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 


J 


IV 


year  manager  of  the  newspaper  La 
Union  of  Valparaiso  and  soon  after- 
wards became  Secretary  of  the  Com- 
mercial Court,  an  appointment  which 
he  held  till  1899  when  he  was  named 
by  President  Errazuriz,  sub-Secretary 
of  Foreign  Affairs.  In  1905  he  resigned, 
intending  to  devote  himself  to  the 
practice  of  his  profession,  but  in  the 
same  year  he  was  called  by  President 
Riesco  to  the  Ministry  of  War  and  Mar- 
ine, and  in  1906  was  chosen  to  repres- 
ent both  Chile  and  Ecuador  on  the 
Commission  of  Jurisconsults  which  met 
in  Rio  de  Janeiro  for  the  redaction  of 
a  code  of  international  law. 

In  1910  he  acted  as  legal  advisor  to 
the  Commission  dispatched  by  the  Chil- 
ian Government  to  England  to  urge 
its  demands  for  arbitration  in  the  Alsop 
affair. 

In  1909  he  was  a  candidate  for  De- 
puty for  Rancagua,  and  from  1912  to 
1915  was  Deputy  for  Santiago,  during 
which  period  he  was  a  member  of  the 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


FOSTER    RECABARREN 


149 


important  committees  of   Foreign   Af- 
fairs and  Finance. 

Dr.    F6ster    Recabarren    taught    for 
a   time   as    Professor   of    International 
Law    in    the    CathoHc    University    and ! 
since  1896  has  held    the  chair  of  Com- 1 
mercial  Law  in  the  same  college.  i 

He  is  a  member  of  many    scientific 
and   legal  associations  both   of   Europe 
and  America    and  has   been  a  member : 
of  the  Council  of  State. 


AND     MONOGRAPHS 


IV 


150 


CHILEANS     OF    TO-DAY 


GONZALO    BULNES 

Public  man;  historian. 

GoNZALO  BuLNES  the  son  of  Presi- 
dent Manuel  Bulnes  Prieto  and  Enri- 
queta  Pinto  de  Bulnes,  was  born  in 
Santiago  on  the  nineteenth  of  Novem- 
ber, 1851.  He  received  his  early  educa- 
tion in  his  native  city,  attending  the 
Sacred  Heart  School  and  the  National 
Institute  and  graduating  from  the  lat- 
ter in  1869.  Two  years  liter  he  went 
to  Europe  to  continue  his  studies  and 
remained  abroad  until   1874. 

After  his  return  to  Chile  he  devoted 
himself  for  some  years  to  agriculture 
and  took  no  active  part  in  public  life. 
In  1883,  however,  he  was  appointed 
Governor  of  the  province  of  Tarapaca 
and  in  the  following  year  was  chosen 
Deputy  for  the  department  of  Rancagua. 


IV     j  HISPANIC     NOTES 


1 

•«^^H^ 

h 

,7.i* 

^P^- 

^ 

^ 

Gonzalo  Bulnes. 


B  U  L  N  E  S  151 


He  early  evinced  a  taste  for  histor- 
ical studies,  publishing  during  his  res- 
idence abroad  a  spirited  defense  of  Chile 
in    «La  Liberte»   of  Paris.    In   1878  he 
published   La  Ilistoria  de  la   Campana 
del  Peru  en  1838,   and  during   the  four 
years  between  1874  and  1878  contributed 
frequently    to    the    «Revista    Chilena* 
of  Santiago.   His  more    important    ar- 
ticles in  that  magazine  include:  Alberdi, 
Causas  de  Guerra  entre  Chile  y  la  C on- 
fed  er  acton  Peru-Boliviana,    Un  Patriota  i 
Frances  al  servicio  de  Chik,  Jotabeche,  | 
and  Guillermo  Wheelwright.  Among  his' 
contributions  to  «La  Libertad  Electoral*  \ 
during  this  period,   two  are  especially  | 
noteworthy —  critical    studies    of    Bar- 1 
tolome  Mitre's  Ilistoria  de  San  Martin  i 
and  of   Barros  Arana's  Ilistoria  Gene-l 
ral  de   Chile.  I 

In   1891   Sefior  Bulnes  was  appoint- 
ed Minister  to  Germany  and  Italy  and 
on  his  return  in  1896  published  the  IIiS'\ 
toria  de  las  ultimas  campanas  del  Perii^ ; 
a  continuation  of  his  Ilistoria  de  la  Ex. 


AND  MONOGRAPHS  IV 


152 

CHILEANS     OF    TO-DAY 

1 
1 

i 

pedicion  Libertadora  al  Peril,  1879,  which 
drew    favorable   comment    from    critics 
Hke   Mitre,    Lopez,   Mantilla,    Paz   Sol- 
ddn,    Vicuna    Mackenna    and    Blanco 
Cuartin.   In   1897  he  brought  out  Chile\ 
y  Argentina,    and   in    the   daily   papers  j 
«La  Tarde»,   «E1  Ferrocarril»  and   «T,a 
Ley»   began  a  formidable  campaign   in 
defense   of   the   rights   of   Chile   in    the 
boundary  dispute  with  Argentina  then 
assuming    threatening    proportions.    In 
1898  he  was  again  elected  Deputy  from 
the    department    of.  Rancagua    and    in 
the  Chamber  brilliantly  maintained  his 
position     on     the    boundary    question, 
attacking  with  great  energy  the  policy 
of  President  Errazuriz.  At  the  close  of 
his   term   he  again   devoted   himself  to 
historical  research  and  the  fruits  of  his 
labor  appeared  in  the  remarkable  work 
La   Guerra   del   Pacifico,   of   which    the 
first  volume  appeared  in  1911,  the  sec- 
ond in   1914  and  the  third  in   1919. 

In  1912  he  was  elected  Senator  from 
Malleco,     and  re-elected  in  1918. 

1 
IV 

HISPANIC     NOTES 

Juan  Agustin  Barriga. 


B  A  R  R  I  (;  A 


JUAN     AGUSTIN     BARRIGA 


153 


Public  man;  journalist. 

Juan  Agustin  Barriga,  the  son 
of  the  distinguished  jurisconsult  Jos6 
Miguel  Barriga,  was  born  in  Santiago 
in  1853.  There  also  he  was  educated 
in  the  National  Institute  and  in  the 
University  of  Chile  which  conferred 
upon  him  the  degree  of  Licentiate  in 
Law  in  1880. 

As  a  young  man  he  had  the  opportun- 
ity of  frequently  attending  the  «Aca- 
demia  de  Bellas  Artes»,  then  directed 
l)y  the  great  intellectual  figure  Jos^ 
Victorino  Lastarria.  In  1875  he  joined 
the  «Circulo  de  la  Estrella  de  Chile*, 
a  group  of  literary  men  with  conservative 
tendencies  who  brought  out  the  Mag- 
azine «La  Estrella  de  Chile*  to  which 
Senor    Barriga    contributed     many  ar- 


AND     MONOGRAPHS 


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154 


CHILEANS     OF     TO-DAY 


tides  of  literary  criticism  and  a  number 
of  poems.  In  1884  he  aided  in  founding 
the  «Revista  de  Artes  y  Letras«  which 
soon  took  its  place  as  one  of  the  not- 
able literary  magazines  of  its  time. 

Soon  after  his  admission  to  the  Bar 
he  was  appointed  Professor  of  Law  in 
the  University  of  Chile,  and  on  the 
foundation  of  the  Catholic  University 
in  1889  he  was  called  to  fill  the  chair 
of  International  Law  in  that  institu- 
tion, a  post  which  he  held   until   1891. 

In  1884  he  was  elected  Deputy  for 
the  province  of  Santiago  and  in  the 
heated  debates  of  1884  and  1885  over 
theological  reform  and  official  inter- 
vention in  elections  his  fervid  speeches 
and  determined  stand  made  him  re- 
cognized as  one  of  the  leaders  of  the 
conservative  group.  In  fact  his  promi- 
nence in  that  party  brought  about  his 
exile  at  the  time  of  the  revolution  of 
1891.  Removing  then  to  Buenos  Aires 
and  later  to  Montevideo,  he  was  there 
hailed  as  a  distinguished  writer. 


Ill 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


BARRIGA 


He  is  a  member  of  the  Faculty  of 
Philosophy  and  Letters  in  the  Univers- 
ity of  Chile  and  of  the  Faculty  of  Law 
in  the  Catholic  University,  a  member 
of  the  Chilean  Academy  and  of  the 
Royal  Academy  of  Letters  of  Seville. 
Unfortunately  the  greater  part  of  his 
work  is  scattered  in  magazines  and 
therefore  is  not  generally  accessible. 
He  has,  however,  published  De  la  Len- 
gua  Castellana  coma  instrumento  de  Arte 
literario,  1887,  and  Don  Marcelino  Me- 
nendez  y  Pelayo,  1913,  and  in  1914  his 
friends  collected  and  published  part 
of  his  work  in  a  volume  entitled  Dis- 
cursos  y  notas  criticas. 


155 


HISPANIC    NOTES  !     IV 


156 


CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 


IV 


ABRAHAM    KONIG 

Public  man;  writer. 

i 

Abraham  Konig  was  born  in  Ancud,  I 
in  the  province  of  Chiloe,  in  1846.'  He  | 
was  educated  in  the  National  Institute 
of  Santiago  and  in  the  Law  School  of 
the  Univerisity  of  Chile,  being  admit- 
ted to  the  Bar  in  1869.  As  a  student 
he  evinced  a  talent  for  writing  and  one 
of  his  early  poems  entitled  Al  Trahajo 
was  published  in  Gonzalez  Ugalde's 
anthology  Poemas  de  la  Infancia.  While 
pursuing  his  law  courses  he  edited  the 
parliamentary  debates  for  El  Heraldo 
and  La  Epoca  of  Santiago.  In  later  years 
his  interest  in  journalism  widened  • 
For  a  time  he  was  editor  of  El  Deber 
of  Valparaiso  and  was  an  occasional 
contributor  to  El  Ferrocarril,  La  Ley, 
El  Mercurio,  and  La  Nacion  of  Santiago 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


K  O  N  I  G 


He  joined  the  Radical  Party  and  was 
elected  Deputy  from  Chiloe  in  1870; 
for  later  terms  he  represented  the  de- 
partments of  Copiap6,  CombarbalA  and 
Illapel;  in  1875  he  was  reporter  of  the 
Court  of  Appeals  and  from  1887  to 
1896,  Auditor  in  the  War  Department 
where  he  presented  a  number  of  reports 
and  projects  for  military  legislation. 
During  the  year  1895  he  held  the  chaii 
of  Constitutional  Law  in  the  Univer- 
sity of  Chile. 

In  1874  he  contributed  the  biograph- 
ical study  of  Federico  Err^zuriz  to  the 
volume  issued  by  the  Academy  of  Fine 
Arts  in  its  campaign  to  erect  a  statue 
to  the  noted  educator,  Andres  Bello; 
in  1877  he  published  a  collection  of 
Jose  Joaquin  Vallejo's  sketches  of  na- 
tive customs,  prefacing  it  with  a  critical 
and  historical  introduction;  in  the  fol- 
lowing year  he  wrote  an  extensive  ar- 
ticle on  Voltaire  for  the  centenary  of 
the  great  French  philosopher's  birth; 
in   1888  he  published  a  school  edition 


157 


AND     MONOGRAPHS 


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158 


CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 


IV 


of   the   Araucana   with   historical,   bio- 
graphical, and  etymological  notes. 

On  account  of  the  parliamentary 
revolution  of  1891  he  was  forced  to  take 
refuge  in  Argentina  and  while  there 
contributed  to  La  Nacion  of  Buenos 
Aires.  Upon  his  return  to  Chile  he  pub-  j 
lished  a  volume  of  his  impressions  of 
Argentina.  In  1913  he  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  Faculty  of  Laws  and 
Political  Sciences  of  the  University 
of  Chile,  and  in  1919  was  appointed 
Curator  of  Landed  Property,  a  posi- 
tion which  he  holds  at  the  present  time. 

He  is  the  author  of  the  following 
works  published  in  Santiago:  El  Can- 
didato  de  la  Convencion,  1871;  La  Ley 
de  navegacion,  1878;  Resena  historica  del 
Club  de  la  Union  de  Santiago,  1885; 
Atraves  de  la  Argentina,  1892;  La  in- 
tervencion  del  clero  en  la  politica,  1892; 
Codigo  de  justicia  Militar,  1894;  Codigo  de 
procedimientos  judiciales  para  la  Armada, 
1897;  and  La  Constitiicion  de  1833  en 
1913,  1914. 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


ARANCIBIA    LASO 


159 


HECTOR  ARANCIBIA  LASO 

Jurisconsult;  public  man. 

Hector    Arancibia    Laso,    the    son  | 
of  Froilan  Arancibia  and  Griselda  La-  i 
so,  was  born  on  the  twentieth  of  Feb- 
ruary, 1883,  in  Santiago  and  there  was  i 
educated,  in  the  Miguel  Luis  Amun^- ' 
tegui  School,  in  the  National  Institute 
where  he  won   his  degree  of  Bachelor 
of  Arts  in  1900,  and  in  the  Law  Schools 
of    the    Catholic    University    and    the    * 
University  of  Chile.   In   1905  he  pres- ; 
ented    his    thesis    entitled    El  Albaceal 
fiduciario   and    obtained    his   degree   of 
Licenciate  in   Law. 

Since  his  youth  he  has  belonged  to 
the  Radical  Party  and  has  held  the  fol- 
lowing positions  in  the  organization: 
Leader  of  the  Eighth  Ward  of  Santiago, 
Secretary    of    the    Radical    Assembly^ 


AND     MONOGRAPHS  IV 


160 

CHILEANS     OF    TO-DAY 

i 

1 

! 

j 
i 

assistant-Secretary    and    Secretary    of 
the    Central    Committee    on    Elections, 
President  of  the  Bureau  of  Propaganda, 
and     vice-President     of     the    Central 
Committee .  For  many  years  he  was  a 
contributor  to  « La  Ley »,  «E1  Mercurio», 
«La    Manana«     and     «La   Raz6n».   In 
1912  he  was  elected    Deputy  from  San- 
tiago, re-elected  in   1915,    and  again  in 
1918. 

Seiior  Arancibia  is  one  of  the  notable 
jurisconsults  of  Santiago,  and  has  inter- 
ested   himself   much   in   improving   the 
condition  of  the  poor.    He  is  Director 
of  the  Escuela  de  Proletarios,  a  member 
of   the   Society   of    Public    Instruction, 
and  of  the  Union  Society  of  Artisans. 
He   was   also   a   member   of   the   Sixth 
Company  of    the  historic  volunteer  or- 
ganization of  firemen. 

1 

IV 

HISPANIC    NOTES 

Eucarpio  Espinosa. 


ESPINOZA 


161 


EUCARPIO    ESPINOSA 

Painter. 

EucARPio  EsPiNOSA,  the  son  of  So- 
16n  Espinosa  and  Sabina  Fuenzalida, 
was  born  in  the  province  of  Curic6. in 
1867  and  was  educated  at  the  Seminary 
of  Talca.  In  1888  he  entered  the  School 
of  Art  in  Santiago  where  he  pursued 
the  usual  courses  under  the  direction 
of  Professors  Martin  and  Mochi,  after- 
wards continuing  his  studies  privately 
with    the    painter   Valenzuela    Puelma. 

In  1897  he  was  appointed  teacher 
of  drawing  in  the  Lyceum  of  Talca,  a 
post  which  he  held  for  six  years.  He 
obtained  his  first  award  for  a  picture 
in  the  Salon  of  Santiago  in  1890.  Since 
that  year  he  has  won  many  honours; 
in  1906,  and  again  in  1911  he  obtained 
the     Government     scholarship     which 


AND    MONOGRAPHS 


IV 


162 


CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 


IV 


enabled  him  to  go  abroad  to  continue 
his  studies.  He  went  to  Paris  where 
he  worked  in  the  Colarosso  and  Julian 
Schools  and  had  among  his  visiting 
teachers  Jean  Paul  Laurens  and  Ri- 
chard Miller.  At  the  1910  Salon  in  San- 
tiago he  carried  off  both  the  gold  medal 
and  the  first  prize  for  portrait  painting; 
in  this  special  field  his  work,  without 
being  of  striking  originality,  is  pleas- 
ing in  tone  and  colour,  firmly  drawn 
and  solidly  constructed;  several  of  his 
canvasses  have  been  hung  in  the  Paris 
Salon. 

Senor  EvSpinosa  continues  to  exhibit 
in  the  annual  salon  and  to  give  private 
instruction  in  painting  in  the  city  of 
Santiago. 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


ESPEJO 


ANGEL  CUSTODIO  ESPEJO 

Journalist;  official;  author. 

Angel  Custodio  Espejo  Ibanez  the 
son  of  Daniel  Espejo  y  Bravo  and  An- 
gela Ibanez,  was  born  in  the  town  of 
Cobquecura,  Department  of  Itata,  on 
the  twenty-fifth  of  December,  1869. 
He  got  his  schooling  in  Concepci6n 
where  he  attended  the  Lyceum  and  the 
Andres  Bello  and  Bien  Publico  schools, 
and  when  he  was  fifteen  moved  to  San- 
tiago. 

Soon  afterwards  he  obtained  an 
appointment  under  the  government  of 
President  Santa  Maria,  who  nominat- 
ed him  to  a  position  in  the  General  Post- 
Office  where  he  served  as  Secretary 
]  to  the  Postmaster  of  Valparafso  from 
1886    to     1888,    substitute-Postmaster 


AND    MONOGRAPHS 


163 


IV 


164 

CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 

for  two  years  and  Inspector  in  1893. 
The  Revolution  of  1891  interrupted 
his  public  service,  for  he  enlisted  and 
fought  until  he  was  invalided  home 
in  1893  with  the  rank  of  Captain. 

In  1901  he  went  to  Japan  as  Consul- 
General  and  retained  this  post  until 
1906  when  he  returned  to  Chile  and  was 
appointed  Presidential  Elector  for  Val- 
paraiso. He  has  been  and  remains  a 
Radical  in  politics;  he  presided  over 
the  party  convention  in  Valparaiso  in 
1906,  was  vice-Chairman  in  Santiago 
in  1907,  and  General  Secretary  of  the 
party  from  1909  to  1912. 

Sefior  Espejo  has  had  a  long  career 
as  a  writer.  Beginning  in  the  field  of 
journalism,  he  was  one  of  the  founders 
and  editors  of  «La  Vanguard ia»  in 
1893;  from  1894  to  1900  he  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  staff  of  «La  Ley»,  where  he 
held  various  positions  from  reporter 
to  managing-editoi ;  from  1897  to  1901 
he  was  contributing  also  to  «La  Tarde», 
«La  Manana»,  «La  Linterna*,  and  «E1 

IV 

HISPANIC    NOTES 

ESPEJO 


Heraldo»  and  «La  Tribuna*  of  Valpa- 
raiso. 

After  his  return  from  Japan  he  re- 
sumed his  journaHstic  activities:  in  1912 
he  shared  in  founding  «La  Razon*  of 
which  he  was  managing-editor;  in  1915 
he  was  one  of  the  founders  of  «La  Lin- 
terna  Roja»  of  Copiap6,  and  in  1917 
he  aided  in  founding  «La  Tribuna  Ilus- 
trada»,  a  weekly  paper,  in  Santiago. 
He  has  been  an  indefatigable  writer, 
contributing  to  all  the  principal  papers 
and  periodicals  and  using  a  variety  of 
noms  de  plume,  as  Oliverio  Bertin,  Yo- 
rik,  Swift,  Pedro  Crespo,  and  Mal- 
trana  under  which  he  has  won  no  small 
fame. 

The  books  and  plays  of  Senor  Espejo 
are  widely,  known  and  popular  in  Chile. 
Among  them  are:  Cuentos  de  Alcoba, 
Santiago,  1897.  Nuevos  Cuentos  y  Fan- 
tasias, Santiago,  1908;  Buen  Humor, 
Santiago,  1910;  Ironia  y  senlimiento, 
1910;  Cine...  (signed  Danielle  Val  D'On. 
1918;  Cuentos  y  fantasias,  1920. 


165 


AND    MONOGRAPHS 


I\ 


166 


CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 


ENRIQUE    MOLINA 

Educationalist;  author. 

Enrique  Molina,  the  son  of  Te- 
lesforo  Molina  and  Mercedes  Garmen- 
dia,  was  born  at  Serena  in  187L  He 
was  educated  at  the  Lyceum  of  his  na- 
tive town,  at  the  Teachers'  Training 
College  of  Santiago,  where  he  qualified 
as  Professor  of  History,  and  at  the  Uni- 
versity, where  in  1902  he  obtained  his 
degree  of  Licenciate  in  Law,  and  in 
the  same  year  was  granted  by  the 
Courts  his  title  of  Advocate. 

He  did  not  practise  at  the  Bar  but 
applied  himself  to  teaching,  his  first 
appointment  being  Professor  of  His- 
tory and  Philosophy  at  the  Lyceum  of 
Chilian,  whence  he  was  promoted  to 
I  the  Rectorship  of  Concepcion  in  which 
institution  he  was  also  Professor  of  the 
History  of  Law. 


IV 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


^a^^..^V^is<«2— 


MOLINA 


In  1911  he  was  sent  by  his  Govern- 
ment to  Europe  to  investigate  education- 
al methods,  and  in  1919  with  a  similar 
purpose  he  visited  the  United  States. 
For  some  years  he  was  active  in  a  cam- 
paign which  has  recently  been  crowned 
with  success,  for  the  estabHshment 
of  a  University  at  Concepci6n. 

Sr.    Molina    has    published    a    num- 
ber   of    volumes   dealing   with    educa- 
tional matters    and    others    analysing 
the  latest  phases  of  philosopic  thought, 
among  which  are:  La   Cultura  y  la  Edu- 
cacion   General;  La   Educacidn    Contem- 
pordnea;  Filosofia  Americana;  Las  De- 
I  mocracias    Americanas    y    sus    Deberes; 
I  La   Filosofia  de  Bergson  y  el  Pragma- 
I  tismo  de   William  James;  For  las  Dos 
I  Americas,   Notas  y  Reflexiones. 


167 


AND    MONOGRAPHS 


TV 


168 


CHILEANS     OF    TO-DAY 


ARTURO  BESA 

Man  of  affairs; 
public  man. 

Arturo  Besa,  the  son  of  the  busi- 
ness man  and  public  servant  Jose  Besa, 
was  educated  in  the  National  Institute 
and  in  the  University  of  Chile  from 
which  he  obtained  the  title  of  Geograph- 
ical Engineer  in  1879. 

Immediately   after   receiving   his   de- 
gree he  established  himself  in   the  de- 
partment of  Chafiaral  to  study  the  min- 
ing   and    smelting  of  copper,  an  indus- 
I  try  in  which  he  has  worked  for  thirty- 
I  five  years.    In  Quillota  he   maintained 
I  a    large   paper   factory  and    for    many 
I  years  was  the  virtual  manager  of  the 
I  commercial  house  of  Besa  and  Company, 
I  which  for  more  than  half  a  century  has 
made  its  contribution   to   the  develop- 


IV 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


BESA 


169 


ment  of  Chile.  To  his  initiative  is  due 
the  longest  canal  in  Chile — the  canal  in 
Talca  called  Purisima  Concepci6n  with 
a   length   of   forty-five   kilometers. 

Senor  Besa  entered  public  life  in  1882 
as  alderman  of  Valparaiso  and  held  this 
post  until  1891  when  he  was  chosen 
Alderman  of  Vina  del  Mar.  He  served 
in  this  capacity  until  1897  and  during 
the  last  two  years  of  his  term  was  also 
Mayor  of   the  city. 

In   1897  he  was  elected   Deputy  for 
Copiapo,    Chanaral   and    Freirina,    and 
re-elected  in  1900.  In  the  same  year  he 
was   appointed   Secretary  of  War  and 
the    Navy    and    held    this    post    until 
March,    1901.    During   the  period    1903 
to    1909  he   was    Senator  for    the  Prq- 
vince  of  Maule  and    from  October  1903  j 
to  January    11,    1904,    Minister   of   the  j 
Interior,  contributing  in   this  capacity! 
to  the  advancement  of  the  paving  and 
draining  of  Santiago.  It  also  fell  to  him 
to  promote  the  sale  of  the  cruisers  In- 
dependencia    and    Lihertad    which    had 


AND     MONOGRAPHS 


IV 


170         CHILEANS     OF     TO-DAY 


IV 


been  held  for  five  years  in  the  ship- 
yards of  England.  In  August,  1908,  he 
was  elected  vice-President  of  the  Sen- 
ate and  held  this  office  until  January, 
1909.  In  1910  he  was  sent  as  the  Sen- 
ate's Representative  to  the  Argentine 
Centenary  and  in  1918  was  appointed 
to  the  coalition  Cabinet  of  President 
Sanfuentes  as  Minister  of  Foreign  Re- 
lations. 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


ECHEVERRIA    DE    LARRAIN 


INES  ECHEVERRIA  DE  LARRAIN 

Authoress.      \ 
InES    ECHEVERRIA    DE    LaRRaIn    WaS 

born  and  educated  amid  surroundingr 
that  conduced  in  eve'-y  way  to  foster 
a  natural  inclination  towards  the  liber- 
al arts.  Member  of  an  old  and  respect- 
ed family  and  connected  with  the  most 
cultivated  minds  of  the  day,  she  has 
fulfilled  the  high  expectations  enter- 
tained of  her  by  a  convincing  record  of 
literary  work.  Among  her  first  publi- 
cations is  the  Perfiles  Vagos,  a  record 
tof  her  extensive  travels  through  Eu- 
'  rope,  and  her  Tierra  Virgen,  a  study 
redolent  of  the  air  of  Southern  Chile. 
Her  next  writings,  a  series  of  articles 
notable  for  their  sparkling  style,  were 
contributed  to  the  leading  Chilean 
magazines,  and  in   1914  she  published 


AND    MONOGRAPHS 


171 


IV 


172 


IV 


CHILEANS     OF    TO-DAY 


in  Paris  a  novel  Entre  Deux  Mondes, 
which  won  for  its  author  favourable 
recognition  and  which  was  followed, 
in  1917,  by  La  Hora  de  Queda,  whose 
theme  is  found  in  the  life  of  the  South 
American  residents  in  the  French  ca- 
pital. Subsequently,  in  1918,  her  pi- 
quant articles,  enhancing  her  already 
wide  reputation,  were  contributed  to 
«La  Naci6n»,  and  in  the  same  year 
she  cooperated  actively  in  the  founda- 
tion of  the  Ladies  Club  which  has  since 
done  much  to  extend,  in  Santiago  so- 
ciety, a  taste  for  art  and  letters. 

Besides  the  works  mentioned  and 
her  writings  in  «E1  Mercurio»,  Fami- 
lia»,  «Zig-Zag»,  and  «Sucesos»,  there 
has  appeared  Emociones  Tea tr ales,  a 
collection  of  theatrical  criticisms. 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


BARRIER    WILLIAMS 


173 


WALTER  BARRIER  WILLIAMS 

Caricaturist. 

Walter  Rarbier  Williams,  the  son 
of  Manuel  Rarbier  and  Carolina  Wil- 
liams, was  born  in  Valparaiso  on  the 
eighth  of  September,  1884. 

He  inherited  a  strong  disposition  to 
the  artistic  career,  for  his  great-grand- 
father, a  French  draughtsman,  had 
made  a  good  reputation  in  his  field  in 
1830,  and  his  grandfather  was  invited 
from  France  to  execute  the  decorations 
in  the  Municipal  Theatre.  Naturally, 
then,  as  soon  as  he  had  finished  his 
academic  courses,  he  entered  the  School 
of  Fine  Arts  where  he  applied  himself, 
under  the  guidance  of  Pedro  Lira  and 
Fernando  Alvarez  de  Sotomayor,  to 
draughtsmanship. 

He  began  to  publish  his  sketches  in 


AND    MONOGRAPHS 


IV 


174 


CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 


«E1  Diario  Ilustrado»  as'early  as  1907 
and  since  that  date  has  made  drawings 
and  caricatures  for  practically  all  the 
magazines  and  newspapers  of  Santiago. 


IV  HISPANIC     NOTES 


Q.d^l/L^L.t.c^. 


BARRIOS 


175 


EDUARDO    BARRIOS 

Novelist;  dramatist. 

Eduardo  Barrios,  the  son  of  Eduar- 
do  Barrios  and  Isabel  Hudtwalcker, 
was  born  in  Valparaiso  on  the  twenty- 
fifth  of  October,  1884.  He  received  his 
secondary  education  in  Lima,  Peru, 
and  returning  to  Chile  entered  the  Mil- 
itary School  in  which  he  remained  two 
years. 

After  leaving  school  he  devoted  him- 
self to  business  interests  which  brought 
him  the  opportunity  of  visiting  the 
most  important  countries  of  South 
America.  Ten  years  of  travel  throughout 
the  Southern  continent  gave  him  a  wide 
knowledge  of  people  and  places  which 
has  added  greatly  to  the  interest  of  his 
novels  and  plays.  In  1910  he  was  appoint- 
ed to  the  position  of  Assistant  in  the 


AND    MONOGRAPHS 


IV 


176         CHILEANS     OF     TO-DAY 


University  of  Chile,  and  later  was  ad- 
vanced to  the  post  of  First  Inspector, 
a  position  which  he  holds  at  the  present 
time. 

Senor  Barrios  has  been  a  frequent 
contributor  to  the  magazines  of  Lima, 
Buenos  Aires  and  Montevideo,  As  well 
as  to  those  of  his  own  country.  He  is 
one  of  the  few  Chilean  writers  who 
have  written  for  the  theatre.  His  drama 
Mercaderes  en  el  Templo  received  first 
award  in  the  dramatic  contest  held  under 
the  auspices  of  the  Committee  of  Letters 
in  1912,  and  his  other  plays,  For  el  De- 
coro,  1913,  Lo  que  niega  la  Vida,  1914, 
Vivir,  1914,  have  met  with  favorable 
comment.  He  is  the  author  of  a  volume 
of  short  stories  entitled  Del  Natural, 
1907,  and  has  written  two  novels,  El 
Nino  que  enloquecio  de  Amor,  published 
in  1914,  which  has  passed  through  sev- 
eral editions,  and  Un  Perdido,  1918, 
generally  recognized   as  his  best  work. 


IV 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


SORO     BARRIGA 


177 


1- — 


ENRIQUE    SORO     BARRIGA 

Director  of  the  National 
Conservatory  of  music; 
composer. 


Enrique    Soro    Barriga,    the    son  j 
of  Jos6   Soro   and    Pilar   Barriga,   was  I 
born  on  the  fifteenth  of  July,  1886,  in  | 
Concepcion.  His  natural  inclination  to- i 
wards  music  was  fostered  in  an  artistic  1 
environment  and   his  instruction     con- 
tinued in  Santiago,  where  so  promising 
were  his  studies,   that,   with  the  sane- 1 
tion    and    support   of   the   government,  I 
I  he   proceeded   to   Milan    to   pursue   hisi 
I  career  in   the   Conservatory.   There  in  I 
!  1904  he  won  the  prize  for  the  most  com- 1 
'  prehensive    knowledge   of   instrumental 
'  music,  and  passed  his  examinations  as , 
[  « Master  of  Composition*.  | 

i      On  his  return  to  Chile  in  1905  he  was 
first    appointed    Professor,    afterwards 


AND     MONOGRAPHS 


IV 


178 


CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 


sub-Director,  and  in  1919  Director, 
of  the  National  Conservatory  of  Music 
in   Santiago. 

Sr.  Soro  is  the  author  of  more  than 
three  hundred  compositions  of  cham- 
ber and  concert  music,  which  have  been 
published  by  Ricordi  of  Milan  and 
Schirmer  of  New  York,  and  performed 
in  Buenos  Aires  and  New  York  as  well 
as  in  Chile.  He  has,  moreover,  been 
successful  with  his  popular  student 
and  patriotic  songs,  the  best  known 
being  The  American  Students'  hymn — 
the  words  of  which  were  written  by  the 
Peruvian  poet  Jose  Galvez — which  ob- 
tained the  first  award  at  the  Students' 
Conferencee  at  Lima  in  1912,  and  the 
Hymn  of  the  Pan-American  Congress, 
translated  from  the  words  of  E.  Poirier 
by  Professor  Shepherd  of  Columbia 
University  and  sung  at  the  second 
Conference  held  in  1915  at  Washing- 
ton. 


IV 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


Anibal  Echeverria  y  Reyes. 


ECHEVERRIA   Y    REYES 


179 


ANIBAL   ECHEVERRIA  Y   REYES 

Lawyer. 
AnIBAL     ECHEVERRIA    Y    ReYES    WaS 

born  on  the  eighteenth  of  July,  1864, 
in  the  city  of  Santiago  where  he  grew 
up,  was  educated  and  has  passed  his 
life.  He  went  to  school  in  the  academy 
of  the  Franciscans  and  in  1881  passed 
the  examinations  for  the  degree  of  Ba- 
chelor of  Arts,  then  entered  the  Univ- 
ersity, read  Law  and  won  the  title  of 
Advocate   in    1886. 

His  scholarly  and  literary  tastes 
were  strongly  marked  in  his  youth: 
in  1888  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
Ateneo  of  Santiago,  and  in  1890  he  was 
made  a  member  of  the  Royal  Academy 
of  Jurisprudence  of  Madrid.  He  was 
one  of  the  founders  of  the  Chilean  So- 
ciety   of    History    and    Geography    in 


AND    MONOGRAPHS 


IV 


180 

CHILEANS     OF    TO-DAY 

1 

i 

'1910,  and  in  1915  the  Chilean  Academy 
elected  him  an  Honorary  Member. 

He  has  held  few  public  offices,  having 
devoted  himself  to  study  and  author- 
ship, but  among  these  are,  Chief  Clerk 
in  the  Department  of  the  Interior,  and 
Judge  of  the  Civil  Courts  in  Talcahuano 
and  San  Bernardo. 

His  publications  are  numerous,  includ- 
ing more  than  forty  pamphlets  and 
books,  among  which  are:  Disquisicio- 
nes  Historicas,  1889;  El  Colera  en  Chile, 
1888;  Ensayo  Bibliogrdfico  sobre  la  Re- 
volucion  de  1891;  Ensayo  de  una  Bi- 
hlioteca  Chilena  de  Legislacion  y  Juris- 
prudencia,  1891;  La  Lengua  Araucana, 
1889;  Noticias  sobre  la  Lengua  Ataca- 
mena,  1890;  Voces  Usadas  en  Chile, 
1900;  Sobre  el  Lenguaje,  1897;  Solecis- 
mos  Chilenos,  1900;  La  Cancion  Na- 
cional  de  Chile,  1903. 

IV 

HISPANIC     NOTES 

BARROS     ERRAZURIZ 


ALFREDO  BARROS  ERRAZURIZ 

Lawyer;  public  man. 

Alfredo  Barros  Errazuriz  was 
born    in    Santiago   on    the  eleventh   of 

I  May,  1875.  He  was  educated  in  the 
Jesuit  School  of  San  Ignacio  and  in  the 
Law   School  of  the  Catholic  University 

,  where  he  received  his  degree  in  1896. 
In  1891,  while  still  a  student,  he  se- 
cured employment  in  the  Department 
of  the  Interior,  and  was  soon  promoted 
to  the  post  of  Chief  Clerk.  He  later  held 

,  the  position  of  Custodian  of  the  Archi- 
ves, and  in  1895  was  appointed  Head 
of  the  Section  of  Government  and  Mun- 
icipalities, a  post  which  he  held  until 
1900.    In    1906   he   was   the   successful 

j  candidate  for  Deputy  for  the  Depart- 

I  ment  of  Bulnes,  and  at  the  end  of  his 
three-year  term  of  office  was  re-elected. 


181 


ANp    MONOGRAPHS 


TV 


182 


CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 


In  1912  he  was  elected  Senator  for  the 
province  of  Llanquihue,  and  in  1918 
returned  to  the  Senate  as  the  repres- 
entative of  the  province  of  Linares.  In 
1914  he  was  appointed  Secretary  of  the 
Treasury  and  soon  afterwards  was  made 
Minister  of  War  and  the  Navy. 

As  Professor  of  Civil  Law  in  the  Cath- 
olic University  he  has  written  a  Cur  so 
de  Derecho  Civil,  used  as  a  text-book 
in  his  classes.  In  1896  he  published  the 
volume  Ley  de  Municipalidades  de  22 
de  Diciembre  de  1891,  written  in  colla- 
boration with  Enrique  Matta  Vial,  and 
in  1904  Alegato  pronunciado  ante  la  Corte 
de  Apelaciones  de  Santiago. 


IV 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


Enrique  Salvador  Sanfuentes 


SANFUENTES 


ENRIQUE    SALVADOR 
SANFUENTES 

Lawyer;  public  man; 
diplomat. 

Enrique  Salvador  Sanfuentes,  the 
!  brother  of  President  Sanfuentes  and 
son  of  the  eminent  writer  and  states- 
man Salvador  Sanfuentes,  was  born 
in  Santiago  on  the  fifteenth  of  July, 
I  1848.  He  went  to  school  in  the  National 
Institute  in  1860  and,  after  finishing 
his  courses,  entered  the  Law  School  of 
the  University  of  Chile  from  which 
he  obtained  the  degree  of  Licentiate 
in  Laws  and  Political  Sciences  in  1869 
and  in  the  following  year  was  admit- 
ted to  the  Bar. 

For  a  time  he- dedicated  himself  to 
the  practise  of  his  profession  but  soon 
abandoned  this  for  business  interests. 
Unusual  success  enabled  him  to  acquire 


AND     MONOGRAPHS 


IV 


CHILEANS     OF    TO-DAY      i 


a  considerable  fortune,  which  he  in- 
vested for  the  most  part  in  agricultural 
lands.  He  entered  publis  life  in  1888 
when  he  was  elected  Deputy  for  the 
department  of  Rancagua  and  in  the 
same  year  was  appointed,  by  President 
Balmaceda,  Secretary  of  the  Treasury. 
Soon  afterwards  he  was  appointed  Min- 
ister of  Public  Works  and  in  that  office 

I  helped  to  complete  the  improvements 
begun  under  the  administration  of  Pres- 
ident Balmaceda.  He  was  later  appoint- 
ed Minister  of  the  Interior  and  while 
holding  this  office  was  strongly  urged 
by  his  friends  to  become  a  candidate  for 

I  the  presidency,  but  on  being  asked  by 
President  Balmaceda-  to  give  up  these 
aspirations  and  defend  the  cause  of  the 
government  before  Congress,  he  renoun- 
ced the  opportunity.  It  was  not  long 
before  the  attitude  of  Congress  forced 
his  resignation  as  Minister  and  during 
the  revolutionary  period  which  follow- 

I  ed  he  took  no  part  in  politics. 

i      In  1893  he  was  chosen  a  member  of! 


IV     i  HISPANIC     NOTES 


SANFUENTES  185 


the  executive  committee  of  the  Liberal 
Democratic  Party;  and  in  March,  1894, 
elected  Senator  from  Coquimbo;  in 
1896  he  was  appointed  Minister  to 
France,  and  later  Minister  to  Spain, 
Switzerland,  the  Vatican,  Belgium  and 
Holland.  At  the  present  time  he  is  Coun- 
sellor of  the  Caja  de  Credito  Hipote- 
cario  and  administrator  of  the  House 
of  Correction  for  Women  in  Santiago. 
Since  1909  he  has  been  a  member 
of  the  Society  of  Primary  Instruction. 
He  has  received  the  following  decora- 
tions :  Grand  Cross  of  the  Order  of  the 
Rose,  Grand  Cross  of  the  Order  of 
Saint  Gregory  the  Great,  and  Knight 
of  the  Legion  of  Honor. 


AND     MONOGRAPHS  IV 


186 


CHILEANS    OF     TO-DAY 


RAFAEL  ERRAZURIZ  URMENETA 

Lawyer;,  author. 

Rafael  Errazuriz  Urmeneta  was 
born  in  Santiago  on  the  eleventh  of 
August,  1861,  the  scion  of  an  old  and 
distinguished  family,  his  father  being 
Maximiliano  Errazuriz  y  Valdivieso 
and  his  mother  Amalia  Urmeneta  y 
Quiroga.  He  was  educated  in  his  native 
city,  at  the  National  Institute  and  the 
University  of  Chile,  where  he  read  Law 
and  was  given  his  degree  on  the  twelfth 
of  August,  1881. 

Inspired  by  an  ancestry  which  had  been 
i  illustrious  in  one  or  another  field  of  art, 
I  Errazuriz  fixed  his  ambition  on  fame 
in  the  province  of  authorship,  and  from 
his  early  youth  began  to  write  in  the 
«Revista  de  Artes  y  Letras*  where 
among    other    contributions    from    his 


IV 


HISPANIC    NOTES 


ERRAZURIZ     URMENETA 

187 

pen    there   appeared   one   of   his   most 
admirable  essays  Al  traves  de  la  fanta- 
sia. 

He  was  elected   to   the  Chamber  of 
Deputies  to  represent  the  Department 
of  Ovalle  and  in  1897  was  elected  Sen- 
ator  for    the    Province   of   Aconcagua, 
but,  lacking  the  requisite  age  prescribed 
by   the  Constitution,   was  not  permit- 
ted to  take  his  seat.  He  served  for  a 
brief    period    as    Minister    of    Foreign 
Relations  and   soon   afterwards  accept- 
ed the  post  of  Envoy  to  the  Holy  See. 
During  the  past  twenty  years  he  has 
travelled    much    in    Europe,    studying 
especially  the  history  and  art  of  Scan- 
dinavia and  of  the  Italian  cities,   Rome 
and   Florence,  which  have  afforded  the 
chief  inspiration  for  his  books:  Escan- 
dinavia,  1902;  Mi  vida  en  Dresde,  1902i 
Roma,  (dos  tomos),  1904,  1906;  La  ciu- 
dad  de  los  Dux  (dos  tomos),  1907;  Flo- 
rencia;  Edad  Media  Medicis;  Arte,  (tres 
1  tomos)    1909,    1910. 

j 

t 

!         AND    MONOGRAPHS         ,      IV 

1 

188 

CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 

1 
1 

IV 

EMILIO  BELLO  CODECIDO 

Public  man;  diplomat. 

i 

Emilio    Bello    Codecido,    the    son 
of  Andres  Ricardo  Bello  and  grandson  i 
of  the  great  scholar  Andres  Bello,  was 
born    in    Santiago    on    the    thirty-first 
of  July,   1868.   He  studied   first  in   the 
English  School  directed   by  Mr.   Rad- 
ford,   and    then    entered    the    National 
Institute  where  he  had  the  opportun- 
ity of  counting  among  his  instructors 
such  famous  men  as  Miguel  Luis  Amu- 
nategui   and    Diego   Barros  Arana.   At 
the  age  of  fifteen   he  graduated   from 
the   Institute,   won   the  degree  of   Ba- 
chelor in   Philosophy   and   Letters  and 
entered  the  University  of  Chile.  After 
finishing  his  courses  in  the  Law  School 
he  was  admitted  to   the   Bar  in   April, 
1889. 

HISPANIC     NOTES 

Emilio  Bello  Codecido. 


BELLOCODECIDO 


189 


Even  before  obtaining  his  degree  in 
law  he  began  to  acquire  a  knowledge 
of  administrative  work  as  clerk  in  the 
War  and  Navy  Department.  After  his 
admission  to  the  Bar  he  collaborated 
with  Luis  Claro  Solar  and  Ernesto  A. 
Hiibner  in  the.  editing  of  the  Naval 
Penal  Code.  He  was  rapidly  promoted 
from  one  responsible  position  to  anoth- 
er until  finally  appointed  Assistant 
Secretary  of  War  and  the  Navy.  This 
post  he  resigned  when  the  revolution 
against  Balmaceda  broke  out  in  1891. 
During  the  years  1892  and  1893  he  de- 
voted himself  to  organizing  and  consol- 
idating the  Liberal  Democratic  group 
in  Valparaiso.  In  1894  he  was  elected 
Deputy  from  that  city  and  the  prestige 
he  had  gained  among  the  Liberals  soon 
won  for  him  the  post  of  Leader  of  the 
Liberal  Democratic  Party  and  Secretary 
of  the  Executive  Committee.  In  1897 1 
he  was  re-elected  Deputy  from  Val-i 
paraiso  and  in  the  following  year  wasj 
called  to  assume  the  portfolio  of  Labor 


AND    MONOGRAPHS 


190 


IV 


CHILEANS     OF    TO-DAY 


and  Public  Works.  In  1900  he  was  once 
more  elected  Deputy  from  Valparaiso, 
and  in  the  same  year  again  entrusted 
with  the  portfolio  of  Labor  and  Public 
Works.  Soon  afterwards  he  was  appointed 
Minister  of  Foreign  Affairs,  Worship  and 
Colonization,  an  important  post  as  boun- 
dary difficulties  with  Argentina  were  then 
at  high  tensioH.  His  skillful  handling 
of  this  delicate  situation  won  for  him 
the  appointment  of  Minister  to  Mexico. 
He  remained  in  that  country  until  1916 
and  then  was  appointed  Minister  to 
Bolivia,  a  position  which  he  holds  at 
the  present  day. 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


SILVA    CORTES 


ROMUALDO    SILVA    CORTES 

Lawyer;  public  official. 

RoMUALDo  SiLVA  CoRT^s,  the  son 
of  Romualdo  Silva  y  Prado  and  Julia 
Cortes  y  Campino,  was  born  on  the 
twenty-eighth  of  February,  1880,  in 
Santiago  and  there  was  educated  in 
the  San  Pedro  Nolasco  School,  the  Na- 
tional Institute,  the  Catholic  Univers- 
ity and  the  University  of  Chile,  where 
he  won  the  degrees  of  Bachelor  when 
he  was  fourteen.  Bachelor  of  Laws  when 
he  was  eighteen,  Licenciate  in  Law  at 
nineteen  and  received  his  title  of  Ad- 
vocate from  the  Courts  when  he  was 
twenty. 

He  entered  at  once  on  the  practise 
of  his  profession  and  upon  the  pursuit 
of  political  honors.  He  won  a  seat  in  the 
Chamber  of  Deputies  at  an  early  age 
and  has  served  there  during  four  terms, 


AND     MONOGRAPHS 


192 

CHILEANS     OF     TO-DAY 

meantime  serving  an  important  Commit- 
tees, such  as  the  Standing  Committee 
of  the  House,  but  dedining  posts  in 
the  Cabinet  though  these  have  been 
twice  offered  him.  He  was  elected  in 
1915  Counsellor  of  State,  but  resigned 
in  a  few  days;  on  the  other  hand  he  ser- 
ved as  Secretary  and  Civil  attache  in  the 
Legations  in  Paris  and  before  the  Holy 
See,  filling  these  and  other  public  pos- 
itions without  salary  or  compensation, 
as  a  service  to  the  state. 

Sr.  Silva  Cortes  has  occupied  acad- 
emic posts  of  distinction:  from  1902  to 
1912  he  was  Professor  of  Civil  Law  in 
the  Catholic  University;  in  1908  he  was 
Secretary  of  the  section  of  Juridical 
Science  in  the  Pan-American  Scien- 
tific Congress,  and  in  1914  he  was  chos- 
en vice-President^  of  the  Lawyers'  In- 
stitute of  Chile. 

He  is  an  occasional  lecturer  on  legal 
and  economic  questions  on  which  he 
has  also  written  many  articles  and 
pamphlets. 

IV 

HISPANIC     NOTES 

EDWARDS 


103 


ALBERTO    EDWARDS 


Writer;  public  man. 

Alberto  Edwards  was  born  in  Val- 
paraiso in  1873  and  received  his  early 
education  in  the  Sacred  Heart  School 
of  that  city,  but  when  he  began  to  study 
Law  he  went  to  Santiago  where  he  ob- 
tained his  degree  from  the  University 
in    1906. 

Although  devoting  himself  primarily 
to  his  profession  and  to  the  study  of 
political  history,  Senor  Edwards  has 
also  taken  his  place  in  public  life.  In 
1909  he  was  elected  Deputy  for  San- 
tiago as  representative  of  the  National 
Party.  He  took  a  prominent  part  in 
the  legislature  and  proposed  numerous 
important  measures,  among  them  one 
for  the  re-organization  of  the  govern- 
ment statistics.  Charged  by  the  Cham- 


AND    MONOGRAPHS 


194 

CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 

ber  of  Deputies  to  defend  the  measure 
before   the   Senate,   he   obtained    their 
unanimous    approval    of    the    project. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  Committee 
on    Banking    Legislation    and    in    that 
capacity   co-operated   in    the   prepara- 
tions for  conversion  of  the  paper  cur- 
rency.   In    1914,    during    the    adminis- 
tration of  President  Barros  Luco,  he  was 
entrusted    with    the    portfolio    of    the 
Treasury.  For  the  last  two  years  he  has 
been   head   of  the  Office  of  Statistics 
and  was  a  member  of  the  recent  com- 
mercial and  financial  commission  to  the 
United   States. 

He  was  one  of  the   founders  of  the 
Revista    de    Valparaiso    and    of     the 
Ciiilean    Historical    and    Geographical 
Society.  He  is  also  the  author  of  a  gen- 
eral  census  of   Chile,    (1907);  Apuntes 
para  el  estudio  de  la  organizacion  politica 
de  Chile;  Reflexiones  sobre  los  antecedentes 
y  consecuencias  de  la  Revolucion  de  1891; 
and  Bosquejo    histdrico  de  los  partidbs 
politicos  de  Chile,  1903. 

IV 

HISPANIC    NOTES 

BULNES     DE    VERGARA 


LUCIA  BULNES  DE  VERGARA 

WriUr. 

Lucia    Bulnes    de    Vergara,    the 
daughter   of    Manuel  Bulnes,    Marshal 
I  of   Ancach,    and    of    Enriqueta    Pinto, 
was  born  at   Santiago,  a  member  of  a 
!  notable    family    which    has    furnished 
I  three   Presidents  to  Chile:  Her  father 
was  President  from   1841   to   1851;  her 
[  maternal    grandfather,    Francisco    An- 
I  tonio  Pinto,  in  1827  and  1828,  and  her 
I  brother   Anibal    Pinto    filled    the   same 
'high  office  from  1876  to  1881.  She  re- 
ceived her  education  in  the  best  schools 
of  the  capital,  and  on  her  early  marriage 
with  Ruperto  Vergara  Rencoret  began 
the  first  of  a  series  of  extended  tours 
of  study  through  the  countries  of  the 
old  world  by  which  her  mind,  already 
marked   by   solidity  and  variety  of  in- 


195 


AND    MONOGRAPHS  IV 


196 


CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 


IV 


tellectual  interest,  acquired  breadth 
of  knowledge  and  larger  experience 
of  life.  The  results  of  her  wide  obser- 
vations she  has  condensed  for  the  ben- 
efit of  her  countrywomen  in  many  en- 
tertainingly written  articles  and  short 
stories,  a  number  of  which  have  appear- 
ed in  «Familia«  and  «La  Revista  Azul». 
Over  the  nom  de  plume  of  Ga'  Verra 
these  articles,  dealing  not  only  with 
matters  of  artistic  and  literary  criticism, 
but  also  with  such  practical  phases  of 
feminine  activity  as  household  manage- 
ment, are  to-day  looked  forward  to 
and  welcomed  by  the  society  of  the 
Chilean  capital. 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


Eduardo  Suarez  Mujica, 


SUAREZ    MUJiCA 


EDUARDO  SUAREZ  MUJICA 

Public  man;  diplomat. 

^  Eduardo  Suarez   Mujica,   the  son 
of  Eugenio  Suarez  and  Benedicta  Mu- 
jica, was  born  in  Santiago  on  the  twen-  i 
ty-third  of  April,  1859.  He  received  his  | 
early  training  in  the  National  Institute  j 
and  in  the  Sacred  Heart  School  of  San- 
tiago from  which  he  passed  to  the  Law 
School  of  the  University  of  Chile  and 
graduated   with    the   title   of   Bachelor 
of  Laws  and  Political  Sciences. 

In  1879  he  won  in  open  competition 
the  post  of  Clerk  in  the  Ministry  of 
Foreign  Relations.  There  he  achieved 
rapid  promotion  and  at  the  age  of  twen- 
ty-three was  appointed  to  the  respon- 
sible position  of  Assistant  Secretary. 
In  this  capacity  he  had  a  large  part  in 
the   difficult    task   of   terminating   the 


AND     MONOGRAPHS 


197 


IV 


198 


CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 


state  of  war  between  Chile  and  Peru. 
In  1888  he  withdrew  for  a  time  from 
public  Hfe  to  devote  himself  to  business 
interests,  but  returned  in  1901  when 
he  was  appointed  Governor  of  Atacama. 
His  competency  in  this  post  won  for 
him  the  election  as  Deputy  for  Copiap6 
and  Vallenar  for  three  successive  per- 
iods (1903-1909).  In  1908  President 
Pedro  Montt  appointed  him  Minister 
of  Justice  and  Public  Instruction.  He 
then  founded  the  Bihlioteca  de  Autores 
de  Chile,  a  series  of  volumes  published 
at  the  expense  of  the  Government  and 
designed  to  include  the  works  of  the 
most  important  Chilean  writers,  a  pat- 
riotic service,  for  which  he  received  a 
special  vote  of  thanks  from  the  First 
Pan-American  Congress. 

In  1909  he  entered  the  diplomatic 
service  as  Minister  to  Mexico  and  Cuba; 
in  1911  he  was  transferred  to  a  similar 
post  in  the  United  States,  and  in  1914, 
when  the  representatives  of  both  coun- 
tries were  raised  to  the  rank  of  embas- 


IV 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


SUAREZ     MUJICA 

199 

1 

i 

i 

i 
i 

sies,  he  had  the  honor  of  becoming  the 
first  Ambassador  in  the  diplomatic  his- 
tory of    Chile.  He     returned    to    Chile 
in    1916   and    the    following   year   was 
appointed  by  President  Sanfuentes  Min- 
ister of  Foreign  Affairs,  a  post  which 
he  held   until   the  middle  of  the  year 
1918. 

The  public  life  of  Sr.  Sudrez  has  been 
crowned    with    numerous    honors:    He 
1  was  President  of  the  First  Pan-Ameri- 
can  Scientific   Congress,   held   in   San- 
tiago   in    1908-1909,    President   of    the 
Congressional    Committee    on    Foreign 
Affairs  in  1909,  and  Special  Envoy  to 
the    Mexican    Centenary    of    1910.    In 
1914  he  was  one  of  the  three  members 
of  the  «A.  B.  C.».  Board  of  Mediation 
which   met  at   Niagara    Falls   to  solve 
the   differences    then    existing   between 
the  United  States  and  Mexico.  The  fol- 
lowing  year   he   was   chosen    President 
of  the  Second  Pan-American  Scientific 
Congress,  in  Washington,  and  appoint- 
ed arbiter  for  the  United  States  in  the 

AND    MONOGRAPHS 

IV  ! 

200 


CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 


!  International  Court  created  by  special 

treaty     to    adjust    certain    differences 

between  the   United   States   and    Italy. 

His  services  as  arbiter  received  public 

recognition  in  1917  when  the  Congress 

I  of   the  United   States  extended   him  a 

I  vote  of  thanks  and  a  gold  medal  which 

j  was  formally  presented  in  the  Embassy 

I  in  Santiago. 


IV 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


THAYER    OJEDA 


201 


LUIS  THAYER  OJEDA 


Public  official;  author; 
genealogist. 


Luis  Thayer  Ojeda,  the  descen- 
dant of  an  old  Massachusetts  family, 
was  born  on  the  twenty-eighth  of 
July,  1874,  and  was  educated  in  San- 
tiago at  the  San  Agustin  School  and  the 
National  Institute.  ! 

In  1895  he  entered  the  public  service  | 
in  which  he  has  continued  ever  since,  i 
He   was   first   appointed    Clerk   in    the 
Court    of    Public    Accounts,    and   has 
since  been  Clerk  of  the  Public  Archiv- 
es, Keeper  of  the  Archives,  and  Head  i 
of  the  office  of  the  National  Property. 

He  has  meantime  won  a  high  place  i 
among    writers    on     genealogical     and 
related     subjects,     contributing    many 
articles  in  this  field  to  the  leading  per- 
iodicals,   including    La    Libertad    Elec- 


AND    MONOGRAPHS 


iV 


202 


IV 


CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 


toral  and  La  Tarde,  in  1897,  La  Lira 
Chilena,  from  1897  to  1902,  Flores  Chi- 
lenas,  from  1898  to  1902  and  to  various 
others  in  the  interval,  using  a  variety 
of  pseudonyms,  as  C.  de  Waldec,  Os- 
prey,  Julio  de  Stac,  S.  R.  A.,  Santiago 
Ramirez  Aguirre  and  Sever o  Rodriguez, 
Astorga. 

Senor  Thayer  is  Director  of  the  Scien- 
tific Society  of  Chile  and  a  member  of 
the  Chilean  Society  of  History  and  Geo- 
graphy. 

Among  his  published  works,  all  of 
which  have  appeared  in  Santiago,  are: 
Santiago  de  Chiles  origen  del  nomhre  de 
sus  calles,  1904;  Navarros  y  Vasconga- 
dos,  1904;  Narraciones  Historicas,  1905; 
Farnilias  Chilenas,  1906;  La  Familia 
Thayer  de  Braintree,  1904;  The  Thayer 
Family  of  Brockworth;  El  Rev.  John 
Thayer,  1907;  and  in  a  wider  field: 
Cuestiones  relacionadas  con  la  hipdte- 
sis  de  la  formacion  del  Mediterrdneo, 
1919,  and  Elementos  etnicos  que  han 
intervenido  en  la  pohlacion  de  Chile,  1919. 


HISPANIC    NOTES 


"C^^^S^ 


DARTNELL 


PEDRO  PABLO    DARTNELL 

Soldier. 

Pedro  Pablo  Dartnell,  the  son 
of  Robert  Dartnell,  an  Irishman,  and 
Carmen  Encina  Ib^nez,  was  born 
on  the  twenty-fourth  of  December, 
1873,  in  Linares.  He  received  his  educ- 
ation at  the  Lyceum  of  his  native  town, 
and  at  the  Military  School  which  he 
entered  in  1888  and  where  he  devoted 
himself  especially  to  military  engineer- 
ing until  1891,  when  he  joined  the 
army  with  the  rank  of  Lieutenant.  In 
1897  he  was  sent  to  Europe  to  continue 
his  studies  and  at  Antwerp  was  attach- 
ed for  sixteen  months  to  an  Engineer- 
ing Regiment  of  the  Belgian  Army 
whence  he  passed  on  to  a  like  regiment 
of  the  Spanish  Army.  On  his  return  to 
Chile  in   1899  he  became  Secretary  to 


AND    MONOGRAPHS 


203 


IV 


204 

CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 

the    Inspector   of    Military    Engineers. 
By  1900  he  had  risen  to  a  Major's  rank 
and  in   that  year  was  named  Instruc- 
tor and  afterwards  Commander  of  the 
Engineering   Corps   stationed   at   Con- 
cepci6n.    In    1905   he    was    transferred 
to  Talcahuano,    with  the  rank  of  Lieu- 
tenant Colonel,  as  Director  of    Fortific- 
ations. In  1910  he  made  a  second  trip 
of   a   year's   duration    to    Europe    and 
studied  in  Paris  at  the  £cole  de  Guerre. 
He  was  promoted  in  1913  to  the  rank 
of  Colonel  and   to  the  office  of  Chile 
of   the   Administrative   Department   in 
the  Ministry  of  War;  in  the  following 
year    he    was    appointed    Inspector    of 
Ordnance;    in    1918     Inspector  of   En- 
gineers and  Chief  of  Engineering    and 
Communications  and   in    1919  received 
the  appointment  of  Commander  of    the 
Aerial  forces,  with  the  rank  of  General. 
• 

1 

IV 

HISPANIC     NOTES 

CADIZ    CALVO 


MAMERTO   CADIZ   CALVO 

Physician. 

Mamerto  Cadiz  Calvo,  the  son  of 
Juan  de  la  Cruz  C^diz,  was  born  in 
Santiago  in  1865.  After  graduating  at 
the  National  Institute,  he  entered  the 
School  of  Medicine  and  there  won  his 
Doctor's  degree,  later  completing  his 
course  of  studies  at  the  Pasteur  Insti- 
tute in  Paris.  From  1893  onwards  he 
officiated  in  the  Laboratory  department 
of  the  Institute  of  Hygiene,  first  as  as- 
sistant and  afterwards  as  Chief  of  Sec- 
tion. 

Appointed  Professor  of  Bacteriology 
at  the  School  of  Medicine  in  1901,  and 
of  Hygiene  in  1906,  he  to-day  still  con- 
tinues his  lectures  in  both  capacities. 
For  the  purpose  of  enquiring  into  the 
most  modern  treatment  of  infectious 
diseases  he  has,  at  the  instance  of  his 


AND    MONOGRAPHS 


205 


I\' 


206 


CHILEANS     OF    TO-DAY 


government,  paid  several  extended  vis- 
its to  Europe, — in  1897  when  he  was 
Chilean  delegate  to  the  twelfth  medical 
congress  at  Moscow,  and  to  the  fourth 
Tuberculosis  congress  in  Paris,  and 
again  in  1905,  when,  with  a  special  mis- 
sion to  investigate  the  treatment  of 
bubonic  plague,  he  was  named  Chilean 
representative  to  the  medical  congress 
then  in  session  at  Paris.  In  the  year 
1908  he  was  in  Washington  as  member 
of  the  Chilean  committee  in  the  Inter- 
national Tuberculosis  congress,  and  on 
frequent  occasions  has  visited,  in  a 
similar  character,  the  South  American 
capitals. 

The  results  of  his  studies  and  com- 
prehensive research  in  many  fields  of 
medical  science  have  been  published 
in  a  series  of  pamphlets,  in  the  minutes 
of  the  Council  of  Hygiene  and  in  the 
Annals  of  the  University. 

He  is  a  corresponding  member  of  the 
Pasteur  Institute  and  has  the  decoration 
of  the  Legion  of  Honor. 


IV     I  HISPANIC     NOTES 


Ismael  Tocornal. 


TOCORNAL 


ISMAEL   TOCORNAL 

Diplomat;  landed  proprietor. 

IsMAEL  TocoRNAL,  the  son  of  the 
statesman  Manuel  Antonio  Tocornal 
and  Carolina  Durnsther,  was  born  on 
the  fifth  of  April,  1865,  in  Santiago 
and  there  was  educated  at  the  San  Ig- 
nacio  School  and  the  University.  He 
studied  law,  had  a  brillant  student 
career  and  won  his  degree  as  Licentiate 
and  his  title  as  Advocate  in  1886  on 
presenting  a  thesis  on  the  Constitution 
of   1833. 

In  1887  he  joined  the  staff  of  the 
Bank  of  Chile  as  its  Secretary,  and  in 
1894  became  Manager  of  La  Estrella 
Insurance  Company.  In  1891  he  enter- 
ed political  life  as  Deputy  for  Yungay 
for  which  Department  he  was  again 
elected  in  1896.  In  1898  he  was  invited 


AND    MONOGRAPHS 


208 


CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 


by  President  Err^zuriz  Echaurren  to 
the  office  of  Minister  of  Finance;  in 
1910  he  was  Minister  of  the  Interior, 
and  when  in  that  year  President  Montt 
visited  Argentina  for  the  celebration 
of  her  centenary,  Sr.  Tocornal  fulfilled, 
during  his  absence,  the  duties  of  Vice- 
President.  In  1910  he  was  again  Min- 
ister of  the  Interior.  At  a  later  date  he 
entered  the  Senate  and  during  the  ad- 
ministration of  President  Sanfuentes 
acted  as  President  of  that  body.  In 
1919  he  was  named  chief  of  the  special 
Embassy  despatched  by  Chile  to  Eng- 
land to  return  the  visit  of  Sir  Maurice 
de  Bunsen. 

Senor  Tocornal  is  a  frequent  con- 
tributor on  economical  and  political 
topics  to  the  leading  journals  of  the  cap- 
ital, he  is  a  director  of  several  banks 
and  is  owner  of  extensive  estates  in  the 
neighbourhood  of  Santiago. 


IV 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


CORREA    PASTENE 


209 


MISAEL  C0RR1:A   PASTENE 


Journalist. 

MisAEL   CoRREA   Pastene,  .the  son 
of  Policarpo  Correa  and  Nicolasa  Pas- 1 
tene,  was  born  at  Ovalle  in  the  prov- 1 
ince  of  Coquimbo  on  the  twentieth  of 
June,  1870.  Until  he  was  seventeen  years 
of  age  he  studied   in    the   local   schools , 
and  thereafter  in  Santiago.  In  1893  he  ; 
was  appointed  reporter  on  «E1  Constitu-  j 
cional»  of  Santiago  whence  he  passed 
to  Talca  in  the  following  year  as  editor 
of  «La  Libertad».  In  1898  he  founded 

Los  Tiempos*  in  Iquique,  and  sub- 
sequently   accepted  the    editorship    of 

La  Patria»  in  the  same  town.  From 
there  he  went  in  1902  to  Valparaiso 
on  the  staff  of  «La  Uni6n»  and  the  next 
year  to  «E1  Diario  Ilustrado»  of  San- 
tiago which  under  his  editorship  acquir- 


AND    MONOGRAPHS 


IV 


210 


CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 


ed  the  largest  circulation  among  Chil- 
ean daily  papers. 

From  1916  to  1919,  when  he  retired, 
he  edited  «La  Union »  of  Santiago.  For 
his  unwavering  defence  of  public  in- 
terests and  for  the  brilliance  of  his  style 
he  is  one  of  the  most  conspicuous  of 
contemporary  Chilean  journalists.  To- 
day he  contributes  articles  on  litera- 
ture and  philosophy  to  the  reviews. 


IV  HISPANIC    NOTES 


DEL    CANTO 


211 


ESTANISLAO    DEL    CANTO 

Army   officer. 

EsTANiSLAO  DEL  Canto,  the  son  of 
Jos6  Alejo  del  Canto  and  Mercedes 
Arteaga,  was  born  in  Quillota  on  the 
thirteenth  of  November,  1840.  When 
he  was  three  years  of  age  his  family 
moved  to  the  South  of  Chile,  establish- 
ing themselves  in  the  town  of  Santa 
Cruz  de  Unco,  then  a  part  of  the  prov- 
ince of  Colchagua.  There  he  received 
his  early  schooling,  remaining  in  Santa 
Cruz  until  1856  when  his  parents  moved 
to  Santiago. 

Against  the  wishes  of  his  father  he 
chose  the  military  career  and  after  some 
difficulty  succeeded  in  entering  the 
Military  School.  Here  he  distinguished 
himself  in  many  courses  and  in  February, 
1859,  was  incorporated  into  Line  Reg- 


AND    MONOGRAPHS 


IV 


212 

CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 

iment  N.°  7,  which  had  been  organiz- 
ed to  take  the  field  against  the  North- 
ern  Revolutionists.  With   these   troops 
he   took   part   in   the   Battle  of   Cerro 
Grande    (April    29,     1859),     under    the 
orders    of    Brigadier-General  Juan  Vi- 
daurre   Leal.    In    1861    he  participated 
as  Second  Lieutenant  in  the  campaign 
in  Araucania,  he  assisted  in   the  recon- 
struction of   the  Negrete   Fort,   in   the 
building  of  the  town  of  Mulch^n,  and 
in  the  delineation  and  fortification  of 
the  new  town  of  Angol. 

When  the  war  with  Spain  broke  out  his 
battalion   was   ordered   to   protect   the 
garrison    in    the    port    of    Talcahuano 
which  had 'been  blockaded  by  the  Span- 
ish frigate  Resolucion.  In  December  of 
the  same  year  he  was  put  in  command 
of   a    company    of   light    infantry    and 
charged  with  dislodging  the  crew  of  one 
of  the  launches  of  the  Resolucidn  who 
had  disembarked  on  the  Island   of  Ro- 
cuan.  In  January,  1867,  he  returned  to 
the  territory  of  the  Araucanians  and  re- 

IV 

HISPANIC    NOTES 

DEL    CANTO 

213 

- 

1 

1 

IV  ! 

mained  there  until  June,    1871,    taking 
1  part  in  all   the  campaigns  against  the 
Indians  during  that  period.  When  the 
department  of  Canete  was  created   in 
October,  1875,    he    was    appointed    its 
first  Governor  and  held  this  post  until 
December,  1876.  In  the  following  year 
he  was  appointed  Adjutant  to  the  com- 
mander of  Arauco  and  soon  afterwards 
was  assigned  to  a  similar  post  in  Llan- 
quihue. 

When  the  War  of  the  Pacific  broke 
out    he  was  appointed  Second-in-Com- 
mand  of  the  Civic  Regiment  organized 
in  Valparaiso  and  with  it  embarked  in 
May,    1879.    Landing    in    Antofagasta 
he  was  in  that  port  when  it  was  bom- 
barded by  the  Hiidscar.  He  took  part 
in  the  capture  of  Pisagua  on  November 
the  second  and   in   the  Battle  of  San 
Francisco,    winning    the    praise    of    his 
superiors    for    his    skillful    manoueuv- 
ering.  In  January,  1880,  he  was  put  in 
command  of  the  Second  Line  Regiment 
and  in  that  capacity  took  part  in  the 

AND    MONOGRAPHS 

214 


CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 


IV 


assault  on  Los  Angeles  on  March  22, 
1880,  receiving  special  commendation 
for  gallantry  from  General  Baquedano. 
He  participated  in  the  Battle  of  Tacna 
and  on  November  15,  left  with  the  Ex- 
peditionary Forces  for  the  attack  on  the 
Peruvian  capital.  Landing  at  Pisco 
and  marching  on  toward  Lima,  he  fought 
in  the  skirmishes  of  Valle  Bajo  and  Mala 
and  assisted  in  the  decisive  defeat  of  the 
Peruvian  troops  at  Chorrillos  and  Mi- 
raflores.  After  the  occupation  of  Lima 
he  also  took  part  in  the  mountain  cam- 
paigns against  the  guerrilla  forces  main- 
tained by  the  Peruvians. 

In  1885  he  was  named  Assistant 
Director  of  the  Military  School  and 
in  the  same  year  appointed  to  the  Gen- 
eral Staff.  In  1890,  President  Balma- 
ceda  took  umbrage  at  his  political  opin- 
ions and  arranged  his  transference  to 
Tacna.  The  Revolution  of  1891  soon 
followed  and  del  Canto  joined  in  the 
struggle  on  the  side  of  the  Constitutional 
Forces.  Appointed   Commander-in-chief 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


DEL     CANTO 


of   the   land    troops   he   conducted    the 
battles  of  Pisagua,  Huara,  Pozo  Almonte  ! 
and  Concon.   In  the  battle  of  Placilla  \ 
the    Balmaceda   forces   were   decisively  | 
defeated   and   the   revolutionary   cause 
was  won.   When   the  new  government 
came  into  power  del  Canto  was  raised 
to  the  rank  of  Division  General.  In  1892 
he  was  sent  abroad  to  study   the   mili- 
tary systems  of   the  European   govern- 
ments. He  remained  in  Europe  four  years 
and  soon  after  his  return  to  Chile    re- 
tired from  the  army. 


AND    MONOGRAPHS 


216 


CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 


ABDON    CIFUENTES 

Public  man. 

Abdon  Cifuentes,   the  son  of  Jose 
Maria   Cifuentes  and    Pabla   Espinosa, 
was  born  at  San  Felipe  in  May,  1836. 
He  studied  in  the  schools  of  his  native 
town,  in  the  National  Institute  and  in 
the  University  where  in    1861   he  was 
granted  his  lawyer's  degree,  but,  feel- ! 
ing  that  his  vocaton  lay  in  the  teach- 1 
ing  profession,   he  accepted  a  post  in  j 
San  Luis  school  and    there  taught  his- 1 
tory  for  a  considerable  period ;  in  1862 
he  was  appointed  professor  of  second- 
ary studies  in  the  National     Institute 
where    he    remained  for  more  than  a 
quarter   of    a    century    and  in  March, 
1889,  to    the    chair    of    Constitutional 
Law     in    the    Catholic    University.    In 
July  1882  he  was  elected  a  member  of 


IV 


HISPANIC    NOTE 


CIFUENTES 


217 


the  Faculty  of  Philosophy  and  Letters. 

A  Conservative  in  politics,  he  contrib- 
uted many  articles  to  the  Conservative 
and  Catholic  journals  «E1  Conserva- 
dor»  and  «La  Revista  Cat61ica»;  in 
1864,  with  Sr.  Zorobabel  Rodrfguez,  he 
founded  and  edited  «E1  Independiente», 
and  subsequently  helped  in  establish- 
ing in  Copiap6,  «E1  Amigo  del  Pafs»; 
in  San  Felipe,  «E1  Doce  de  Febrero»;i 
in  Santiago,  «La  Estrella  de  Chile* ; 
in  Valparaiso,  «La  Union »;  in  Talca, 
!  «E1  Artesano»;  and  in  Concepci6n,  «La 
Libertad  Cat61ica».  In  1863  he  inaug- 
urated the  San  Felipe  Public  Library 
which,  thanks  to  his  efforts,  was  soon 
firmly  established. 

In  1867  he  was  one  of  the  founders  \ 
of    the   political    siociety,    «Amigos   del 
Pais»   which   in   1870  had  considerable 
weight  in  the  national   politics,  and  in 
1883,  helped   to   found   the  benevolent  \ 
society   «La  Union  Cat61ica  de  Chile*. ! 

He  represented    the    Department    of  1 
Rancagua  in  the  Chamber  of  Deputies! 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


IV 


218 


CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 


IV 


almost  without  intermission  from  1867 
until  1891,  and  in  July  of  1867  was 
nominated  under- Secretary  for  Foreign 
Affairs,  an  office  which  he  held  until 
1871,  when  on  the  advent  of  the  Err4- 
zuriz  administration  he  was  appointed 
to  the  Ministry  of  Justice  and  Public 
Instruction  where  he  remained  until 
1873.  In  1892  he  was  elected  Senator 
for  the  province  of  Llanquihue;  from 
1894  to  1897,  for  Aconcagua;  and  from 
1906  to  1912,  for  Santiago.  In  1910  he 
became  a  member  of  the  Board  of  the 
«Caja  de  Cr^dito  Hipotecario»,  and  in 
1912  was  chosen  by  the  Senate  as  its 
representative  in  the  Council  of  State. 
He  has  made  many  voyages  to  Europe 
and  in  1870  acted  for  a  brief  period  as 
Secretary  of  Legation  in  Paris.  At 
present  Dr.  Cifuentes  is  President  of 
the  « Union  Nacional  de  Obreros»,  and 
Vice-president  of  the  «Centro  Cristia- 
no». 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


CASTRO     RUIZ 


CARLOS   CASTRO    RUIZ 


219 


Public  man. 


Carlos  Castro  Ruiz,  the  son  of 
Guillermo  Castro  and  Aurora  Ruiz 
Zavala,  was  born  in  Freirina,  Province 
of  Coquimbo,  on  the  fifth  of  March, 
1886.  He  received  his  early  education 
in  the  National  Institute  and  in  the 
Talca  Lyceum,  and  after  obtaining  his 
degree  of  Bachelor  of  Letters,  pursued 
courses  in  the  Law  Schools  of  the  Cath- 
olic University  and  the  University  of 
Chile.  In  April.  1908,  he  was  admitted 
to  the   Bar. 

He  has  passed  his  life  largely  in  the 
public  service:  in  1912  he  was  appoint- 
ed Secretary  of  the  Chilean  delegation 
to  the  Juridical  Congress  in  Rio  de  Ja- 
neiro; in  1914  he  was  again  sent  as  de- 
legate to  the  same    congress,    and  was 


AND    MONOGRAPHS 


IV 


1 

220 

CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 

IV 

later  made  a  member  of  the  Executive 
Committee    of  the    Permanent    South- 
American  Railroad  Congress. 

During  the  years  1903  to  1906  he  was 
Secretary    to    the    Minister    of    Public 
Instruction;  froum   1907  to   1909,  Sec- 
retary to  the  President  of  the  Republic; 
from    1909-1912    he   was    head    of    the 
Section    of    Consular    and    Diplomatic , 
Information  in  the  Ministry  of  Foreign 
Relations,    and    from    then    until    1916 : 
was    Assistant    Secretary    of    Foreign  i 
Relations,  when  he  was  appointed  Con- ; 
sul  General  to  the  United  States  and 
Counsellor    to    the    Chilean    Embassy. 

Upon  his  return  to  Chile  in  1919  he 
was    appointed    assistant-Secretary    of 
the  Department  of  Railroads  fron  which 
post   he   resigned    in    1920    to    become 
assistant-Manager  of  the  Bank  of  Chile. 
He  has  recently  been  elected  Professor 
of  Legal  Medicine  in  the  University  of 
Chile  and  the  Catholic  University. 

Senor   Castro    Ruiz   is   an    academic 
member  of  the   Faculty  of  Laws  and 

1 
HISPANIC     NOTES 

CASTRO    RUIZ 


Political  Sciences  of  the  University  of 
Chile,  and  is  the  author  of  the  follow- 
ing works:  Jurisprudencia  de  la  Can- 
cilleria  Chilena  with  an  introduction 
by  Professor  John  Basset t  Moore  of 
Columbia  University;  Proyectos  de  De- 
recho  Internacional  Privado;  Estudios 
de  Medicina  Legal,  and  El  Gobierno  de 
Chile  y  la  Doctrina  Monroe,  issued  by 
the  American  Academy  of  Political 
Sciences. 


221 


AND    MONOGRAPHS         |     IV 


222 


CHILEANS     OF    TO-DAY 


RAMON  CORBALAN  MELGAREJO 

Physician;  public  man, 

Ramon  Corbalan  Melgarejo  the 
son  of  Ram6n  Corbaldn  Julio  and  Ven- 
tura Melgarejo  was  born  on  the  twenty- 
third  of  September,  1863,  at  Copiap6 
in  the  Province  of  Atacama.  He  receiv- 
ed his  early  instruction  at  the  Lyceum 
of  his  native  town,  and  afterwards,  at 
the  University  of  Chile,  studied  med- 
icine and  gained  his  degree  in  1890. 

He  was  elected  to  the  Chamber  of 
Deputies  in  1894,  and  re-elected  for  two 
consecutive  legislative  terms  for  Co- 
piap6;  in  1900  he  was  chosen  Deputy 
for  Arauco;  from  1903  for  two  consec- 
utive terms  he  was  Deputy  for  San- 
tiago; from  1909  to  1912  for  Illapel; 
and  from  1912  to  1915,  for  Ovalle. 

In  Congress  he  devoted  himself  chief- 
ly to  measures  for  the  betterment  of  the 


IV 


HISPANIC    NOTES 


^/^z,^^^^^  ^^.e^A^e^ia^^  At^it^t^y^  __ 


CORBALAN     MELGAREJO 


public  health;  he  drafted,  with  the  aid 
of  Dr.  Paulino  Alfonso,  the  Public 
Health  Act  which  was  sanctioned  by 
the  Cabinet  in  1895  and  promoted  the 
law  for  the  foundation  of  the  Instit- 
ute of  Hygiene  for  the  modern  treatment 
of  social  diseases.  In  1909,  again  with 
Dr.  Alfonso,  he  laid  before  Congress 
the  draft  of  the  Sanitary  Code  which 
was  unanimously  approved  by  the  Sen- 
ate in  1909,  and  finally  passed  into  law 
in  1918.  Since  March,  1894,  he  has  been 
a  member  of  the  Committee  of  Public 
Health  and  its  sometime  President; 
since  1901,  a  member  of  the  Faculty 
of  Medicine  and  since  1919,  Director 
of  the  National  Sanitary  Service.  For 
fifteen  years  he  was  Consulting  Phy- 
sician to  the  Salvador  Hospital,  but 
resigned    in    1915. 

He  was  vice-President  of  the  Cham- 
ber of  Deputies  and  in  the  administra- 
tion of  President  German  Riesco,  Min- 
ister of  War  from  March  to  August, 
1905,  and  again  in  1914. 


223 


AND    MONOGRAPHS 


IV 


224 


CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY      i 


GERMAN  VALENZUELA 
BASTERRICA 

Physician;  surgeon. 

German  Valenzuela  Basterrica, 
the  son  of  Juan  Fernando  Valenzuela 
and  Juana  Basterrica,  was  born  on  the 
ninth  of  April,  1859,  in  the  Province 
of  Curico,  but  was  educated  in  San- 
tiago where  he  studied  in  the  National 
Institute  and  the  University. 
I  In  1882  he  obtained  his  degree  of 
I  Surgeon ;  in  the  following  year  he  was 
appointed  City  Physician  of  Combar- 
bal^  and  in  1887,  during  the  epidemic 
of  Cholera,  he  held  a  similar  position 
in  La  Serena. 

In  1897  the  Government  commis- 
sioned him  to  visit  Europe  and  the 
United  States  to  study  Dentistry  and 
on   his  return  he  was  made  Professor 


IV 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


VALENZUELA     BASTERRICA 


of  Dentistry  and  Head  of  the  Dental 
School.  In  1890  he  was  appointed  Sur- 
geon of  the  Hospital  of  San  Juan  de 
Dios  and  he  also  served  from  1890  till 
1893  as  Head  of  the  surgical  clinic. 

He  is  a  member  of  the  Medical  Fac- 
ulty of  the  University  and  was  President 
of  the  Medical  Society  in  1918.  In  1909 
he  discovered,  as  a  result  of  a  study 
made  on  the  teeth  of  the  victim,  the 
atrocious  crime  of  the  German,  Becker. 

He  is  the  author  of  Los  Progresos 
de  la  Cirugia  en  Chile,  1905,  and  Apun- 
tes  de  Cirugia,  1918. 


225 


AND    MONOGRAPHS 


IV 


226 


IV 


CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 


FEDERICO    GANA    Y    GANA 

Author. 

Federico  Gana  y  Gana,  the  son 
of  Federico  Gana  Munizaga  and  Ro- 
sario  Gana  Castro,  was  born  on  the 
fifteenth  of  January,  1867,  in  Santiago 
where  he  received  his  secondary  educ- 
ation at  the  National  Institute.  He 
entered  the  University  in  1885  with 
the  degree  of  Bachelor  of  Philosophy 
and  studied  Law  till  in  1890  he  won  his 
title  of  Licentiate  and  was  called  to 
the  Bar.  In  the  same  year  he  was  ap- 
pointed Secretary  of  Legation  in  Lon- 
don, a  post  that  the  revolution  of  1891 
compelled  him  to  resign. 

He  made  his  first  appearance  in  lit- 
erature in  1886  with  some  readings 
from  his  own  works  given  before  the 
Ateneo  and  the  Club  del  Progreso.  Since 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


GANA    Y    GANA 


227 


that  time  he  has  devoted  himself  espe- 
cially to  the  writing  of  short  stories  of 
rural  life  which  have  appeared   in   the 
periodicals  of  both  Chile  and  Argentina. 
Of  these  stories  a  number  were  collected 
and  published  in   1916  under  the  title 
of  Dias  de  Campo.    In  addition  to  this 
work  he  has   translated   for  the  Tour- 
ists' Library  the   Viaje  por  la  America 
Meridional  by  Mel  let,  the  Viaje  a  Chile,  \ 
by  Captain  Lafond  de  Lurzy;    ExtractO' 
de  su  viaje  a  Chile,  by  Basil"  Hall,  and 
has  now  in  preparation  other  volumes 
of  stories  entitled  Manchas  de  color  and  i 
Novelas  cartas. 


AND    MONOGRAPHS 


IV 


228 


CHILEANS     OF    TO-DAY 


LUIS  CLARO  SOLAR 

Lawyer;  teacher. 

Luis  Claro  Solar  was  born  in  San- 
tiago on  the  twentieth  of  January, 
1857,  the  son  of  Jose  Luis  Claro  and 
Amalia  Solar.  He  studied  in  the  Na- 
tional Institute  from  1870  to  1876,  and, 
entering  the  Law  School  of  the  Univ- 
ersity of  Chile,  was  admitted  to  the 
Bar  in  1880. 

During  the  stormy  regime  of  Pres- 
ident Balmaceda  he  was  Assistant  Sec- 
retary of  the  Interior,  a  charge  which 
he  resigned  at  the  outbreak  of  the  par- 
liamentary revolution  in  1891.  As  soon 
as  conditions  became  normal  again 
he  devoted  himself  to  his  profession 
and  met  with  more  than  an  ordinary 
amount  of  success.  From  1896  to  1905 
he    was    counsel    for    various    banking 


IV 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


Luis  Claro  Solar. 


CLARO    SOLAR 


229 


companies  and  attorney  to  the  Treas- 
ury. 

He  entered  the  teaching  profession 
in  1897  as  Professor  of  Civil  Law  in 
the  University  of  Chile,  holding  this 
chair  until  1912.  During  the  period  of 
his  professorship  he  published  two  vol- 
umes on  legal  subjects,  entitled  Expli- 
caciones  de  Derecho  Civil  Chileno  y  Com- 
parado,  a  work  which  proved  of  great 
value  to  his  classes.  Since  1912  he  has 
represented  the  province  of  Aconcagua 
in  the  Senate  and  has  taken  a  pro- 
minent part  in  the  debates  dealing 
with  economic  topics.  During  the  pre- 
sent administration  of  President  San- 
fuentes  he  has  several  times  been  called 
upon  to  serve  as  Secretary  of  the  Treas- 
ury. 

At  the  present  time  he  is  Superin- 
tendent of  the  Santiago  Fire  Company, 
a  voluntary  organization,  and  director 
of  numerous  Chilean  stock  companies. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  Liberal  Party 
and    President    of    the    Liberal    Union. 


AND    MONOGRAPHS  IV 


230 


CHILEANS     OF    TO-DAY 


AGUSTIN  EDWARDS 

Public  man;  diplomat. 

Agustin  Edwards,  the  son  of  Agus- 
tin  Edwards  and  Maria  Luisa  Mac 
Clure,  was  born  in  Santiago  in  1886. 
He  received  his  education  in  the  Sacred 
Heart  School  and  devoted  himself  to 
business. 

In   the  general   elections  of   1900  he 
was   elected    Deputy   for   the   province 
of  Quillota  and  re-elected  to  the  Cham- 
ber   for  three  successive    terms.    From 
November  14,  1902,  to  June  2,  1903,  he 
was  First  vice-President  of  the  Cham- 
j  ber,  and  from  September,  1903,  to  Jan- 
I  uary,   1904,   held   the  post  of  Minister 
I  of  Foreign   Relations.   In   this  capacity 
it  fell  to  him  to  play  a  prominent  part 
in  an  attempt  to  settle  the  long-stand- 
ing litigation  between  Peru  and  Chile. 


IV 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


Agustin  Edwards. 


EDWARDS 


231 


In  August,  1905,  he  was  again  called  ■ 
to  assume  the  portfolio  of  Foreign  Re- 1 
lations  and  held  this  office  until  Octo- 
ber of  the  same  year.  During  this  period  j 
he  was  head  of  the  Cabinet  and  incid- ' 
entally  Minister  of  the  Interior. 

In  1906  he  was  appointed  Minister  to  j 
Spain,  Italy  and  Switzerland,  and  in  the  ' 
same   year   was   delegate    to  the  Inter- 
national Conference  in  Geneva.  In  June,  I 
1909,  he  was  once  more  made  Minister  | 
of  Foreign  Relations  and  held  this  post  | 
until  August  when  he  assumed  the  du-  j 
ties  of  Minister  of  the  Treasury.  In  that 
capacity    he    signed    the     message     of 
President    Pedro    Montt    vetoing     the 
measure  which  provided  for  a  new  issue 
of  paper  money.    In    September,    1910, 
he  was    for    the    fourth  time  appointed  . 
Minister  of  Foreign    Relations,    and   in  I 
1911,  appointed  Minister  to  England,  a  I 
post  which  he  holds  at  the  present  time,  I 
and  in  which  he  has  gained  great  credit 
and  has  received  many  marks  of  consid- 
eration    from     the     diplomatic     corps, 


AND     MONOGRAPHS 


IV 


232 


CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 


from  various  learned  societies  and  from 
the  Court. 

Sr.  Edwards  is  the  owner  of  El  Mer- 
curio,  the  leading  newspaper  of  Chile, 
which  issues  editions  in  Santiago,  Val- 
paraiso and  Antofagasta  and  he  is  the 
author  of  Lo  que  vi  en  Espana,  1896, 
a  volume  of  impressions  of  travel,  and 
of  its  sequel,  La^  tres  fiestas  de  Sevilla, 
1897. 


IV  HISPANIC     NOTES 


VALDES    CUEVAS  233 


FRANCISCO    DE    BORJA 
VALDES  CUEVAS 

Man  of  affairs. 

Francisco  de  Borja  Valdes  Cue- 
VAS,  the  son  of  Francisco  de  Borja  Val- 
des y  Aldunate  and  Alejandra  Cuevas 
y  Arana,  was  born  in  1849  in  Santiago. 
He  was  educated  at  the  National  Insti- 
tute, in  the  Schools  of  the  French 
Fathers,  and  the  University,  which 
he  left  on  the  completion  of  the  fourth 
year  of  the  law  course  to  apply  himself 
to  business  and  agriculture.  In  both 
of  these  fields  he  has  achieved  an  in- 
fluential position:  he  has  served  on  the 
Board  of  Directors  of  the  Railways,  of 
the  National  Agricultural  Society,  the 
Commercial  Bank  and  the  Agricultural 
Bank.  At  the  present  time  he  is  Direc- 


AND    MONOGRAPHS 


IV 


234 


CHILEANS     OF    TO-DAY 


tor  of  the  National  Insurance  Company 
and  of  the  Bank  of  Chile. 

He  has  interested  himself  as  well  in 
public  and  educational  work:  he  has 
served  as  Director  of  the  Industrial 
Training  School,  member  of  the  Visit- 
ing Committee  of  Lyceum  N.'^  2,  of  the 
Public  Vaccination  Board,  and  is  now 
President  of  the  School  of  Arts  and 
Handicrafts. 

In  1880  he  was  elected  to  Congress 
as  Deputy  for  the  Department  of  Cau- 
polican  and  in  1896  was  appointed  Min- 
ister of  Industries  and  Public  Works, 
an  office  which  he  held  again  a  few 
years  later. 

He  is  a  strong  advocate  of  state  control 
for    the    principal    Chilean    industries. 


IV  HISPANIC     NOTES 


VIAL     SOLAR 


2S5 


JAVIER    VIAL    SOLAR  I 

Lawyer;  publicist;  diplomat. 

Javier  Vial  Solar,  the  son  of  Wen- 
ceslao  Vial  and  Luisa  del  Solar,  was 
born  on  the  thirty-first  of  July,  1854, 
in  Santiago.  There  he  studied  in  the 
Seminary  until  1869;  in  1871  he  entered 
the  University  from  which  he  received 
the  degree  of  Licentiate  and  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  Bar  in  1879.  When  in 
the  same  year  the  war  with  Peru  began,  j 
he  joined  the  forces  and  did  competent 
service  in  the  work  of  reorganizing  the 
occupied  territory. 

He  has  held  many  important  offices:! 
in   1880  he  was  appointed  to  the  Mil- ■ 
itary  Courts  of  the  Army  of  Occupa- 
tion;  in    1884   he   served   as   Secretary 
on  the  Arbitration  Board  to  assess  the 
damages  occasioned   to   German   inter- 


AND     MONOGRAPHS 


IV 


236 


IV 


CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 


ests  during  the  war;  in  1889  he  was 
elected  Deputy  to  Congress;  in  1892 
he  was  appointed  Minister  to  Peru 
and  at  a  later  date,  Minister  to  Brazil. 
On  his  return  to  Chile  he  was  made 
District  Attorney  of  Santiago. 

Among  his  published  works  dealing 
with  questions  of  international  inter- 
est are:  Los  Tratados  de  Chile:  La  Colo- 
nia,  La  Independencia,  La  Repuhlica;  La 
Revolucion  Chilena;  El  problema  del 
Norte;  Pdginas  Diplomdticas ;  Dona  Ma- 
ria de  Almanza;  El  Cahallero  de.la  Glo- 
ria; Conversaciones  sobre  la  Guerra  Euro- 
pea. 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


ALEGRIA 

237 

CARLOS  ALEGRIA 

Painter. 

Carlos  Alegria,  the  son  of  Isido- 
ro  Alegria  and  Modesta  Salinas,  was 
born  in  the  town  of  Putaendo,  Province 
of  Aconcagua,  in  1882.  He  gained  his 
academic  education  and  also  his  early 
artistic  training  in  Santiago,  in  the 
Seminary  and  in  the  School  of  Fine 
Arts. 

His  talent  as  a  painter  disclosed  itself 
in  his  youth,  and  in  1902,  when  he  was 
twenty,  he  won  the  third  prize  in  the 
Annual  Salon  in  Santiago;  in  the  fol- 
lowing year  the  second,  and  in  1904, 
the  first  prize.  In  1907  he  went  to  Paris 
to  study  under  French  masters,  and  in 
1910  the  Chilean  Government  made  him 
a  grant  to  enable  him  to  remain  and 
continue  his    studies.  While  he  was  in 

IV 

AND    MONOGRAPHS 

238 

CHILEANS     OF     TO-DAY 

1 

Paris' he  exhibited  paintings  in  the  Salon 
of  the  Society  of  French  Artists  in  1911 
and    in    that   of   the   National    Society 
of  f'ine  Arts  in   1913.  Since  his  return 
to  Chile  he  has  chosen  to  show  his  work 
at  private  view. 

1 

IV 

HISPANIC    NOTES 

PEREIRA    INIGUEZ 


GUILLERMO    PEREIRA    iNlGUEZ 

Lawyer;  public  man. 

GuiLLERMO  Pereira  Iniguez,  the 
son  of  Luis  Pereira  and  Carolina  Ini- 
guez, was  born  on  the  sixth  of  Nov- 
ember, 1873,  in  Santiago  and  there 
was  educated  in  the  San  Ignacio  school 
and  the  University,  winning  his  degree 
of  Licentiate  in  Law  in  1896  and  his 
title  of  Advocate  the  same  year. 

Four  years  later  he  entered  Con- 
gress as  Deputy  from  the  Department 
of  Ancud  and  has  retained  his  place 
by  successive  re-elections  until  the 
present.  During  his  period  of  service  he 
has  had  an  influential  part;  he  has 
served  on  important  committees,  in 
eluding  those  of  Foreign  Affairs,  Re- 
vision of  the  Constitution  and  Public 
Education ;  he  has  served  on  two  occa- 


AND    MONOGRAPHS 


IV 


240 


CHILEANS     OF     TO-DAY 


sions  on  the  Joint  Commission  to  repre- 
sent Congress  during  an  interim;  he 
has  been  a  member  of  the  Executive 
Committee  of  the  Conservative  Party, 
Minister  of  Foreign  Affairs,  and  has 
also  served  on  important  Government 
I  missions;  he  was  a  member  of  the  em- 
bassy sent  to  Buenos  Aires  to  the  dedi- 
cation of  the  monument  to  O'Higgins, 
a  delegate  to  represent  Congress  at  the 
Centenary  of  the  Cortes  of  Cddiz  in 
1912,  and  likewise  at  the  Exposition 
of  Ghent  in  1913. 

Sr.  Pereira  is  an  honorary  member 
of  the  Ibero-American  Club  and  has 
received  the  following  decorations:  the 
the  Grand  Cross  of  St.  Gregory  the 
Great  from  the  Pope  and  the  gold  medal 
of  the  Cortes  of  Cddiz  from  the  Spanish 
Government. 


IV 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


CONTARDO 


241 


LUIS    FELIPE    CONTARDO 

Churchman;  poet. 

Luis  Felipe  Contardo  was  born 
in  Molina,  Province  of  Talca,  on  the 
twenty-eighth  of  August,  1880.  He 
received  his  early  education  in  the  Se- 
minario  of  Concepci6n,  continued  his 
studies  in  the  Pedagogical  Institute 
of  Santiago  where  he  gained  the  degree 
of  Bachelor  of  Letters  in  1898,  and 
then  went  abroad  to  study  theology 
in  Rome.  There  in  1901  he  received 
the  degree  of  Bachelor  in  Theology, 
and  in  1902  that  of  Licenciate  in 
Theology  from  the  Gregorian  University. 
He    took    holy    orders    in   1903. 

He  has  travelled  widely  in  the  Unit-  | 
ed  States,  Europe,  and  the  Orient.  I 
Since  his  return  to  Chile  he  has  been  I 
Professor  in  the  Seminario  of  Concep- 


AND     MONOGRAPHS 


IV 


242 

CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 

1 

! 

cion,    Director  of    «E1   Pais»    and    «La 
Union »  of  that  city,  Secretary  to  the 
Bishop   of   Concepcion   and   Curate  of 
Chilian.   He  is  the  author  of  the  follow- 
ing volumes  of  poetry:  Patria  y  Hogar, 
a  verse  legend,  Santiago,   1898;   Canto 
a  la  Cruz,  Santiago,  1900;  Flor  del  Mon- 
te, Santiago,   1903,  and  Cantos  del  Ca- 
mino,  Santiago,  1918.  He  has  also  pub- 
lished '^l  Catolicismo  ante  la  Vida  Mo- 
derna,   Santiago,    1910,   and  La  Iglesia 
y  la  Mujer,  a  sociological  and  historical 
study,    Santiago,     1918.     In     1905    he 
brought  out  a  volume  entitled  Oracio- 
nes   Funebres,   a   collection   of  sermons 
of  Bishop  Placido  Labarca  of  Concep- 
cion,   Bishop    Luis    Enrique    Izquierdo 
of  Concepcion,   and   Pope   Pius  X.,   of 
which  two  editions  were  issued,  in  1914 
and   1917. 

IV 

HISPANIC     NOTES 

FIGUEROA 

243 

EM  ILIANO     FIGUEROA 

Diplomat;  public  official. 

I2M1LIANO  FiGUEROA  was  born  in 
Santiago  about  the  year  1860  and  rec- 
eived his  education  at  the  National 
Institute  whence  he  passed  to  the  Uni- 
versity and  studied  Law  until  he  was 
admitted  to  the  Bar  in  1889.  In  the 
following  year  he  was  appointed  Se- 
cretary  to    the  Governor   of  Santiago. 

His  parliamentary  career  began  in 
1900  when  for,  the  usual  three-year 
period,  he  was  elected  Deputy  for  the 
Department  of  Melipilla;  in  1003  he 
was  re-elected  for  the  same  Depart- 
ment; in  1906  for  Rere,  and  in  1909 
for  Itata.  In  1905  and  1906  he  was 
First  Vice-President  of  the  Chamber 
of  Deputies  From  June  to  October 
1907,  he  was  Minister  of  Justice  and 

■ 

■ 

1 
IV 

AND     MONOGRAPHS 

244    i     CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 


IV 


Public  Instruction  and  again  in  1910,  in 
which  year  there  occurred  in  close  suc- 
cession the  deaths  of  President  Montt 
and  of  vice-President  Fernandez  Al- 
bano,  so  that  Dr.  Figueroa,  as  the  old- 
est member  of  the  Cabinet,  became 
acting  vice-President  of  the  Republic. 
His  term  of  office  lasted  from  October 
to  December  and  during  this  period 
he  presided  over  the  commemoration 
festivities  of  the  National  Centenary 
and  took  part  also  in  those  of  Argentina. 
In  1911  he  was  appointed  Chilean 
Minister  to^  the  Argentine  Govern- 
ment, which  office  he  still  holds. 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


TORRES 


DIEGO  ANTONIO  TORRES 

Teacher;  physicist. 

Diego  Antonio  Torres,  the  son 
of  Antonio  Torres,  a  Portuguese  phy- 
sician, and  Benigna  Arce,  was  born  in 
1843  in  the  city  of  Santiago  and  there 
was  educated  in  the  National  Institute. 

In  1865  he  began  to  teach  as  sub- 
stitute-Professor of  Physics  and  Chem- 
istry in  the  National  Institute;  in  the 
following  year  he  was  made  Professor 
and  also  placed  in  charge  of  the  Meteor- 
ological Laboratory;  in  1867  he  was 
appointed  Assayer  to  the  Mint;  in  1894 
he  was  appointed  Dean  of  the  Faculty 
of  Physical  Sciences  and  Mathematics, 
and  in  1902  he  became  also  Professor 
of  Physics  in  the  Architectural  course. 

In  1889  he  made  a  voyage  to  Europe 
to  obtain  materials  for  the  schools,  a 


AND     MONOGRAPHS 


IV 


246 

CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 

( 

matter  in  which  he  has  taken  a  great 
interest   and    has   organized    the   speci- 
mens in  Physics,  Chemistry  and  Elec- 
tricity which  have  proved  useful  in  the 
National    Institute.    In    1907   he   celeb- 
rated his  fortieth  and  in   1917,  his  fif- 
tieth year  of  service  in    the  schools. 

Sr.  Torres  is  the  author  of  the  fol- 
lowing   text-books    which    have    been 
used  for  years  in  Chilean  schools:  Tratado 
Elemental  de  Quimica;  Quimica  Moderna, 
1895,    and    Fisica    Elemental. 

IV 

HISPANIC     NOTES 

Jose  Alfonso. 


ALFONSO 


JOSE  A.   ALFONSO 

Teacher;  writer. 

Jose  A.  Alfonso  was  born  on  the 
j  eighteenth  of  July,  1861,  in  Valparaiso 
j  and  there  was  educated  in  the  Semin- 
I  ary,  in  the  Sacred  Hearts  School  and 
j  in  the  National  Institute.  Sometime 
i  later  he  went  to  the  University  of  San- 
tiago to  read  Law  and  in  1889  won  the 
j  degree  of  Licentiate  and  was  admitted 
;  to  the  Bar. 

I  He  did  not  practise  his  profession, 
j  but  chose  instead  the  career  of  teacher 
i  and  writer :  he  has  occupied  the  posts 
of  assistant-Professor  in  the  Univers- 
ity, Secretary  of  the  Committee  on 
Technical  Education,  and  Professor  of 
Law  and  Legislation  in  the  Agricul- 
tural Institute.  He  also  has  been  a  mem- , 
ber  of   numerous   committees   and   or- 1 


AND     MONOGRAPHS 


IV 


CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 


ganizations  for  educational  purposes: 
he  has  served  as  President  of  the  Chil- 
ean Boy-Scouts,  vice-President  of  the 
Society  for  Primary  Education,  vice- 
President  of  the  League  for  Poor  Stud- 
ents, and  vice-President  of  the  Anti- 
Tuberculosis   League. 

For  many  years  he  has  been  an  oc- 
casional contributor  to  the  press  and 
is  the  author  of  numerous  books  and 
pamphlets,  among  which  are:  Benjamin 
Ddvila  Larrain,  1899;  La  Civilizacidn 
Alemana  en  Chile,  1900;  Educacion  a  la 
Inglesa,  1902;  El  Poder  Judicial  y  su 
Reforma,  1904;  Educacion,  1912,  all  of 
which   were  published   in   Santiago. 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


Malaquias  Concha. 


CONCHA 


MALAQUIAS    CONCHA  I 

i 

Lawyer;  puHic  man.      ; 

Malaquias    Concha     was    born   in 
Loncomilla  on  the  sixth  of  April,  1859. 
He  was  educated  in  the  Padre  Concha  I 
School    of   Talca,    in    the   Talca    Liceo 
and  in  the  University  of  Chile.  In  the  | 
latter  he  pursued   courses  in  Law  and  \ 
received    his    degree    on    the    twenty-  ■ 
fourth  of  November,  1880.  ' 

The  following  year  he  opened  a  law  ' 
office  in  Santiago,  and  in  a  short  time  , 
gained  for  himself  no  little  fame,  de- ' 
fending  the  poor  of  the  city.  In  Novem- 
ber of  1887  he  was  one  of  the  number  j 
who  withdrew  from  the  Radical  group  | 
to  found  the  Democratic  Party.  The  | 
enthusiasm  of  the  leaders  was  contag- ! 
ious  and  centers  were  organized  in  most  I 
of  the  large  cities  of  Chile.  On  the  twen-  j 


AND     MONOGRAPHS 


249 


IV 


250 


CHILEANS     OF     TO-DAY 


ty-ninth  of  April,  1888,  however,  a  pub- 
lic meeting  was  held  in  the  Alameda 
to  protest  against  the  high  rates  of  the 
urban  railroad  and  this  action,  displeas- 
ing the  government,  resulted  in  the 
imprisonment  of  the  Central  Commit- 
tee. Their  brilliant  defence  before  the 
Supreme  Court  of  Justice  was  published 
in  almost  all  the  periodicals  in  the  coun- 
try and  increased,  instead  of  diminish- 
ing, the  popularity  of  their  cause.  In 
1900  Senor  Concha  was  elected  Deputy 
for  the  departments  of  Concepcion,  Tal- 
cahuano,  Coelemu,  and  Lautaro,  and 
held  this  office  in  successive  terms  until 
1918  when  he  was  chosen  Senator  for 
the  province  of  Concepcion.  In  the 
course  of  his  many  years  of  service  in 
Congress,  he  has  held  the  post  of  vice- 
President  of  the  Chamber  of  Deputies, 
and  has  been  a  member  of  many  im- 
portant committees,  including  those  of 
Finance,  Civil  and  Criminal  Code, 
Workmen's  Homes,  Compensation  Acts, 
and   Customs   Rates.   In    1918  and   the 


IV 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


C  O  N  C  H  A 


251 


early  part  of  1919  he  was  Minister  of 
Industry  and  Public  Works  and  in 
March,  1920,  was  again  appointed  to 
post. 

Like  most  public  nun  of  South  Amer- 
ica, he  has  associated  himself  to  a 
considerable  extent  with  daily  journal- 
ism, having  been  editor  of  La  Libertad  - 
of  Talca  in  1888,  «La  Democracia»  and 
<Las  Provincias»  in  1889,  «E1  Siglo  i 
XX  >,  in  1894,  and  «La  Prensa»  in  1897. 
He  has  been  a  contributor  to  the  prin- 
cipal newspapers  of  the  country,  and 
is  the  author  of  the  following  works: 
El  Partido  Democrdtico  y  su  Actitud  en 
Presencia  de  la  Revolucion,  1891 ;  El  Pro- 
'^rama  de  la  Democracia,  1894;  Tratado 
de  Economia  Politica  Experimental;  and 
Cartilla  de  Instruccidn  Civica,  which 
received  an  award  from  the  Ministry 
of  Public  Instruction  in  1905. 


AND     MONOGRAPHS  IV 


252 

CHILEANS     OF    TO-DAY 

VIRGINIO  ARIAS 

Sculptor. 

ViRGiNio  ARIA3,  the  son  of  Francisco 
Arias  and  Lorenza  Cruz,  was  born  in 
the  town  of  Ranquil,  province  of  Con- 
cepcion,  in  1855.  His  father  died  when 
he  was  eight  years  of  age  and  he  was 
obliged  to  help  in  the  family  support. 

While  he  was  still  a  child  he  showed 
so  much  artistic  aptitude  that  he  was 
taken  as  apprentice  by  the  sculptor 
Francisco  Sanchez,  then  at  work  on 
the  Cathedral  in  Concepcion.  Later 
the  boy  worked  at  similar  tasks  in  Chi- 
lian, Yumbel,  and  Los  Angeles.  There 
he  executed  a  wooden  statue  of  San 
Sebastidn  which  attracted  much  atten- 
tion. 

In  1873  Arias  went  to  Santiago  and 
with  the  money  he  had  saved  was  able 
to  enter  the  University  of  Chile.  Join- 

IV                HISPANIC     NOTES 

ARIAS 


253 


ing  the  class  of  Nicanor  Plaza,  the  true 
founder  of  Chilean  sculpture,  he  made 
rapid  progress,  learned  to  work  in  mar- 
ble, and  on  more  than  one  occasion  re- 
ceived prizes  for  his  work.  In  1874 
Plaza  decided  to  move  to  Europe,  and 
after  striving  in  vain  to  secure  a  govern- 
ment scholarship  for  Arias,  took  him 
with  him  at  his  own  expense.  In  Paris 
teacher  and  pupil  devoted  themselves 
to  study,  and  as  early  as  1875  Arias 
came  into  prominence  by  exhibiting 
in  the  Salon  a  bronze  bust  of  Plaza. 
In  September  of  that  year  Plaza  re- 
turned to  Chile  ,and  Arias  remained 
in  Paris  to  continue  his  studies-  with 
Professor  Joufroy.  To  earn  his  living 
he  had  to  work  in  the  studios  as  assis- 
tant. This  frequently  occupied  the  great- 
er part  of  the  day  and  forced  him  to 
do  his  original  work  at  night.  In  1876 
he  was  admitted  to  the  School  of  Fine 
Arts  and  there  studied  under  his  old 
teacher  Professor  Joufroy.  Not  content 
with   this,  he  also  studied  at  night  in 


AND     MONOGRAPHS 


IV 


254 


CHILEANS     OF     TO-DAY 


the   School   of   Decorative   Arts    under 
the  direction   of   Professor   Hanson. 

In  1876  he  exhibited  in  the  Salon 
a  bust  of  the  son  of  his  teacher  Joufroy 
and  in  1881  a  bust  of  Monsieur  Perrott. 
In  1882,  after  many  sacrifices,  using 
his  bed-room  as  a  studio  and  making 
casts  of  his  own  body  to  use  as  models, 
he  finished  his  life-size  statue  El  Defen- 
sor de  la  Patria.  This  was  placed  on 
exhibition  in  the  Paris  Salon  under 
the  title  of  Un  Heroe  del  Pacifico,  re- 
ceived honorable  mention  and  now 
adorns  the  Yungay  Plaza  of  Santiago 
with  the  inscription^  El  Roto  Chileno. 
His  triumphs  in  Paris  had  been  noticed 
in  the  Chilean  press  and  he  soon  receiv- 
ed from  the  government  a  pension 
which  enabled  him  to  live  in  greater 
comfort  and  devote  more  of  his  time 
to  original  work.  Later  the  government 
commissioned  him  to  execute  bronze 
statues  of  Aldea  and  Riquelme  and  bas- 
reliefs  in  marble  of  La  Toma  del  Hiids- 
car  and  El   Comhate  de  Punta  Gruesa. 


IV     I  HISPANIC     NOTES 


ARIAS 


The  two  latter  works  now  form  a  part 
of  the  imposing  Sailors'  Monument  in 
Valparaiso.  In  188f)  he  placed  on  exhib- 
ition in  the  Paris  S<iJon  a  terra  cotta 
bust  of  the  Chilean  writer  on  agricult- 
ure, Maximo  Jeria,  and  a  reduction  of 
his  famous  Roto  Chileno.Two  years 
later  he  obtained  a  gold  medal  of  the 
third  class  with  his  grandiose  Descen- 
dimiento  de  la  Cruz,  a  life-size  group 
which  definitely  established  his  repu- 
tation. Some  years  later  the  govern- 
ment commissioned  him  to  reproduce 
El  Desendimiento  in  marble  and  also 
Dafne  y  Cloe,  which,  with  Aldea  en  el 
Combate  de  Iqiiique  received  awards  in 
the  1895  Salon.  In  1888  he'also  exhibit- 
ed in  Paris  a  bust  of  his  friend  Arturo 
Michelme,  a  work  which  was  later 
acquired  by  a  group  of  Michelme's 
friends  and  placed  in  the  School  of 
Fine  Arts  in  Caracas. 

In  1889  and  1893  Senor  Arias  made 
short  visits  to  Chile,  and  in  1900  again 
returned  to  his  country  to  take  charge 


255 


AND    MONOGRAPHS 


IV 


256 


CHILEANS     OF    TO-DAY 


IV 


of  the  School  of  Fine  Arts  and  to  teach 
sculpture  there,  a  post  which  he  held 
for  ten  years.  In  1895  and  1896  he  taught 
drawing  free  of  charge  in  the  night  school 
of  La  Union  Society  of  Artisans.  In 
1911  he  resigned  his  post  as  Director 
of  the  School  of  Fine  Arts  to  pay  anoth- 
er visit  to  Europe. 

In  addition  to  the  honors  mentioned 
above,  Sr.  Arias  received  the  First 
Medal  at  the  Universal  Exposition  at 
Paris  in  1889,  Second  Medal  at  the  In- 
ternational Exposition  in  Liverpool  in 
1895,  and  First  Medal  in  the  Buffalo 
Exposition  in  1901.  In  1906  he  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  Faculty  of 
Philosophy  and  Letters  in  the  Univer- 
sity of  Chile. 

His  principal  groups  include  :£/  Com- 
hate  de  la  Concepcion,  Vendedora  de  A  mo- 
res, Monumento  a  las  Glorias  del  Ejer- 
cito  Chileno,  and  the  Mausoleum  of  Jose 
Domingo  Cartas  in  the  Catholic  Cemet- 
ery. Among  his  statues  those  most, 
worthy  of  mention  are :  Hojas  de  Laurel, 


HISPANIC    NOTES 


ARIAS 


Monumento  a  Manuel  A  ntonio  Malta  i 
and  the  Allegory  for  the  pediment  of  the  I 
Fire  Station  in  Santiago;  among  his 
bas-reliefs,  La  Eledricidad.  His  most  j 
notable  busts  are:  Don  Diego  Barrosl 
Arana  and  Miguel  Luis  Amundtegui.      ' 


257 


AND     MONOGRAPHS 


IV 


258    :      CHILEANS     OF    TO-DAY 


AMANDA  LABARCA  HUBERTSON 

Teacher;  writer. 

Amanda   Labarca   Hubertson,    the 
I  daughter  of  Onofre   Pinto  and   Sabina  \ 
.  Sepulveda  was  born     in    Santiago    on  ! 
'the   fifth   of   December,    1886.    She   re- 
ceived  her  early  education   in   the  Le- 
;  brun  de  Pinochet  Liceo,   where  she  com- 
pleted the  courses  for  the  degree  of  Ba- 
j  chelor    of    Philosophy    and    Letters    at 
I  the   age   of   fifteen.    She   then    entered 
I  the  University  of  Chile  and  graduated 
;  in  1904  with  the  title  of  State  Professor.  | 
Soon  after  obtaining  her  degree  she 
was     appointed     assistant-Director    of 
Normal  School   N.°  3  of  Santiago.   In 
1906    she    married    Guillermo    Labarca 
Hubertson,     one     of     the     well-known 
Chilean    writers  of  the  younger   gener- 
ation.  In   1909  she  was  appointed  Pro- 


IV 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


w/^^'-^^t^-^^  «^i.^^6-.^*^  ^/c--A-Z^ 


LABARCA     HUBERTSON  259 


fesor  of  Spanish  in  the  Girls'  Liceo 
N."  3  and  in  the  same  year  published 
a  critical  study  of  contemporary  Span- 
ish poets  and  prose-writers  entitled 
Impresiones  de  Juventud.  Elected  Sec- 
retary of  the  Association  of  National 
Education  and  Secretary  of  its  official 
organ,  La  Revista  Pedagogica,  she  was 
soon  called  to  fill  the  post  of  editor  of 
the  magazine.  In  1911  she  and  her  hus- 
band were  commissioned  by  the  gov- 
ernment to  study  higher  education  in 
the  United  States  and  Europe.  Enter- 
ing the  Graduate  School  of  Columbia  | 
University,  she  remained  there  two  • 
years  and  then  went  to  France  to  conti- 
nue her  studies  in  the  Sorbonne. 

On  her  return  to  Chile  in   1913,  she  | 
delivered  a  series  of  University  lectures' 
on    feminine    activities    in    the    United  j 
States,    which    had    for    its    result    the 
creation    of   the    Circulo   de   Lectura   de 
Senoras  and   the   Club  de  Senoras,   the ' 
first    independent    institutions  of  their 
kind   in    Chile.   This   series   of   lectures' 


AND    MONOGRAPHS  I\ 


260 

CHILEANS     OF    TO-DAY 

' 

was  published  in   1914  under  the  title 
of    Actividades    femeninas    en    Estados 
Unidos.  In  the  following  year  her  novel 
En  tierras  extranas  appeared  and  met 
with  a  very  favorable  reception  in  the 
Chilean   capital.    In    1916  she  was  ap- 
pointed Director  of  the  Girls'  Lyceum 
N.°   5   of  Santiago,   a   post  which   she 
holds   at   the   present   time.    Her  work 
there   was    interrupted    in    1918,    when 
she    was  again    commissioned    by    the 
government  to  study  educational  insti- 
tutions   in    the    United     States.    From 
this  journey  she  returned   to   Chile   in 
July,    1919,   and  soon  afterwards  pub- 
lished the  result  of  her  labors  in  book 
form  with  the  title  La  Escuela  Secun- 
daria en  los  Estados  Unidos. 

She  has  taken  an  active  interest  in 
the   organization   of  women's   clubs   in 
Santiago  and  is  President  of  the  Circulo 
de  Lectura  and  the  National  Women's 
Council. 

IV 

HISPANIC     NOTES 

TRUCCO  261 


MANUEL  TRUCCO 

Engineer;  teacher. 

Manuel  Trucco  Franzani,  the  son 
of  Napoleon  Trucco,  was  born  in  the 
year  1874  in  Cauquenes  and  had  his 
early  schooling  in  his  native  town.  For 
his  advanced  courses  he  entered  the 
National  Institute  in  Santiago  and  for 
his  professional  studies  he  went  to  Paris 
where  he  attended  the  School  of  Bridges 
and  Construction.  He  received  the  de- 
gree of  Bachelor  in  Science  and  Mathe- 
matics in  1891  and  that  of  Civil  En- 
gineer in  1899. 

He  has  held  many  important  f)osts, 
both  in  academic  and  practical  fields: 
from  1891  to  1896  he  was  Inspector, 
and  from  1895  to  1902,  Professor  of 
Mathematics  in  the  National  Institute; 
from  1901  to  1919,  Professor  of  Re- 
sistence  of  Materials   in   the  School  of 

AND     MONOGRAPHS 


IV 


262 

CHILEANS     OF    TO-DAY 

1 
1 

1 

! 

1 
i 

i 

i 

: 

; 

IV 

Architecture;  from  1917  to  1919  Head 
of  the  Engineering  School  in  the  Univ- 
ersity,  and   from    1911    to    1-919,    Dean 
of  the  Faculty  of  Physical  Science  and 
Mathematics. 

In  the  practical  field  of  Engineering 
he  has  served  as   Engineer   in    the   De- 
partment of  Public  Works  in  1899-1900; 
Engineer  in  charge  of  new  construction 
on    the    National    Railways   from    1900 
to   1911,     and  since   1918  he  has  been 
General   Manager   of   the   Railways   of 
Chile.  In  the  course  of  his  duties  he  has 
constructed  the  bridges  over  the  River 
Claro,  near  Yumbel,  that  of  Perquilau-  i 
quen,    in    Quella,  and  that  of  the  Cu-  ' 
charas,  in  El  Salto. 

Sr.  Trucco  Franzani  has  beeen  hon-  : 
ored  by  a  number  of  governmental  ap- 1 
pointments :  he  was  a   member  of   the  i 
scientific  commission  sent  to  study  in 
Europe   from    1902    to    1904,    Delegate 
to  the  International    Railways  Congress 
held  in  Buenos  Aires  in  1910  and  Pres-  ■ 
ident    of    the    Institute  of    Engineers. 

HISPANIC     NOTES 

A  M  U  N  A  T  E  G  U  I     R  E  Y  K  S 


263 


MICxUEL  L.  AMUNATEGUI  REYES 


Jurist;  grammarian;  teacJier. 

Miguel   Luis   Amunategui    Reyes, 
the  son  of  the  noted  scholar  Gregorio  I 
Victor  Amunategui  Aldunate,  was  born  i 
in  Santiago  in  1863.  He  studied  in  the 
National   Institute  and,  taking  up   the 
study  of  Law.  was  admitted  to  the  Bar  i 
in  December,  1884.  ' 

As  early  as  1878  "he  was  a  contributor 
to    La    Revista    Literaria   and    in    1885 
he  published  Don  Andres  Bello  y  el  C6- 
di^o   Civil.  This  was  followed   in    1888 
by  a  biographical  study  of  Enrique  Cood. 
In    1891    ho    was   appointed    Professor 
of   Spanish    in    the     National    Institute  i 
and  three  years  later,  Professor  of  Civil  ' 
Law  in  the  University  of  Chile.  In  con- j 
nection  with  his  work  as  teacher  he  has  i 
dev^oted   himself  to  the  study   of   Law  j 
and  Grammar,    with  such  success  that 


AND     MONOGRAPHS 


IV 


264 


CHILEANS     OF    TO-DAY 


he  is  generally  recognized  as  an  au- 
thority on  these  subjects.  He  is  not 
only  a  member  of  the  Faculty  of  Law 
and  Political  Science,  but  also  of  the 
Faculty  of  Philosophy  and  Letters  in 
the  University  of  Chile.  His  activities 
have  received  recognition  abroad  by 
his  election  to  the  Spanish  Academy. 
He  is  a  contributor  to  the  principal 
reviews  and  periodicals  of  Chile  and 
has  published  the  following  books: 
La  Formacion  de  los  acervos  en  la 
Particion  de  una  Herencia,  1890;  La 
Codificacion  de  las  Leyes  Civiles,  1890; 
lEn  que  caso  puede  sufrir  excepcion  la 
regla  en  que  la  mujer  debe  seguir  a  su 
maridof,  1891;  Trabajos  cientificos  de 
Don  Andres  Bello,  1892;  Imperfeccio- 
nes  y  Erratas  del  Codigo  Civil,  1892; 
Borrones  Gramatiles,  1894;  Estudios  reld- 
tivos  al  Codigo  Civil  1894;  Criticas  y 
Charlas,  1902;  Mis  Pasatiempos,  1905; 
La  Reforma  de  la  Ortografia,  1917;  and 
Don  Bernardo  O'lliggins  juzgado  por 
sus  Contempordneos,  1918. 


IV 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


ISAMITT 


265 


CARLOS    ISAMITT 

Painter. 

Carlos  Isamitt  Alarcon  was  born 
at  Rengo  in  1887.  He  was  educated  in 
the  schools  of  his  native  town,  at  the 
Teacher'  Training  College  in  Santiago, 
where  he  completed  his  courses  in 
1903,  and  thereafter,whilst  still  pur- 
suing the  teaching 'profession,  at  the 
Catholic  University  under  Pedro  Lira, 
and  at  the  School  of    Fine    Arts. 

He  has  acquired  his  reputation  as  a 
landscape  painter  withj'works  in  oil 
and  pastel  that  reflect  the  gentle 
melancholy  of  the  lake  and  island 
scenery  of  Southern  Chile.  He  obtained 
official  recognition  with  a  drawing  in 
1908;  in  1913  he  won  a  second  class 
medal  for  a  painting  and  between  1915 
and  1917  received  four  first  awards  at 
the  Salon  of  Santiago. 


AND     MONOGRAPHS  IV 


266 


CHILEANS     OF     TO-DAY 


ISMAEL    GAJARDO     REYES 

Naval  officer;  scientist. 

IsMAEL  Gajardo  Reyes  was  born 
on  the  twenty-ninth  of  September, 
1876,  in  Vaparaiso  and  there  received 
his  education  in  the  English  Academy 
of  Mr.  Schooler  and  in  the  Naval  School 
of  Chile. 

After  his  graduation  he  entered 
active  service  in  the  Chilean  Navy, 
and  passed  successively  through  every 
grade  up  to .  that  of  Captain  (Capi- 
tan  de  Fragata)  with  which  rank  he 
retired  in  1910.  In  1902  while  in 
command  of  the  tender  Iluemul  he 
carried  out  an  exploring  expedition 
to  Sky  ring  Bay  and  there  discovered 
the  canal  which  connects  this  bay  with 
the  gulf  of  Xaultegua  in  Magellan 
Strait.  This  achievement  brought  him 


IV 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


GAJARDO     RKYES  267 


high  praise  from  many  scientists,  and 
in  recognition  of  his  work  the  Chilean 
Government  decreed  that  the  canal 
should  henceforth  bear  his  name.  He 
was  later  put  in  command  of  the  tender 
Toro,  various  destroyers,  and  of  the 
transport  Rancagua,  and  was  for  a 
time  in  charge  of  the  Naval  Office  of 
Technical  Information.  The  Govern- 
ment has  recently  awarded  him  a  silver 
medal  in  token  of  its  appreciation  of 
his  twenty  years'  naval  service. 

After  leaving  the  Navy  he  was  ap- 
pointed Assistant  in  the  Seismological 
Station,  promoted  to  the  post  of  head 
of  the  Section  of  Calculation  in  May, 
1913,  and  later  to  Assistant  Director, 
Head  of  the  Astrophotographical  Sec- 
tion, and  First  Astronomer  in  the  Na- 
tional Observatory.  He  has  published 
numerous  professional  articles  in  the 
Revista  de  Marina,  and  in  the  Revista 
Chilena  de  Historia  y  Geografia,  has 
edited  the  Anuario  del  Observatorio 
Astron6mico  Nacional  since  1914,  and 


AND    MONOGRAPHS         |      IV 


268 


IV 


CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 


is  the  author  of  a  text-book  of  physical 

geography  which  has  been  adopted  by 

many    schools    in    Chile.    He    has   also 

written  numerous  pamphlets,  the  most 

notable  of  which  are  El  Catdlogo  Foto- 

grdfico  del   Cielo,   and      Organizacion  y 

\  Fomenlo  de  la  Marina  Mercante  Nacio- 

\  nal  which  was  presented  at  the  Seventh 

I  General     Scientific     Chilean     Congress 

iin  1913. 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


LARRAIN     ALCALDE 

! 
269 

! 

PATRICIO   LARRAIN   ALCALDE 

Army  officer. 

Patricio  Larrain  Alcalde,  the  son 
of  Jose  Patricio  Larrain  Gandarillas 
and  Carolina  Alcalde  y  Velasco,  was 
born  on  the  twenty-eighth  of  Novem- 
ber, 1852,  in  Santiago  and  there  receiv- 
ed his  education  in  the  Sacred  Heart 
School  and  the  Law  School  of  the  Uni- 
versity of  Chile. 

He  entered  the  public  service  in  1873 
as  Attache  and  later  Secretary  to  the 
Chilean  Legation  in  Bolivia.  In  the 
War  of  fhe  Pacific  he  was  Captain  of 
the  Esmeralda  Battalion  and  fought 
in  the  battles  of  Tacna,  Chorrillos  and 
Miraflores.  He  took  part  also  in  the 
campaign  of  the  North  Shore  under 
the  orders  of  Colonel  Patricio  Lynch. 
In  1890,  as  Deputy  for  the  department 

' 

AND     MONOGRAPHS        ^ 

IV 

270 

CHILEANS     OF     TO-DAY 

• 

1 
i 

of   La   Victoria,    he   associated    himself 
with    the   revolutionary    movement    a- 
gainst  President  Balmaceda  and  in  1891 
organized    the    Esmeralda    Regiment  in 
Iquique    of    which    he    had    command 
with    the   rank   of   Lieut.    Colonel.    He 
had  an  active  part  in  the  struggle:  he 
participated  in  the  expedition  to  Tacna 
and  Arica,  was  at  Antofagasta  at  the 
time  of  the  bombardment,  and  shared 
in  the  actions  of  Caldera,  Copiapo  and 
Concon    where    the    Balmaceda    forces 
were  defeated ;  he  took  part  in  the  skir- 
mish at  Vina  del  Mar  and  in  the  decisive 
Battle  of  Placilla.  In  the  same  year  he 
was    Military    Governor    of    Atacama, 
and  later  held  the  same  position  in  An- 
tofagasta and  Concepcion.   In   1891   he  | 
was    appointed    Head    of    the    Depart- 
ment   of    Instruction    in    the    General 
Staff. 

In    1894  he  was  appointed   Military 
Attache  to  the  Chilean  Legation  in  Peru, 
and   in   the   following  year  was   trans- 
ferred  to  the  Legation   in   France  and 

IV 

HISPANIC     NOTES 

LARRAIN     ALCALDE 


271 


!  Switzerland;  in  1896  he  was  made  head 
of  the  Military  Commission  in  Europe, 
;  and  on  his  return  to  Chile  in  1897  he 
I  was  appointed  by  President  Errazuriz 
Echaurren  Minister  of  War  and  the 
Navy.  In  1906  he  retired  with  the  rank 
of  Division   General. 

General  Larrain  Alcalde  has  published 
numerous  articles  in  the  Santiago  press 
and  is  the  author  of  an  extensive  Me- 
morial, 1906,  dealing  with  the  relations 
between  the  Ministry  of  War  and  the 
army  at  the  time  of  his  resignation  as 
head  of  the  General  Staff. 


AND     MONOGRAPHS 


IV 


272 

CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 

LUIS  IZQUIERDO  FREDES 

Public  man. 

Luis  Izquierdo  Fredes,  the  son  of 
Gabriel  Izquierdo  and  Clotilde  Fredes, 
was  born  in  San  Fernando  in  1874. 

He  was  one  of  the  combatants  in  the 
War  of  the  Pacific:  as  naval  cadet  he 
took  part  in  the  engagement  at  Callao 
and  in  the  bombardment  of  the  Peru- 
vian batteries  at  Chorrillos  and  Mira- 
flores.  For  his  part  in  these  engagements 
he  is  entitled  to  wear  the  Medal  of  the 
Second  Campaign.  The  knowledge  of 
war  gained  by  him  in  this  bitter  strug- 
gle was  lent  to  the  side  of  the  Consti- 
tutional forces  in  the  revolution  of 
1891  during  which  he  attained  the  rank 
of   Major. 

After  the  Revolution  he  was  appoint- 
ed  Secretary  of  the  Chilean   Legation 

IV 

HISPANIC     NOTES 

IZQUIERDO     FREDES 


273 


in  London  and  on  his  return  to  Chile 
appointed  assistant-Secretary  of  the 
Department  of  Labor  and  Public  Works. 
In  1899  he  received  the  appointment 
of  Consul  General  in  Japan.  In  1906 
he  was  elected  Deputy  from  the  de- 
partment of  Lebu  on  the  Liberal  ticket 
and  was  re-elected  at  the  close  of  his 
three-year  term  of  office.  From  June 
until  December  of  1910  he  was  Min- 
ister of  Foreign  Relations  and  until 
November  was  Head  of  the  Cabinet. 
In  1912  he  was  elected  Deputy  from 
Santiago.  In  1917  he  was  called  by 
President  Sanfuentes  to  organize  a  new 
cabinet  and  remained  as  its  head  until, 
as  all  too  frequently  happens,  the  min- 
istry failed  to  find  appr'oval  with  the 
Senate  and  was  forced  to  resign. 
j  At  the  present  time  Sr.  Izquierdo  is 
'  a  member  of  the  Financial  and  Com- 
mercial Commission  to  the  United 
I  States. 


AND     MONOGRAPHS 


IV 


274    i     CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 


ARTEMIO    GUTIERREZ 

Labor  leader. 

Artemio    Gutierrez,     the    son     of  ^ 
Juan    Antonio    Gutierrez    and    Rosario  i 
Vidal,  was  born  at  Arauco  on  the  sixth  j 
of    June,    1860.    He    received    his    first 
instruction  in  the  schools  of  his  native 
town  and  continued  in  those  of  Concep- 
i  cion  until  the  age  of  seventeen,  when, 
I  as  a  result    of    the  Government's  sup- 
pression   of    the  usual  scholarships,    he 
was  obliged  to  give  up  his  studies  and 
,  learn  a  trade.  He  chose  that  of  a  tailor 
j  and    established    himself    in    Santiago. 
:  He     became     connected    with     several 
workingmen's  associations  in  whose  ac- 
tivities he    took    an    enthusiastic    part 
and      ultimately      won     such     prestige 
that  he  was  elected   Deputy  to  the  Na- 


IV 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


GUTIERREZ 


275 


tional  Congress  in    1897   as   labour   re- 1 
presentative  for  Santiago. 

Tn  the  Chamber  of  Deputies,  to  which  i 
he    was    re-elected    for    Santiago    until ' 
1906  and  where  he  now  represents  Te-  j 
muco,  he  has  held  the  office  of  second  i 
vice-President.    He   has   officiated   also 
as  President  of  the  Ambulance  Service 
Committee  and  that  of  Public  Worship.  ' 
His   services   on    behalf   of    the    poorer  | 
working    classes    have    on    several    oc- 
casions  been    gratefully    recognized    by ' 
their    societies. 


', 

AND     MONOGRAPHS 

IV 

276 


CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 


IV 


ERNESTO  A.   GUZMAN 

Teacher;  poet. 

Ernesto  A.  Guzman,  the  son  of 
Horacio  Guzman  and  Delfina  Guz- 
man, was  born  on  the  twenty-fifth 
of  July,  1877.  in  the  Province  of  Nuble 
and  got  his  early  education  in  the  Nor- 
mal School  of  Chilian.  Later  he  moved 
to  Santiago,  entered  the  Pedagogical 
Institute  and  won  the  title  of  Professor 
of  Spanish  in  1900. 

He  began  at  once  to  practise  his  pro- 
fession and  in  1902  was  appointed  Pro- 
fessor in  the  Manuel  Barros  Borgofio 
Lyceum  where  he  has  continued  to 
teach  ever  since.  Meantime  he  has  cul- 
tivated also  his  literary  gifts:  he  has 
contributed  to  the  periodicals,  such  as 
La  Revista  Contemporanea,  Nosotros, 
Juventud,  and  Los  Diez.  He  has  written 


HISPANIC    NOTES 


GUZMAN 


many  fugitive  poems  in  which  the  pre- 
vailing note  is  that  of  tragedy  and  grief, 
and  has  pubHshcd  several  books  of 
verse  which  are  characterized  by  a  tone 
of  melancholy:  Albores,  1902;  En  Pos, 
1906;  Vida  Interna,  1909;  Los  Poemas 
\  de  la  Serenidad,  1914;  and  El  Arbol  Ilu- 
sionado,    1916. 


277 


AND    MONOGRAPHS 


IV 


278         CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 


CARLOS  SILVA  MLDOSOLA 

Journalist;  author. 


Carlos  Silva  Vildosola  was  born 
in  1871  at  the  old  fort  of  Chihuaihue  in 
the  Araucanian  forest  where  his  father 
Xicanor  Silva  Arriagada  w^as   then    in 
garrison.   He  received  his  education  in  ; 
the  Santiago  school,    the    National  In- ! 
stitute,  the    San    Ignacio,    and    Santo 
Domingo  schools  of  the  capital.   With 
the  last  named  institution  was  affiliat- « 
ed    a    literar\^    societN*  —  the    Philoso- 
phical Academy  of  St.  Thomas  Aqui-j 
nas,  and  it  was  before  this  body  that ' 
at  sixteen  years  of  age  Sr.  Silva  Vildo- 
sola read  his  first  essay  in  authorship,  1 
■  — a   novel    inspired    by    local    life    and  j 
customs.  This  novel,  under  the  title  of 
La  Montanu,  was  first  published  in  the 
columns  of  La  Revista  de  Artes  y  Let- 

IV  HISPANIC     NOTES 


y&cojU.   fj^    ^^^^^=^^^ 


SILVA     VILDOSOLA 


279 


ras  and  republished  in  1897,  as  a  feui- 
lleton  of  the  newsj^aper  VA  Chileno.  His 
second  essay,  dealing  with  the  same 
theme  and  entitled  Los  Pololos,  was 
read  in  1888  before  the  Society  of  Arts 
and    Letters. 

In  the  following  year  he  decided  on 
journalism  as  a  profession  and  was 
associated  first  with  the  newspaper 
El  Porvenir,  as  Parliamentary  report- 
er, and  with  El  Pais  of  Concepcion  as 
Santiago  correspondent,  and  later,  from 
1894  to  1900,  with  El  Chileno,  which, 
when  he  rose  to  be  its  chief  editorial 
writer,  he  succeeded  in  stamping  with 
a  definitely  national  and  forceful  char- 
acter. 

In  1900  he  entered  the  diplomatic 
service  as  Second  Secretary  to  the  Chi- 
lean Legation  in  London,  and  there 
ably  defended  the  interests  of  his  coun- 
try before  the  Board  of  Arbitration  on 
the  question  of  the  boundaries  with 
Argentina.  From  London  he  contribut- 
ed to  El  Mercurio    an  essay  analysing 


AND     MONOGRAPHS 


IV 


280 

CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 

the  differences  between  the  French  and 
the  English  Press. 

On  his  return  to  Santiago  he  joined 
the  staff  of  El  Mercurio,  the  oldest 
Chilean  newspaper,  as  Editor-in-Chief 
and  as  siich  acted  until  1907  when  he 
was  commissioned  as  its  travelling  cor- 
respondent through  the  United  States 
and  Europe.  His  third  journey  to  Eu- 
rope was  undertaken  in  1913  and  on  his 
own  initiative.  In  Europe  he  remained 
throughout  the  war  and  it  was  his  pen 
that,  more  enthusiastically  than  any 
other,  sustained  before  his  countrymen 
the   justice   of   the   Allied   cause. 

He  returned  to  Chile  in  1920  to  be 
welcomed,  not  only  by  his  comrades  of 
the  Press  and  his  compatriots,  but  also, 
as  was  natural,  by  the  representatives 
of  all  the  Allied  nations  in  Chile. 

His  published  works,  beside  those  al- 
ready mentioned,  are  Brisas  de  Mar, 
1897;  En  la  Nieve,  1913;  Periodismo  y 
Letras  en  Chile,  1914;  Del  Dolor  y  de  la 
Muerte,  1916;  Le  Chili  et  la  Guerre,  1917. 

IV 

HISPANIC     NOTES 

DURL  f.     [    R\i  I    r  lA 


2S1 


DIEGO  dublf:  urrutia 


Poet;  diplomat. 

DiEfio  DuBLE  Urrutia,  the  descen- 
lant  of  a  family  distinguished  in  the 
military  annals  of  his  country,  was  born 
in  1877  at  Angol.  In  his  student  days 
he  contributed  to  the  newspaper  press, 
and  for  a  time  was  a  member  of  the 
staff  of  «La  Ley  \  In  1898  he  published 
his  first  book  of  verse  entitled  Veinte 
Anos,  which  reflects  the  influence  of 
->()me  of  the  older  Chilean  poets. 

In  1902  he  entered  the  diplomatic 
service  with  an  appointment  as  Second 
Secretary  of  Legation  in  Paris  whence 
he  was  promoted  to  Rome  as  First  Se- 
cretary. From  Europe  he  continued  his 
contributions  to  several  newspapers, 
among  them  «E1  Heraldo»  of  Valparai- 
so and  «E1  Sur»  of  Concepci6n. 


AND     MONOGRAPHS 


IV 


282    i      CHILEANS     OF    TO-DAY 


In  1903  appeared  in  one  volume,  en- 
titled Del  Mar  a  la  Montana,  a  collection 
of  his  most  characteristic  lyrics.  Essen- 
tially national  in  spirit,  colour  and  at- 
I  mosphere,    they    are    faithful    pictures 
I  of  the  simple  peasant  life  of  Southern 
'  Chile  and  of  its  wild  mountain,  lake  and 
I  forest   scenery. 

I      From  1906  to  1908  he  was  Secretary 
of  Legation   to   Brazil,  whence  he  was 
!  transferred  as  Charge  d'affaires  to  Vien- 
na; in  1918  he  was  appointed  Minister 
to  Colombia. 

In  January  1913  there  appeared  in 
«La  Revista  Azul«  the  opening  chap- 
ters of  a  new  work  of  his  of  a  humou- 
rously philosophical  character,  and  in 
1915  was  published  Fortuna  Candida. 
Messrs.  Garnier  of  Paris  have  produc- 
ed an  edition  de  luxe  of  his  Del  Mar 
a  la  Montana,  as  well  as  a  selection  from 
Veinte  Anos  to  which  was  added  some 
more  recent  work. 


IV     I  HISPANIC    NOTES 


THAYER    OJEDA 


283 


TOM  AS  THAYER  OJEDA 

Librarian;  historian. 

ToMAs  Thayer  Ojeda  was  born  in 
Caldera  on  the  sixteenth  of  June,  1877. 
He  is  the  grandson  of  Mr.  William 
Turpin  Thayer  of  Boston,  Mass.  who 
came  to  Chile  in  1828  as  master  and 
captain  of  the  American  schooner  Yankee. 
He  received  his  early  education  in  Tal- 
tal  where  he  attended  the  Spanish- 
English  School  from  1885  to  1889.  Sent 
by  his  parents  to  Santiago,  he  entered 
the  San  Agustin  School  and  remained 
in  that  institution  from  1891  to  1894. 
The  following  year  he  received  his  de- 
gree of  Bachelor  of  Philosophy  and 
Letters. 

Since  1902  he  has  been  employed  in 

the  National  Library  of  Chile;  he  be- 

|gan    as   clerk   in    the    Manuscript    De- 


AN  D     MONOGRAPHS 


IV 


284 


CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 


partment,   was  promoted   to   be  Assis- 
tant Head,  and  later  Head  of  the  De- 
partment.   He    married    Manuela    Ro- 
senbary  Gomez  and  has  one  daughter. 
Sr.  Thayer  Ojeda  is  a  frequent  con- 
tributor to  the  magazines  of  Chile  and 
is   the   author  of   the   following  works:' 
Memoria  historica  de  la  familia  Alvarez  | 
de  Toledo  en  Chile,  Santiago,  1903;  San-  \ 
tiago  durante  el  Siglo  XVII,  1905;  Los  \ 
Conquistador es  de   Chile,    3   vols.,   San-  j 
tiago,    1908-13;    The    Thayer  family   of  \ 
Thornbury,  1907;  Las  antiguas  ciudades  \ 
de  Chile,   1911;  El  Diario  del  Dr.  Don\ 
Fernando  Antonio  de  los  Rios,  1913;  Oh- 
servaciones  acerca  del  viaje  de  Don  Gar- 
cia Hurtado  de  Mendoza  a  las  provincias  i 
de  Coronados  y  A  ncud  ,1913.  i 


IV 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


DAVILA    SILVA 


I     285 


RICARDO  DAVILA  SILVA 


Tedrher;  literary  critic. 

RiCARDO  Da  VILA  SiLVA  was  born  in 
Valparaiso  on  the  twenty-fifth  of  April 
1873.  He  received  his  early  education 
in  his  native  city,  attending  the  German 
Institute,  the  School  of  the  French 
Fathers,  and  the  Valparaiso  Lnceo.  From 
here  he  passed  to  the  University  of 
Chile  and  obtained  his  degree  of  Ba- ! 
( helor  in  Letters  and  Licenciate  in  Law.  | 

In  1910  he  was  appointed  to  the  ca- 
taloguing staff  of  the  National  Library, 
a  position  which  he  holds  at  the  pre- 1 
sent  time.  In  the  same  year  he  was  sent 
as  government  delegate  to  the  Scien- 
tific Congress  held  in  Buenos  Aires.  In 
1917  and  1918  he  was  Professor  of  Gen- 1 
iTal  Literature  in  the  Club  de  Seno- 
ras  and  in  1919  was  appointed  Profes- , 


AND     MONOGRAPHS 


IV 


286 

CHILEANS     OF    TO-DAY 

1 
1 

1 

! 

IV 

sor  of  Greek  and  Latin  in  the  Pedago- 
gical  Institute  of  Santiago. 

He  has  contributed    numerous   artic- 
les   on     social    and    literary    topics     to 
the    «Revista   Chilena»,    and    from   Ja- 
uary,    1917,  to  August,   1919,   held   the 
post  of  literary  critic  on   the   newspa- 
per «La  Naci6n»  of  Santiago  in  which 
he   wrote   weekly    book    reviews    under 
the  pseudonym  of  Leo  Par.  Besides  these 
fugitive  essays  he  is  the  author  of:  Re- 
formas  del  Codigo  Civil,  Santiago,  1897, 
Thesis;  Biblioteca  Ileleno-Cldsica,    San- 
tiago,   1913,    and   Biblioteca   Latino-cld- 
sica,   Santiago,    1914. 

1 

HISPANIC     NOTES 

BAN  N  EN  287 


PEDRO  BANNEN 

Lawyer;  public  man. 

Pedro  Baxnen  was  born  in  Concep- 
ci6n   in    1845   and   there  had   his  early  i 
education,  but  later  went  to  Santiago 
to  attend  the  University  of  Chile  where  j 
he   studied   Law    and  was  admitted    to ' 
the   Bar   in    1870. 

He    has    followed    his    profession    in  I 
Santiago  and  has  taken  part  in  public  j 
life,    He    associated    himself   with     the! 
Radical  Party  and  was  elected  Deputy  | 
for    the   Department   of   Vichuquen    in 
1879.    Afterwards    he   was   successively 
Deputy   for  Lautaro,   Concepcion,   Tal- 
rahuano    and    Coelemu,    serving    until 
the  year  1906  when  the  province  of  Mal- 
leco   elected   him  Senator.   In  Congress 
he  has  been  an  enthusiastic  supporter 
of  public  instruction  and  has  used   his 
influence  to  bring  about  better  salaries : 


AND     MONOGRAPHS  IV 


288 


CHILEANS     OF     TO-DAY 


for  teachers.  In  1879  he  became  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Society  of  Primary  Instruc- 
tion of  Santiago  and  held  the  office  of 
President  for  several  years.  In  1882  he 
organized  a  similar  society  in  Concep- 
ci6n  of  which  he  is  honorary  President. 

In  1895  he  joined  the  Rifle  Club  of 
Santiago  and  in  1898  became  its  di- 
rector. In  recognition  of  his  faithful 
service  in  this  capacity  he  was  present- 
ed with  a  gold  medal  and  a  diploma 
of  honor.  Propaganda  directed  by  him 
has  given  rise  to  numerous  rifle  clubs 
throughout  the  country. 

In  1899  fie  founded   a   school    for   the 
poor  children  of  the  city  as  a  test  for 
the  establishment  of  obligatory  educa- 
tion. As  a  result  the  « Society  of  Schools 
for  the  Poor«  was  founded,  an  organi- 
zation which  supports  numerous  schools 
scattered  throughout  the  country.   His  j 
earnestness  in  the  cause  secured  consi- 1 
deration  by  the  National    Congress    of  \ 
1901  of  the  first  project  for  obligatory  | 
primary   instruction.  I 


IV 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


Gilberto  Fuenzalida. 


FUENZALIDA 


GILBERTO    F(  ENZALIDA 


289 


Teacher;  Bishop  of  Concepdon. 
GiLBERTO    FUENZALIDA    GuZMAN,    the 

son  of  Bernardo  Fuenzalida  and  Ma- 
ria Mercedes  Guzman,  was  born  on  the 
fifteenth  of  F'el)ruary,  1868,  at  Talca 
where  he  received  his  first  instruction 
in  the  Lyceum.  Thereafter  he  entered 
the  Seminary  of  Talca  and  subsequently 
that  of  Santiago,  but  went  to  Rome  to 
complete  his  theological  studies  in  the 
Gregorian  University  where  he  was 
granted  his  Doctor's  degree  in  1890. 
In  1891  he  was  appointed  Professor 
of  Theology  and  Philosophy  in  the  Sem- 
inary of  Santiago;  in  the  following  year 
its  vice- Rector;  in  1893  he  was  made 
Rector  of  Talca,  and  in  1898  Rector  of 
the  Seminary  of  Santiago,  an  office 
which  he  held  until  1918. 


AND     MONOGRAPHS 


IV 


290 


CHILEANS     OF    TO-DAY 


From  1905  until  1918  he  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Committee  of  Public  Instruc- 
tion, during  the  same  period  he  was 
also  Dean  of  the  Faculty  of  Theology 
in  the  University,  and  when  Dr.  Amu- 
ndtegui  Solar,  its  Rector,  was  called 
in  1918  to  the  Ministry  of  Public  In- 
struction, Dr.  Fuenzalida  replaced  him 
as  acting  Rector. 

In  1906  he  obtained  in  competitive 
examination  the  office  of  Major  Canon 
of  the  Cathedral  of  Santiago.  In  1918  i 
he  was  named  Bishop  of  Concepci6n  i 
by  Pope  Benedict  XV  and  was  ordained 
by  the  Papal  Nuncio  in  Chile,  Sebas- 
tian  Nicotra. 

His  published  works  are:  Pedagogia 
Catequistica;  Catecismo  Menor;  Cate- 
cismo  Mayor;  La  Inquisicidn  en  Espana 
y  America. 


IV 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


CORREA    OVALLE 


PEDRO  CORREA  OVALLE 

Land-owner;  Senator. 

Pedro  Correa  Ovalle,  the  son  of 
Jos6  Gregorio  Correa  Albano  and  Delia 
Ovalle,  was  born  in  1864  in  the  city 
of  Santiago  and  there  was  educated  in 
the  schools  and  the  University  of  the 
capital. 

He  read  Law  and  was  admitted  to 
the  Bar,  but  did  not  practise  the  pro- 
fession, devoting  himself  rather  to  agri- 
culture and  particularly  to  viniculture 
in  which  he  has  won  notable  success  and 
has  travelled  abroad  to  study  methods 
and  seek  improvements.  On  one  of  his 
journeys  to  Europe  he  was  commis- 
sioned by  the  Government  to  select  a 
professor  of  Enology. 

Sr.  Correa  Ovalle  has  served  as  one 
of  the  Trustees  of  the  Catholic  Socie- ! 


AND     MONOGRAPHS 


IV 


292 


IV 


CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 


ties  and  Schools  of  St.  Thomas  Aquinas, 
as  well  as  one  of  the  managers  of  the 
Conservative  Party  in  the  province 
of  Talca;  in  1912  he  was  elected  Sen- 
ator and  re-elected  in  1918;  in  1914 
he  was  made  counselor  of  the  State 
Railways;  he  is  a  charter  member  of 
the  Wine-Producers  Society  of  Chile; 
he  is  also  vice-President  of  the  Visiting 
Committee  of  the  agricultural  schools 
and  of  the  Quinta   Normal. 


HISPANIC    NOTES 


ORTIZ     DE    ZARATt: 


293 


ELIODORO  ORTIZ   I)K  ZARATE 

Musician;  composer. 

Elodoro  Ortiz  de  Zaratp:,  the  son 
of  Jos^'  Ortiz  de  Zdrate  and  Julia  Fillipi, 
was  born  at  Valparaiso  on  the  twenty- 
ninth  of  December,  1865.  His  early 
education  completed,  he  entered  the 
National  Conservatory  where  he  was 
successful  in  winning  the  Government 
scholarship  that  enabled  him  to  pursue 
his  studies  abroad.  At  the  Milan  Con- 
servatory in  1889  he  obtained  his  title 
of  Licentiate  and  Master  of  Compos- 
ition and  in  his  final  examination  pres- 1 
ented  an  opera  Juana  la  Loca  whichv 
was  favorably  received  as  a  work  of 
[)romise. 

On  his  return  to  Chile  he  deN'oted 
himself  both  to  teaching  and  to  original 
work:  in  1895  his  second  opera  La  Flo- 


AND     MONOGRAPHS 


IV 


294 


CHILEANS     OF    TO-DAY 


rista  de  Lugano  was  successfully  pres- 
ented in  the  Municipal  Theatre  of 
Santiago;  his  next  composition  Lautaro, 
forming  the  first  of  the  trilogy  Arau- 
cana,  which  finds  its  subject  in  the  ro- 
mantic past  of  the  national  history, 
was  first  performed  in  1902  in  Santiago, 
i  and  subsequently,  together  with  his 
I  second  opera,  in  Europe.  The  atten- 
tion with  which  these  works  were  re- 
ceived was  not  due  solely  to  their  being 
the  music  of  a  new  aspirant  to  the 
operatic  stage;  they  were  pronounced 
by  the  critics  to  evince,  besides  cor- 
rectness of  form  and  technique,  a  happy 
spontaneity  of  melody. 

In  1905  Senor  Ortiz  de  Zdrate  was 
commissioned  by  his  government  to 
make  a  complete  investigation  of  mo- 
dern methods  of  musical  instruction. 
He  remained  in  Europe  eight  years 
and  there  composed  a  new  opera  Tasso 
y  Eleonora,  a  three-act  tragedy,  as 
well  as  the  symphonies  entitled  Dante, 
Sul  Lago,  Notte  Stelata,  Danza  e  Amore, 


IV 


HISPANIC    NOTES 


ORTIZ     DE    ZARATE 


20: 


and  Chile,  all  of  which  were  success- 
fully performed.  In  this,  his  later  work, 
it  is  to  be  noted  that  their  author  fol- 
lows the  tendency  of  the  more  modern 
schools  of  musical  thought. 

In  1915  he  gave  a,  series  of  concerts 
which  were  much  praised  by  the  mus- 
ical public  and  in  1919  he  was  appointed 
Visiting  Inspector  of  Musical  Instruc- 
tion  by   the   Chilean   Government.    He 

I  also  maintains  his  own   private  s(  hool 

i  of  music  in  Santiag6. 


AND     MONOGRAPHS 


IV 


296 

CHILEANS     OF    TO-DAY 

ENRIQUE    NERCASSEAU 
Y  MORAN 

Teacher. 

Enrique  Nercasseau  y  Moran,  the 
son  of  Enrique  Nercasseau  and  Maria 
Mercedes  Mordn,  was  born  in  Santiago 
on  the  ninth  of  December,  1855.  He 
received  his  early  instruction  in  the 
School  of  the  Sacred  Heart,  Santiago, 
and  entered  the  University  of  Chile 
from  which  he  graduated  in  1872  with 
the  degree  of  Bachelor  in  Philosophy 
and  Letters. 

Sr.  Nercasseau  has  devoted  himself 
to  the  teaching  profession  in  which 
he  has  passed  his  life  and  won  a  cred- 
itable place.  He  has  been  examiner  in 
Grammar  and  Latin  in  the  University 
since  1881;  he  served  as  teacher  of 
Spanish  in  the  San  Francisco  and  Mer- 

IV                HISPANIC     NOTES 

1 

'f.  Je^^Z^uf^Pu^  ^  J&T^y^:^^ 


NERCASSEAUYMORAN     !     297 


ced  Convents,  in  the  Radford  School, ! 
the  Adrian  Araya  School,  and  that 
of  Senora  Filomena  Rojas  de  Rebolledon 
in  1889  he  was  appointed  Professor  of 
Spanish  in  the  Pedagogical  Institute; 
in  1899  he  held  the  same  post  in  the 
Commercial  Technical  Institute; in  1905 
he  became  Lecturer  in  the  University; 
in  1906,  Professor  of  Mythology  in  the 
School  of  Fine  Arts,  and  finally  Pro- 
fessor of  General  Literature  and  Sparr- 
ish  in  the  University. 

He  has  been  honored  by  election 
to  the  Royal  Academy  of  Spain,  to 
the  Association  of  Writers  and  Artists 
of  Madrid,  and  to  the  Academy  of  Chile; 
he  is  the  author  of:  Nociones  de  Orto- 
grafia  Castellana;  Tratado  de  Metrica; 
Antologia  Castellana  Arcaica,  and  Ilis- 
toria  de  la  Literatura  Espanola,  a  trans- 
lation from  the  French. 


AND     MONOG 


rAphs       i     IV 


2^8 


CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 


AUGUSTO   BRUNA 

Capitalist. 

AuGUSTO  Bruna,  the  son  of  Adolfo 
Bruna  and  Carmen  Valenzuela,  was 
born  on  the  twenty-seventh  of  July, 
1870,  in  Santiago  and  there  was  edu-  \ 
cated  in  the  National  Institute  and  the 
University  where  he  won  the  degree 
of  Civil  Engineer. 

In  1894  he  began  his  commercial ; 
career,  in  the  nitrate  industry  where 
he  was  employed  first  as  a  subordinate, 
but  later  operated  independently  and 
on  a  large  scale.  In  1903  he  became  a 
member  of  Bruna  y  Sampaio  y  Cia.  and 
now  occupies  a  place  among  the  fore- 
most capitalslits  of  Chile. 

He  is  one  of  the  owners  of  La  Nacion, 
an  important  daily  paper  of  Santiago, 
and  in  1915  was  elected  Senator  for 
the  Province  of  Antofagasta. 


IV 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


DORLHIAC 

1 
1 

I 

! 

! 

(  ARLOS    DORLHIAC 

Artist. 

Carlos  Dorlhiac  was  born    on  the 
thirtieth    of  July,    1880,   in    Bordeaux, 
France,  but  was  educated  in  Santiago 
where  he  attended  private  schools  and 
studied  drawing  in  which  he  soon  won 
a  front  rank.  In  1907  he  studied  under 
the    Chilean    artist    Nicanor    Gonzalez 
M^ndez  and  in  the  same  year  won  the 
Bronze  Medal  in   the  annual  Salon  of 
Santiago;   in    1915    he   won    the   silver 
medal;   in    1916   he   was  awarded    the 
Gold   Medal,  and  in    1918  he  received 
the  Judges'  vote  of  applause. 

All  of  Sr.   Dorlhiac's  work  is  in   the 
field  of  drawing  and   his  subjects  are 
found  as  a  rule  in  the  Chilean  landscape 
and  its  ancient  buildings  to  which  he  is 
greatly  devoted  and  which  he  has  pres- 

AND     MONOGRAPHS 

1 

IV 

300    I      CHILEANS     OF    TO-DAY 


ented  in  drawings  which  reflect  infinite 
pains  and  minute  and  laborious  care. 
Among  the  best  known  of  his  draw- 
ings are:  La  Casa  Franciscana;  La  Casa 
Santa;  Eucaliptos;  Bosque  de  Pataguas; 
La  Puerta  de  la  Parroquia;  Los  grandes 
dr  boles. 


IV 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


Samuel  Claro  Lastarria. 


CLARO     LASTARRIA 


SAMUEL  CLARO  LASTARRIA 

Public  man. 

Samuel  Claro  Lastarria,  the  son 
of  Lorenzo  Claro  y  Cruz  and  Lucinda 
Lastarria,  was  born  in  Santiago  in  1873, 
but  he  received  his  early  education 
in  the  schools  of  Valparaiso.  Later  he 
entered  the  Law  School  of  the  Uni- 
versity of  Chile  where  he  obtained  his- 
law  degree  in  July,  1895.  Meantime, 
in  1891,  after  the  triumph  of  the 
Revolutionary  forces,  he  received  tlje 
appointment  of  accountant  in  the  of- 
fice of  Issue  of  Circulation.  The  fol- 
lowing year  he  was  appointed  private 
secretary  pro  tern  to  President  Jorge 
Montt.  Later  he  held  the  offices  of  as- 
sistant-Director pro  tern  of  the  Treas- 
ury, Director  of  Investigations  in  the 
Office    of    Exchanges,    Accountant    in 


AND     MONOGRAPHS 


301 


IV 


302 


CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 


the  Department  of  the  Treasury,  In- 
spector of  Treasuries,  and  Attorney  Gen- 
eral. In  1903  he  was  elected  local  leader 
of  the  Liberal  Party  and  in  1906  was 
called  by  President  Pedro  Montt  to 
assume  the  portfolio  of  Justice  and 
Public  Instruction.  In  1912  he  held 
the  post  of  Secretary  of  the  Treasury 
and  in  the  same  year  was  chosen  De- 
puty for  the  province  of  Arauco.  In  1915 
he  was  re-elected  and  again  in  1918. 
As  minister  and  deputy  he  has  lent  his 
aid  to  the  re-organization  of  the  Treas- 
ury, to  laws  on  public  instruction,  to 
womens'  compensation  acts,  and  to 
the  promulgation  of  the  Penal  Civil 
Code. 

At  the  present  time  he  is  a  member 
of  the  Chilean  commercial  and  financial 
commission  to  the  United  States. 


IV 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


OLIVA                               303 

1          ,    1 

DANIEL  OLIVA 

Man  of  affairs. 

Daniei.  Oliva,  the  son  of  Justo  Oliva 
and  Catalina  Figueroa  y  Ramirez,  was 
born  in  1844  at  San  Felipe.  At  the  age 
of   seventeen    he   moved    to   Tarapac^, 
then  in  Peruvian  territory,  and  devoted 
himself    to    the    nitrate    industry   with 
such  success  that  by  1879  he  had  become 
the  proprietor  of  the  « China '^  and  «So- 
lar^    properties.    On    the    confiscation 
of    these    properties    by    the    Peruvian 
government,  he  resolved  upon  seeking 
nitrate  in   the  Atacama  desert  where, 
after  a  wearisome  quest,  he  was  reward- 
ed by  discovering,   in   the  province  of 
Taltal,    twenty- two    leagues    from    the 
coast,  those  rich  nitrate  deposits  which 
have  since   constituted   a   chief   source 
of  the  country's  wealth. 

In   developing   the   industry   and    in 

AND    MONOGRAPHS 

IV 

304 

CHILEANS     OF    TO-DAY 

' 

establishing  the  three  factories   «Cata- 
lina«,  «Lautaro»,  and  «Bellavista»,  for 
the  production  of  nitrate,  he  invested ' 
the    sum     of   seven    hundred-thousand  | 
pesos,  and  when  around  these  factories 
arose    growing    townships    he  founded 
other  industries  that  added  still  further 
U)  their  prosperity. 

During   the   War   of    the    Pacific   he 
lent  special  service   to   the  country  in 
aiding   the   destitute   in     the    Province 
of   Atacama,    and  in  1886  entered  pol- 
itical life  when  he  was  elected  Deputy 
for  the  Department  of  Taltal.  In  1903 
he  was  chosen  Senator  for  Antofagasta, 
and    from    1912    to    1918    represented 
Coquimbo  in  the  Upper  House. 

In    1910,   on   his   property   near   Los 
Andes,  he  helped  to  found  and  establish 
a  company  for  the  supply    of    electric 
Hght  and  power  to  the  neighbourhood. 
He   also   made   over   another   property 
on  the  Rio  Blanco  to  the  Government 
for  experimental    salmon    breeding.    In 
1918  he  retired  to  private  life. 

1 

IV               HISPANIC     NOTES 

i 

BAfJADOS 


GUILLERMO    M.    BAN  ADOS 


305 


Journalist;  author. 

GuiLLERMO  M.  Banados,  the  son 
of  Federico  M.  Banados  and  Zulema 
Honorato,  was  born  on  the  tenth  of 
February,  1870,  in  San  FeHpe  and  there 
was  educated  in  the  Liceo. 

He  began  his  career  as  journalist  at 
an.  early  age  and  when  he  was  seven- 
teen was  a  member  of  the  staff  of  Los 
Ecos  del  Taller,  an  organ  of  the  labor 
party,  later  serving  on  El  Correo  de 
Quillota,  El  Andino  and  Los  Andes. 
His  relation  to  the  press  was  interrupted 
by  the  Revolution  of  1891  during  which  I 
he  was  enrolled  in  the  Balmaceda  forces, 
but  when  it  was  over  he  resumed  his  j 
professional  work,  contributing  to  El 
Progreso  of  Talca  and  La  Democracia 
and  La  Repiiblica  of  Santiago. 


AND    MONOGRAPHS 


IV 


306 

! 

I 

1 

CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 

In  1893  he  joined  the  Navy  as  Ships' 
Writer;  in  1895  he  became  Accountant 
and  in  1903  made  a  long  voyage  from 
Chile  to  Scandinavia.  Meantime  he 
continued  writing;  in  1894  he  published 
his  first  book,  El  Lector  Popular  Chi- 
leno,  and  in  1904  a  second,  Del  Mar 
Pacifico  al  Bdltico. 

In  1912  he  was  elected  Deputy  on 
the  Democratic  ticket  and  while  in 
Congress  gave  special  attention  to  labor 
questions. 

IV 

HISPANIC     NOTES 

CONCHA    CASTILlO         i     307 


FRANCISCO   CONCHA    CASTILLO 

Poet;  teacher. 

Francisco  Antonio  Concha  Cas- 
tillo, a  member  of  one  of  the  distin- 
guished families  of  Chile,  was  born  in 
1855  in  the  city  of  Santiago  where  he 
was  educated  and  has  passed  his  life. 
He  went  to  school  in  the  Sacred  Heart 
academy  and  entered  the  University 
to  read  law,  but  abandoned  it  for  the 
pursuit  of  poetry  for  which  he  felt  a ' 
vocation  and  which  his  ample  means  I 
permitted  him  to  follow. 

Somewhat  later  he  was  drawn  into  i 
the  current  of  politics  and  served  one  | 
term  as  Deputy  in  Congress,  but  with- 
drew at  its  close  to  the  more  congenial 
air  of  academic  and  literary  affairs.  He  i 
was  chosen  a  member  of  the  Faculty  j 
of    Philosophy    and    the    Humanities,  j 


AND     MONOGRAPHS  IV 


308 


IV 


CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 


Member  of  the  Chilean  Academy  and 
a  Corresponding  Member  of  the  Royal 
Academy  of  Letters  of  Madrid. 

Sr.  Concha  Castillo  has  never  col- 
lected his  poems  which  are  widely  scat- 
tered in  periodicals  and  magazines; 
some  of  them,  none  the  less,  are  popular 
and  among  the  more  notable  are:  Dolor 
Jenerator;  Elegia  a  la  Palabra;  Un  Idi- 
lio  trdgico;  Himno  a  la  bandera;  A  la 
Virgen  Maria  and  Apoteosis  a  Cervantes. 


HISPANIC    NOTES 


'yU^    ^^<^  <^^  - 


O  R  R  E  G  O     LUGO  309 


LUIS  ORREGO  LUGO 

Public  man;  novelist. 

Luis  Orrkgo  Luco,  the  son   of  An- 
tonio Orrego  y  Garmendia  and  Rosalia 
Luco  de  la  Barra,  was  born  in  Santiago 
on  the  twenty  first  of  May,   1866.  He 
received   his  early  schooling  abroad   in 
the  Breidenstein    Institute   of    Switzer-  j 
land,    and    continued  his  education    in  | 
the  celebrated    English  school  directed  | 
by    Mr.     Radford     in    Santiago.    After ; 
finishing   his   courses   there   he   entered  I 
the  University  of  Ghile,  graduated  as  i 
Bachelor    of    Letters,   and   in    1887   re-! 
ceived  his  degree  as  Licentiate  in  Law. 

He  entered  the  field  of  literature  as 
early  as  1884  when  his  work  entitled 
Causas  determinantes  de  la  Independen- 
cia  de  America  was  awarded  a  prize  of 
honor   in    the    University    Competition 


AND     MONOGRAPHS  IV 


310 


CHILEANS     OF    TO-DAY 


!  of  that  year.  The  following  year  he  was 
I  appointed  editor  of  La  Epoca  of  San- 
j  tiago   and   in    1886   appointed   Curator 
I  of  the  Archives  of  the  Ministry  of  the 
I  Interior.  The  Revolution  of  1891  found 
in    hira   an   active   participant   and   as 
Second   in   Command   of  the  regiment 
Chafiaral  he  fought  on  the  side  of  the 
Congressional  forces  in  the  bloody  bat- 
tles of  Concon  and  Placilla.  At  the  close 
of  this  struggle  he  was  appointed  Con- 
sul General  and  charge  d'affaires  in  Mad- 
rid and  held    this  post  until  1893  when 
he  was  transferred   to   Rio  de  Janeiro 
as   Secretary  to  the  Chilean  Legation. 
In  1894  he  returned  to  Chile  to  accept 
the   appointment   of    Governor   of   the 
province  of  Colchagua.  In  1918  he  was 
appointed  Minister  of  Justice  and  Pub- 
lic Instruction  and  at  the  present  time 
is  Deputy  for  the  Department  of  Osorno. 
He  has  contributed  to  many  of  the 
magazines  of  his  country  and  is  known 
both  as  a  writer  of  humoristic  articles 
and  as  a  noveHst.  Among  his  published 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


ORREGO    LUCO 


Ul 


works,  all  of  which  were  issued  in  San- 
tiago,  are:   Pdginas   americanas,    1892; 
Pandereta,    1896;     Un    mundo    muerto,\ 
1897;    Un  idilio   niievo,    1900;   Estudiosl 
inlernaci (males,    1901-1902;    Chile    con- \ 
tempordnco,    1904;    Episodios    Naciona-  \ 
les,  1905;  Casa  grande,  1908;  En  fanti-^. 
Ha,   1912;  La  tempestad,   1914;  and  La 
vida  que  pasa,  1919. 


AND     MONOGRAPHS 


IV 


312         CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 


SILVESTRE  OCHAGAVIA 

Land-owner ;  Senator. 
SiLVESTRE     OCHAGAVIA,     the     SOn     of 

;  Silvestre  Ochagavia  Errazuriz  and  Con- 

i  cepci6n  Echaurren  Huidobro,  was  born 

in  Santiago  in  1851  and  educated  there. 

i      The  care  of  his  extensive  properties 

has   occupied    the   greater   part   of   his 

!  Hfe,  but  he  has  also  taken  an  effectual 

i  interest  in  pubHc  affairs:  He  has  repres- 

j  ented  Llanquihue  and  Carelmapu  in  the 

Chamber  of  Deputies  for  several  terms; 

he  has  been  a  member  of  the  Executive 

Committee  of  the  Conservative  Party, 

he  has  been  a  member   of    the   Senate, 

representing     Chiloe    since    1912,    and 

in  1914  served  as  its  President. 

In  1918  he  purchased  El  Diario  Ilus- 
trado  from  the  Archbishop  of  Santiago 
j  and   has  conducted   it  in   the  interests 
I  of  the  Conservative  Party. 


W     !  HISPANIC     NOTES 


MONTANER     BELLO 


313 


RICARDO   MONTANER   BELLO 

Teacher;  historian. 

RiCARDO  MoNTANER  Bello,  the  son 
of  Ricardo  Montaner  and  Elvira  Bello, 
was  born  in  Santiago  on  the  twenty- 
eighth  of  March,  1868.  He  was  educated 
in  the  Sacred  Heart  school  and  in  the 
Law  School  of  the  University  of  Chile. 
At  an  early  age  he  showed  an  inclina- 
tion to  letters  and  in  1888  his  poetical 
composition  Canto  a  los  Mecenas  de  Chile 
received  first  award  in  the  public  com- 
petition ^held  by  El  Taller  Ilustrado  of 
Santiago.  In  the  same  year  he  assisted 
in  founding  the  Ateneo  of  Santiago  and 
the  Club  del  Progreso  and  wrote  also 
for  the  organ  of  the  club,  La  Revista 
del  Progreso.  During  the  same  period 
he  also  wrote  a  number  of  articles  for 
La  Tribuna. 

In    1891    he    abandoned   his    pen   to 


AND     MONOGRAPHS 


IV 


314         CHILEANS     OF    TO-DAY 


aid  in  the  revolution  against  President 
Balmaceda.    After    taking   part    in    the  j 
campaign  of  the  North  as  Captain  in  j 
the  Constitutional  Battahon,  he  came  ' 
South    with    the    Revolutionary    troops 
and     participated     in      the    important 
battles  of  Concon  and  Placilla.  In  1894 
he  was  appointed  head  of  one  of  the 
j  departments   in   the   Ministry   of  War. 
j  The   following  year   he  was   appointed 
j  editor   of   the    Mercurio   of   Valparaiso 
I  and   held    this  post  for  a  year.  He  was 
I  later  appointed  to  the  Chair  of  Inter- 
1  national  Law  in  the  Military  Academy, 
I  publishing  at  that  time  a  study  of  the 
I  works    of   the   sociologist   Cumplowitz. 
j  At  present  he  is  a  member  of  the  Law 
I  Faculty  of  the  University  of  Chile.         , 
1      Sr.    Montaner    Bello    has    published  | 
I  a  number  of  Law  studies  in  the  Revista 
I  Forense,  as  well  as  contributing  to  Chile 
I  Moderno    and    the    Revista    de  Chile. 
His  Historia  de  las  negociaciones  di- 
plomdticas   enire    Chile   y   el  Peru   was 
published  in   1904. 


IV 


HISPAN  IC     NOTES 


GALLARDO     FONT  315 


GALVARINO  GALLARDO  FONT    i 

Journalist:  ma pistrate. 

Galvakinv)  Gallardo  ioNT,  the  son  j 
of   Jose    Camilo   Gallardo,    one   of   the  I 
pioneers  of  printing  in  Chile,  was  born 
on  the  thirty-first  of  July,  1845,  at  San- 
tiago. He  entered    the    National   Insti- 
tute in  his  tenth  year,  and  his  first  stud- 
ies completed,  passed  to  the  University 
where  he  followed  the  law  courses  until, 
in   1869,'  he  was  granted  his  degree  of 
Licentiate    and    subsequently    that    of 
Doctor  of  Laws.  His  thesis  for  the  doc- 1 
t orate  dealt  with  the  extension  of  wo- 
men's civil  and  political  rights.  j 

His    career    as    civil    servant    began  I 
when,  while  still  a, pupil  of  the  Institute, 
he  was  appointed  clerk  in  the  Central 
Statistical    Office;   and    it   was   at    the 
same  early  period   that  he  began  also , 


AND     MONOGRAPHS  IV 


316 


CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 


his  journalistic  career  by  becoming 
first  proof  reader,  afterwards  reporter, 
and  finally  editor  of  El  Ferrocarril 
where  he  continued  until  1911  when 
the  paper  ceased  publication.  In  1863, 
on  the  foundation  of  the  Santiago  Fire 
Brigade,  he  became  an  active  member ' 
of  the  Second  Company. 

His  judicial  career  began  in  1875  in 
I  which  year  he  was  appointed  Criminal  | 
I  Judge  for  the  town  of  Talca,  where  his 
I  energetic  measures  for  stamping  out  j 
j  the  brigandage  then  rife  in  the  pro- 1 
I  vince,  won  him  the  highest  regard.  In  j 
;  1882  he  was  promoted  to  be  Judge  of  j 
I  the  Court  of  Appeals  of  Concepcion  ; 
I  and  in  1889  to  that  of  Santiago.  He  i 
I  became  a  member  of  the  High  Court  in  \ 
I  1899  and  for  various  periods  acted  ac-  i 
I  ceptably  as  its  President.  | 

!      From   1891   onwards  until  his  recent 

I 

j  retirement  on  a  well  earned  pension, 
I  he  lectured  in  the  Faculty  of  the  Uni- 
i  versity  on  Penal  Law,  in  which  he  is  a 
i  recognized   authority. 


IV 


H  I  S.PA  NIC     NOTES 


MONTENEGRO  '     317 


PEDRO  N.  MONTENEGRO 

Lawyer;  government  official. 

Pedro  N.  Montenegro,  the  son  of 
Nicolas  Montenegro  and  Teresa  Quel, 
Was  born  at  Los  Andes  in  1872.  He 
had  his  secondary  education  in  the 
schools  of  San  Felipe  and  went  to  the 
University  where  he  entered  the  Fac- 
ulty of  Law  and  obtained  his  degree 
as  Licentiate  in  1895. 

His  political  convictions  led  him  to 
affilliate  himself  with  the  party  of 
President  Balmaceda,  to  which  party, 
both  by  his  newspaper  articles  and  his 
speeches,  especially  those  delivered  in 
the  Liberal  Democratic  Club,  he  ren- 
dered conspicuous  service. 

He  first  sat  in  Congress  in  the  period 
1903-1906  as  representative  of  Mulch^n; 
from   1906  to  1912  he  represented  the 


AND    MONOGRAPHS         '     TV 


318 

CHILEANS     OF    TO-DAY 

1 
1 

Department  of  La  Laja,  and  in  1908 
he  was  invited  by  President  Montt  to 
fill  the  post  of  Minister  of  Finance 
where  he  remained  five  months. 

He  was  again  Minister  of  Finance 
under  President  Barros  Luco  in  1911- 
1912,  when  he  was  successful  in  devis- 
ing a  special  law  to  provide  for  the  deficit 
of  eighty  millions  of  pesos  then  existent 
in  the  National  Treasury.  To  him  were 
due  also  the  laws  for  the  establishment 
of  the  Department  of  Issue  in  the  Treas- 
ury, and  for  the  inauguration  of  a  Cus- 
toms Department  in  Punta  Arenas. 

In  1912  he  entered  the  upper  house 
as  Senator  for  the  province  of  Bio-Bfo: 
in  1915  he  was  defeated  for  re-election 
and  resigned  the  leadership  of  the  Lib- 
eral Democratic  Party,  but  in  March, 
1920,  he  was  recalled  to  form  a  new 
Ministry  in  which  he  occupies  the  post 
of  Minister  of  the  Interior. 

IV               HISPANIC     NOTES 

CORREA  BRAVO 


M9 


AGLSTIN  CORREA  BRAVO 


Journalist;  poet. 

AgustIn  Correa  Bravo,  the  son  of 
Agustfn  Correa  Besoain  and  of  Juana 
Bravo,  was  born  on  the  sixth  of  April, 
1864,  at  Talca.  He  was  educated  at  the 
National  Institute  in  Santiago  and  re- 
ceived his  degree  of  Bachelor  of  Lit- 
erature from  the  University  in  1882; 
he  then  entered  the  Faculty  of  Law, 
and  gained  his  degree  of  Licentiate 
and  his  title  of  Advocate  in  1886. 

Four  years  previously  he  had  begun 
his  public  service  by  accepting  an  in- 
spectorship in  the  National  Institute, 
a  post  which  he  held  for  two  years  and 
in  1891  became  Professor  of  Literature 
in  the  same  establishment. 

In  1885  he  joined  the  staff  of  La  Epo- 
ca  of  which  newspaper  he  became  edit- 


AND    MONOGRAPHS 


IV 


320        CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 

or  in  the  year  1891.  In  this  year  he  was 
appointed    Secretary-   to    the   Governor; 
of  Santiago,  and  soon  aftervs^ards  Gov- 
ernor,  an   office  that  the  outbreak  of  j 
the  revolution  compelled  him  to  aban- ' 
don.    He   was   elected    to    Congress    in 
1906  for  Llanquihue  and  continued  to  , 
represent   the   same   district   till    1915. ; 
Since  that  time    he  has   devoted  him- 
self with  success  and  growing  reputation  | 
to  the  exercise  of  his  profession  and  to  ; 
the   publication   of   important   treatises 
on  legal  and  municipal  matters,  among ; 
them  being:  El  recur  so  de  habeas  corpus; 
Los    Extranjeros    ante  la   Ley   Chilena; 
Estudios   Legales   y   de    Jurisprudencia, 
1890;  and   Comentarios  y  concordancias 
de  la  ley  de  orgatiizacion  y  atribttciones 
>  de  las  Municipal idades  de  22  de  Diciem- 
bre  de  189 L  The  last  named  work  was . 
published   in   1903   and    is    now  in  its  j 
fourth  edition. 

Senor    Correa     has     been     awarded 
the  Cruz  de  Oro  of  Cuba. 


IV  HISPANIC     NOTES 


^~*wfc~_r5i/:£^^^:^_J5fe^ 


CRUCHAGA  SANTA  MARIA 


M\ 


ANGEL  CRUCHAGA  SANTA  MARIA 

Journalist;  poet. 

Angel  Cruchaga  Santa  MarIa, 
the  son  of  Ismael  Cruchaga  and  Vir- 
ginia Santa  Marfa,  was  born  on  the 
twenty-third  of  March,  1893,  in  San- 
•tiago  where  he  grew  up  and  was  edu- 
cated in  the  school  of  the  Franciscan 
Fathers.  , 

He  responded  very  early  to  the  call  | 
of  letters  and  began  to  write  while  he  j 
was  still  at  school.  A  little  later  he  was 
contributing  prolifically  to  the  news- 
papers and  periodicals  of  the  capital, 
producing  poems,  articles,  sketches,  re- 
ports and  criticism  in  facile  abundance. 
With  more  maturity  came  greater  res- 
traint and  his  work  in  the  magazines, 
Zig-Zag,  Los  Diez,  Renacimineto  and 
J uventud  showed    greater    command  of  | 


AND    MONOGRAPHS 


IV 


322 


CHILEANS     OF    TO-DAY 


I  his  materials.  At  a  later  stage  he  began 
j  to  write  for  the  periodicals  of  Buenos 
Aires — Caras  y  Caretas,  Nosotros  and 
Nuestra  America.  Finally  in  1917  he 
went  to  the  Argentine  capital  and  re- 
mains   there. 

His  poetical  work  reflects  the  mood 
I  of  youth  and  the  temper  of  the  time: 
lit    is    full    of    world-weariness,    revolt, 
i  Pantheism    and    sentiment,    but    often 
arresting  in  form  and  phrase.  He  pub- 
lished in  1915  a  book  of  verse  entitled 
Las    Munos    Juntas,    which    has    been 
much  praised. 


IV 


HISPANIC    NOTES 


ORREGO    BARROS  i     323 


ANTONIO  ORREGO  BARROS 

Poet;  public  official. 

Antonio  Orrego  Barros,  the  son 
of  Augusto  Orrego  Luco  and  Martina 
Barros,  both  descendants  of  well  known 
Chilean  families,  was  born  on  the  first 
of  September,  1880,  in  Santiago,  where 
he  received  his  education  at  the  Na- 
tional Institute  and  the  University. 

For  a  time  he  studied  medicine,  but 
relinquished  it  for  literature  in  which 
he  has  made  his  name  as  a  writer  of 
verse  in  the  racy  Spanish  current  among 
the  common  people,  filled  as  it  is  with 
many  picturesque,  homely  expressions, 
half  slang  and  half  dialect.  His  first 
book  of  collected  verse  appeared  in 
1903  under  the  title  of  Alma  Criolla 
and  was  followed  by  La  Marejd  and 
La  Nave  Vieja,  a  narrative  dialect  ix)eni 


AND    MO  N,0  GRAPHS  IV 


324 


CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 


IV 


of  the  Battle  of  Iquique;  in  a  later  vol- 
ume, El  Capitdn  Trovador,  he  relates 
in  the  same  style  the  romantic  history 
of  Alonso  de  Ercilla,  the  author  of  the 
Chilean  national  epic  La  Araucana. 

Senor  Barros  is  a  member  of  the  Ate- 
neo  of  Santiago  and  of  that  of  Mexico 
City.  To-day  he  holds  the  appoint- 
ment of  Clerk  of  the  Senate. 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


^• 


7 


M 


A/'a^-v*. 


^*C*^.*»-v  «. 


MARIN    VICURA 


325 


SANTIAGO  MARIN  VICUNA 

Engineer. 

Santiacx)  Marin  Vicuna,  the  son 
of  Ventura  Marin  del  Solar  and  Carmen 
Vicuna,  was  born  on  the  twent^^-eighth 
of  November,  1871,  in  La  Serena  and 
had  his  early  education  in  the  schools 
and  the  Lyceum  of  his  native  town. 
Later,  in  the  year  1889,  he  entered  the 
University  and  there  obtained  the  de- 
gree of  Engineer  in    1909. 

He  has  had  a  wide  experience  as  en- 
gineer, serving  in  the  Department  of 
Public  Works,  on  the  staff  of  the  Boun- 
dary Commssion,  on  the  Government 
Railways,  and  in  the  Department  of 
Internal  Revenue;  he  has  served  as 
constructing  engineer,  as  assessor  for 
bank  loans,  and  has  acted  as  govern- 
ment   representative    on    foreign    com- 


AN  D     MONOGRAPHS 


IV 


326 


CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 


missions  and  in  scientific  congresses. 
He  is  at  present  Engineer  in  the  Depart- 
ment of  Internal  Revenue.  He  is  a  mem- 
ber of  various  learned  societies  includ- 
ing the  Institute  of  Engineers  of  Chile, 
the  Institute  of  Engineers  of  Peru,  and 
the  Geographical  Society  of  Peru. 

Senor   Marin   has   written   much   for 
the   press   and    for   periodicals,    and   is 
besides   the   author   of   more   extended 
works  including:  A  traves  de  la  Patago-  \ 
nia,  1901;  Tdbla  para  la  cuhicacion  dell 
ntovimiento    de    tier r as,    1901;    Los    Fe-\ 
rrocarriles  de  Chile,  1901;  El  Laudo  Ar- 
bitral de  S.  M.  Britdnica,  1902;  Injorme 
sohre    el  Ferrocattil  Longitudinal,    1908; 
La  ley  de  Regadio  de  la     Repuhlica  de 
Chile,    1910;    Informe    sohre    el   Puerto 
de  Mejillones,   1911;   Chile  ante  el   Con- 
greso  Cientifico  de  Buenos    Aires,     1911; 
El  Regimen    Administrativo   de   los   Fe- , 
rrocarriles  del  Estado,   1912;  Ferrocar riles 
Internaciondles,  1914;  Problemas  Nacio- 
nales,  1917. 


IV 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


]  ARAM  I  LLC)     MOLINA  327 


:dmuxdo  jaramillo  molina 


Director  of  the  School 

of  Meaicine. 


Edmundo    Jaramillo    Molina    was 

born  at  Placilla  in  the  province  of  San 

I  Fernando  on   the  fifteenth  of  January, 

:  1872,    and    received    his    education    in 

I  Santiago    at      the     Liceo    Republicano 

and  the  Carmen  and  the  St.  Thomas 

Aquinas  Schools.   He  was  granted   his  i 

degree  of   Bachelor  of  Letters  by   the 

University  in  1889,  entered  the  Faculty 

of   Medicine,    there   won    his  degree  of 

Bachelor  of  Medicine  in  1893  and  that 

of  Licentiate  as  well  as  that  of  Doctor, 

two  years  later. 

From  1894  to  1897  he  served  on  the, 
staff  of  the  Medical  School  as   assistant 
in  the  surgical  ward.  In  the  last  named 
year  he  was  sent  by  the  government 


AND     MONOGRAPHS  IV 


328 


CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 


!  to  complete  his  studies  in  Europe  in  the 
:  subjects  of  massage  and  orthopedia  as 
!  well  as  to  inspect  and  take  over  a  pur- 
j  chase  of  medical  stores.  While  there 
i  he  also  attended  the  French  army  mano- 
I  euvres  to  examine  the  working  of  Field 
i  Hospitals. 

On  his  return  to  Chile  in  1899  he 
devoted  himself  for  a  time  to  his  private 
practice,  but  in  1905  he  was  appointed 
chief  of  the  Hospital  of  St.  Vincent  de 
Paul  and  in  1909,  Director  of  the  School 
of  Medicine,  both  of  which  posts  he 
still  holds. 


IV 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


IRARRAZAVAL 


M9 


ALFREDO  IRARRAZAVAL 


Poet;  joiinuilist;  diplomat. 


Alfredo    Irarrazaval,    the   son   of 
Galo  Irarraza\  al  and  Adelaida  Zanartu, 
I  was   born   on    the  sixth   of   December, 
I  1867,  in  Santiago  and  received  his  educ- 
ation in  the  schools  of  the  capital,  in 
;  the  National  Institute   and  in   the  Uni- 
i  versity  where  he    completed    the    third 
year's  course  in  the  Faculty  of  Law  in 
!  1879.    In    that   year   he  left  his  studies 
I  to  volunteer    as    a    private  soldier  for 
the  war  with  Bolivia  and  Peru,  but  was 
'  rejected  as  being  under  age.   He  then 
turned  his  attention  to  journalism  and 
,  in  1884  joined  the  staff  of  the  Santiago 
j  newspaper  La  Epoca  in  whose  columns 
I  he  soon  made  a  name  for  himself  as  k 
writer  of  light  and  satirical   verse.   Sub- 
j  sequently    he    was   associated    with  Gil 
Bias  and  with  El  Heraldo  of  Valparaiso. 


AND     MONOGRAPHS  IV 


330 


CHILEANS     OF    TO-DAY 


In    1889    he    abandoned    journalism 
for  mining  and  in  Vallenar  worked  till  I 
the  outbreak  of  the  revolution  of    1891, 
:  when  he  joined  the  revolutionary  forces 
;  at   Iquique   and   served   as   Captain   in 
I  the    battles    of    Concon    and    Placilla. 
When  tranquillity  was  restored  he  was 
appointed  miltary  attache   of    the  Chil- 
ean  Legation  in  Rome  whence  h6  was 
I  promoted  to  Berlin  as  charge  d'affaires.' 
I  On  his  return  to  Chile  in  1896  he  first 
!  rejoined  the  staff  of  La  Epoca  but  af- 
I  terwards,  with  his  broter,  founded    La 
Tarde  and  the  weekly  review  Los  Lunes. 
His  parliamentary  career  from   1900 
to   1912,  first  as  Deputy  for  Collipulli 
and  afterwards  for  Angol,  was  a  success- 
ful and  noteworthy  one  for  his  active! 
participation  in  debate.  In  1913  he  was 
appointed    Chilean    Minister    to    Brazil 
and  in  1920  Minister  to  Berlin. 
'  His   published   books   of   poems  are: 
Los  Mdrtires  de  Iquique,  1885;  Reriglones 
Cortos,    1887;    and     Guitarrazos,    [1897. 


IV 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


Onofre  Jarpa. 


JARPA  ^^1 


ONOFRE   JARPA 

Landscape  painter. 

Onofre  Jarpa,  the  son  of  Francisco 
Javier  Jarpa  and  Genoveva  Labra,  was 
born  in  1849  and  was  educated  in  pri- 
vate schools  until  his  eighteenth  year 
when  he  entered  the  School  of  Art  in 
Santiago  with  the  intention  of  studying 
figure  painting.  Finding,  however,  that 
the  school  was  indifferently  equipped 
for  his  purpose,  he  turned  his  attention 
to  landscape  painting  to  which  he 
henceforth  devoted  himself.  In  1875  he 
won  his  first  official  recognition  in  the 
International  Exposition  of  Santiago 
and.  in  1881  made  his  first  trip  to  Eur- 
ope where  in  Rome  he  received  a  sound 
training  under  the  direction  of  the  emi- 
nent Spaniard  Pradilla. 

Returning   to   Santiago   in    1885,    he 


AND     MONOGRAPHS  IV 


332 

j 
i 

j 
j 

1 

CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 

there    continued    with    growing    reput- 
ation his  faithful  renderings  of  typical 
Chilean    scenery   which    were    awarded 
honours  not  only  in  local  Exhibitions, 
but  in  that  of  Buffalo  in   19G1  and  of 
Buenos  Aires  in  1910. 

As  a  member  of  the  Fine  Arts  Com- 
mission,    in     conjunction    with     Pedro 
Lira   the    figure   painter,   he    has   done 
much   to  improve  public  taste  and   to 
stimulate   a  wider  appreciation   of   the 
plastic  arts.   He  is  now  the  recognized 
doyen  of  the  Chilean  landscape  school 
and  has  inspired  the  work  of  many  of 
the    younger    painters,    among    whom 
are  E.  Swinburn  and  J.  T.   Errazuriz. 

1     IV 

i 

HISPANIC    NOTES 

LETELIER     ESPINOLA 


^33 


MIGUEL  LETELIER  ESPINOLA 

Engineer;  teacher. 

Miguel  Letelier  Espinola,  the 
son  of  Jos6  Letelier  and  Edelmira  Es- 
pinola.Vas  born  in  the  fifteenth  of  May, 
1883,  in  Santiago  and  gained  his  educ- 
ation there  in  the  San  Ignacio  Academy 
and  the  Catholic  University.  Later, 
during  his  stay  in  Belgium,  he  studied 
in  the  University  of  Louvain. 

In  1905  he  was  appointed  Second 
Secretary  of  the  Legation  in  Belgium 
and  Holland.  In  1907  he  returned  to 
Chile  and  was  appointed  Professor  in 
the  Catholic  University  where  he  con- 
tinues to  teach;  meantime,  from  1908  to 
1910,  he  served  as  substitute-Professor 
of  Engineering  in  the  University  of 
Chile. 

He  has  held  various  posts  of  honor, 


AND    MONOGRAPHS 


IV 


334 


CHILEANS     OF     TO-DAY 


including  that  of  Advisor  to  the  Rail- 
road administration  from  1914  to  1919; 
Deputy  from  1915  to  1918,  President 
of  the  Chilean  Institute  of  Engineers 
for  1918-19,  Member  of  the  South- 
American  Railway  Congress,  and  mem- 
ber of  the  Council  of  the  National  Loan 
Bank. 

He  has  written  much  in  his  proper 
field  and  is  the  author  of  the  following 
works:  Estahilidad  de  Construcciones, 
1917;  Un  problema  de  regadio,  1911; 
Accidn  social  del  ingeniero,  1919. 


IV 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


Julio  Montebruno  Lopez. 


MONTEBRUNO     LOPEZ  335 


JULIO  MONTEBRUNO   LOPEZ 

Teacher;  writer. 

Julio  Montebruno  Lopez,  the  son 
of  Juan  Montebruno  and  Carmen  L6- 
pez,  was  born  on  the  eighteenth  of  April, 
1871,  in  La  Serena  and  began  his  educ- 
ation  there,   but  removed   to  Santiago 
for  the  later  courses  and  studied  in  the 
University.    In    1892   he   won    the   title 
of  Professor  of  History  and  Geography 
and  in  the  following  year  began  to  teach  j 
in  the  Lyceum.   In   1894  he  was  made  j 
Professor  in  the  National   Institute,  in  | 
1895  Professor  in  the  Military  School,  j 
and  in  1899  Professor  of  Universal    His-  ! 
tor>'  in  the  Pedagogical  Institute. 

In    1908    the    Government    commis-  ^ 
-ioned    him    to    study    the    systems    of 
instruction  in   the  universities  of  Eur- 
ope. He  remained  aboad  on  this   errand 


AND     MONOGRAPHS  IV 


336 


CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 


until  1912,  and  passed  a  considerable! 
period  at  the  University  of  Berlin.  In  { 
1914  he  was  appointed  Rector  of  the! 
Lyceum.  | 

Senor    Montebruno    has    written    for ' 
various   periodicals,  and   is   the    author  I 
of   the   following   books   in    his   special  I 
field:  Atlas  Escolar  de  Chile,  1903;  His-  \ 
toria  Antigua  de  Ordente  i  Grecia,    1909; 
Historia  de  Roma  Antigua  1899;    Jeo- 
grafia   de   Euro  pa,    1901;    Jeografia    de 
America  i   de  Chile,  1908;  Jeografia  de 
Asia,  Africa  i  Oceania,  1909;. 


IV     !  HISPANIC     NOTES 


MACKENNA 


337 


JUAN  RDUARDO  MACKE:NNA 


Public  official. 


Juan  Edi  arix)  Mackenna,  the  son 
of    Felix    Mackenna    and    Carmen    As- 

I  torga,  was  born  on  the  seventeenth  of 
September,  1840,  in  Santiago  and  there 
was  educated  in  the  National  Institute, 
the  San  Luis  School,  and  the  Univers- 

j  ity  where  he  read  Law  and  was  after- 

I  wards  admitted  to  the  Bar. 

;  His  first  official  post  was  that  of  pri- 
vate  secretary  to  Alberto    Blest   Gana, 

I  Chilean  Minister  to  the  United  States. 

I  This  appoin  tment  he  held  for  three  years  . 
and  in  1870,  on  his  return  to  Chile,  was' 
named    Governor    of    the    province    of 
Valparaiso. 

His  political  career  proper  began   in  i 
1876    on    his   election    as    Deputy    for 
Lautaro  to  Congress  where  afterwards. 


AND    MONOGRAPHS 


IV 


338         CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 


for  three  consecutive  periods,  he  repre- 
sented  Valparaiso. 

During  the  War  of  the  Pacific  he 
fulfilled  with  credit  the  duties  of  Sec- 
retary to  the  Naval  and  Military  Board. 
In  the  revolutionary  year  of  1891  he 
was  invited  by  President  Balmaceda 
to  the  Ministry  of  Foreign  Affairs,  but 
declined,  ,  not  being  able  to  reconcile 
himself  to  the  conditions  of  accept- 
ance, and  when  the  Constitutional 
Congress  was  formed  he  accepted  elec- 
tion both  as  Senator  and  vice-President 
on  the  Congressional  side.  At  the  close 
of  the  revolution  he  went  to  the  United 
States  and   remained   there  till   1893. 

After  twenty  years  of  retirement 
from  political  Jife  he  was  elected  Sen- 
ator for  Coquimbo  in  1910,  and  in 
1913,  President  of  the  Liberal  Democ- 
ratic Party,  which  office  he  held  for  a 
year  and  a  half. 


IV 


HISPANIC    NOTES 


DK     LA    CRUZ 


339 


ERNESTO  DE  LA  CRUZ  j 

Author;  teacher.  \ 


Ernesto  de  la  Cruz,  the  son  of 
Alberto  de  la  Cruz  Echeverria  and  Es- 
tela  Silva  Cruz,  was  born  on  the  ninth 
of  October,  1885,  in  the  city  of  Santia- 
go and  there  had  his  early  education  in 
the  National  Institute,  after  which  he 
entered  the  Naval  School  in  Valparaiso. 

His    vocation    for    literature    proved  i 
stronger  than  the  attraction  of  the  sea  i 
and  he  Began  to  write  iri  the  newspap- 
ers of  Santiago  and  to  teach  in  the  pub- 
lic schools  where  he  had  classes  in   His- 
tory, Geography  and  Spanish.  He  served 
for  a  time  as  Head  of  one  of  the  Sec- ; 
tions  in  the  Museum  of  Ethnology  and  ' 
Anthropology.  Finally,  in   1919,    in    re- 
cognition  of  his  historical  publications, 


AND    MONOGRAPHS 


IV 


340 


CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 


he  was  appointed  Editor  of  the  Proceed- 
ings of  the  Senate. 

Meantime  he  was  pursuing  studies 
in  Chilean  history,  contributing  ar- 
ticles to  the  Revista  Chilena  de  Historia 
y  Geografia,  and  publishing  his  books: 
La  Entreuista  de  Guayaquil,  Santiago, 
1912  and  1914,  Madrid,  1919;  Episto- 
lario  del  Capitdn  General  don  Bernardo 
O'Higgins,  (two  vols,  Santiago,  1917- 
192o! 

He  is  an  Honorary  Member  of  the 
Academies  of  History  of  Colombia  and 
Venezuela,  and  of  the  Club  of  American 
History  and  Numismatics  of  Buenos 
Aires. 


IV  HISPANIC     NOTES 


^CUf^j  jia.^£^' 


GALLARDO    NIETO 


.Ul 


GALVARINO  GALLARDO  NIETO 


Lawyer;  public  man;  writer. 


Galvarino    Gallardo    Nieto,    the 

json    of    the    distinguished    jurisconsult 

Galvarino  Gallardo   Font   and  Josefina 

Xieto,  was  born  on  the  thirtieth  of  Au- 

!  gust,   1877,  in  Talca  but  was  educated 

I  in    Santiago. '  There    he    attended    the 

!  National  Institute,    won   his  degree  of 

Bachelor  of  Arts,  entered  the  University 

I  where  he  studied  Law,  and  in  1899  was 

i  admitted  to  the  Bar. 

He  has  practised  law  in  Santiago  and 
I  has  won  a  notable  place  in  the  ranks  of 
the  profession.  In  1909  he  was  appoint- 
ed Visitor  ad  honorem  to  the  Chilean 
Consulates  in  Europe  and  the  United 
States,  and  in  1918  was  elected  Deputy 
for  Chilian  on  the  Radical  ticket. 

He  has  written  much  in  newspapers 


AND     MONOGRAPHS 


IV 


342 


CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 


and  periodicals;  in  1910  he  was   a  mem- 
,  ber  of  the  staff  of  El  Ferrocarril  and 
I  La   Mariana,   the  libera!  newspaper  of 
!  Santiago,    and    when    La    Nacion    was 
founded  in  1916   he  wrote  political  ar- 
ticles in  its  columns.  Among  his  publish- 
ed works  are:    Los  Partidos    Politicos; 
La  Liga  de  Accion  Civica;  El  Cnmen  del 
Boldo,  a  study  of  a  famous  and  atrocious 
murder  and   Neutralidad  de  Chile  ante 
la.Guerra  Euro  pea. 


HISPANIC    NOTES 


ZAPATA     LILLO 


343 


FRANCISCO   ZAPATA   LILLO 

Teacher;  vJriter. 

Francisco  Zapata  Lillo,  the  son 
of  Francisco  Zapata  y  Castro  and  Rosa 
Lillo,  was  born  on  the  twenty-fourth 
of  June,  1879,  in  Santiago,  but  had  his 
early  education  in  Talca  in  the  Lyceum, 
returning  later  to  the  capital  to  study 
in  the  Pedagogical  Institute.  There  in 
1901  he  won  the  titlie  of  State  Professor 
and  at  once  entered  on  the  practice 
of  the  profession.  In  1903  he  went  abroad 
for  further  study  and  spent  three  years, 
chiefly  in  Paris-where  he  was  a  student 
in  the  Sorbonne  and  taught  in  the  High 
School-and  in  Madrid  where  he  pur- 
sued courses  in  the  University  and  was 
assistant  to  Ramon  Menendez  y  Pidal 
in  the  course  in  Spanish  Philosophy 

On  his  return   to  Chile  he  resumed 


AND     MONOGRAPHS  IV 


344 


CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 


his  teaching  and  has  filled  the  posi- 
ftions  of  Teacher  in  the  National  Insti- 
tute, in  the  Military  Academy,  in  the 
Institute  of  Technical  Education,  and 
of  Professor  of  French  Philology  in  the 
Pedagogical  Institute. 

Sr.  Zapata  Lillo  has  received  various' 
honors  and  decorations:  he  was  ap- 
pointed delegate  to  the  Congress  for 
the  Propagation  of  the  French  Lan- 
guage held  in  Liege  in  1905,  and  is  an 
Academic  Officer  of  the  University 
of  Paris. 

He  has  written  much  in  periodicals 
and  magazines  and  is  the  author  also 
of  the  following  books:  El  Croquis  en  la 
ensenanza  del  idioma,  1907;  V Argot, 
1914;  De  mi  Tierra,  short  stories,  1916; 
Horas  Rosadas,  verses,  1919. 


IV 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


HUNNEEUS    GANA 


.U5 


JORGE    HUNNEEUS    GANA 

Jurisconsult;  public  man. 

Jorge  Hunneeus  Gana,  the  son  of 
the  noted  jurisconsult  Jorge  Hunneeus 
and  Domitila  Gana,  was  born  in  San- 
tiago on  the  tenth  of  April,  1866.  He 
received  his  elementary  instruction  in 
the  Ballacey  School  and  in  1874  entered 
the  Sacred  Heart  School  from  which  he 
graduated  in  188v3.  While  in  this  instit- 
ution he  founded  and  directed  the  Liter- 
ary Academy  of  the  school  and  won 
first  place  in  the  contests  held  under 
its  auspices  in  1882  and  1883.  Entering 
the  Law  School  of  the  University  of 
Chile  in  1884  with  the  degree  of  Bachelor 
of  Arts,  he  received  his  degree  of  Li- 
centiate in  Law  in  1888. 

While  still  a  student  he  entered  pub- 
lic life  as  Clerk  in  the  Ministry  of  the 


AND    MONOGRAPHS 


IV 


346 


CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 


IV 


I  Interior  and  was  soon  promoted  to  the 
I  post  of  Clerk  in  the  Ministry  of  Foreign 
I  Affairs.  In  1886  his  novel  Tarde  received 
I  the  award  in  the  literary  contest  held  by 
La    Union    of   Valparaiso.    In    1887    he 
joined  the  Club  del  Progreso  and  later 
was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  At^neo 
in  both  of  which  he  was  an  active  and 
loyal  member  and  presented  before  them 
frequent  lectures  of  a  literary  character. 
In  1888  he  brought  out  bis  Estudios  so- 
bre  Espana,  an  ambitious  work  in  two 
volumes.  Two  years  later  he  contributed  j 
a   study   of   Chilean   Literature   to   the  \ 
well-known  America  Liter  aria  compiled  i 
by  Francisco  Lagomaggiore  and  in  the  j 
sa.me  year  published  a  volume  of  short ; 
stories    titled    Plumadas.    During    this  j 
period  he  was  a  contributor  to  La  Re- 1 
vista   de  Artes   y   Letras,   La   Libertad 
Electoral,    La    Epoca,    and    especially 
Los  Debates  and  La  Tribuna  for  which 
he  wrote  a  series  of- critical  articles  on 
Becquer  y  su  influencia  and  La  Moral 
en  el  Arte. 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


HUNNEEUS    GANA 


347    I 


In  the  Revolution  of  1891  he  enrol-  j 
led  as  a  private  with  the  Tarapaca  Rif- 
lemen and  fought  on  the  side  of  the 
Constitutional  forces.  After  the  con- 
Hict  he  resumed  hi  contributions  to 
La  Revista,  La  Republica  and  La  Li- 
bertad    Electoral.  ' 

In    1894  he  was  appointed    secretary 
of  the  Central  Committee  of  the  Radi- 
cal   Partiy    and    editor-in-chief    of    its  I 
official  organ   La  Ley,  He  was  elected  i 
delegate  from  the  province  of  Valdivia  \ 
to    the    National    Convention    of    1896, 
became    a    candidate    for    Deputy    for  ^ 
Osorno  and  was  elected.  In   1909,  dur- j 
ing     the    administration    of    President 
Pedro  Montt,  he  was  called  to  assume 
the  portfolio  of  Justice  and  Public  Ins- 
truction and  in  1912  he  was  appointed 
Minister  to   the   Netherlands.   He  held  , 
this  position  until  1918  when  he  retired 
from  public  life.    He   is  the    author  of ! 
t  uadro  historico  de  la  prodiiccion   inte-  \ 
lectual  de  Chile,  1910,    an    introduction 
to  the  Biblioteca  de  Escritores  de  Chile. 


AND     MONOGRAPHS 


IV 


348 


CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 


TOMAS    GUEVARA 

I  Wriier:  ethnologist. 

\     ToMAS  Guevara,  the  son  of  Narciso 

!  de   Guevara   and   Manuela   Silva,   was  i 

i  born  on  the  tenth  of  December,   1860, 

I  in  Santiago  and  was  educated  there  in 

I  the  National  Institute.  In  1879,  on  the  | 

I  outbreak  of  the  War  of  the  Pacific,  he  i 

'  joined     the    expeditionary    force    then ; 

being   dispatched    to    Peru,   as   Second : 

Lieutenant  and  after    serving    through 

the  whole  campaign,  retired  at  its  close 

with  the  rank  of  Captain. 

In  1882  he  won  the  degree  of  Bach'elor  I 
of  Arts  and  Professor  of  Spanish  and  j 
in  1884  began  to  teach.  In  1886  he  held 
!  the  chair  of  French  in  the  Lyceum  of 
I  Curico,  where  he  was  soon  afterwards 
j  elected  to  the  Municipal  Council,  and 
I  in   addition    to   his   professorial   duties, . 


IV  HISPANIC     NOTES 


GUEVARA 


349 


I  fulfilled  from  time  to  time  those  of  Chief 
I  of  the  local  Fire  Brigade  and  of  trustee 
of  varioub  benevolent  institutions.  He 
took  part  also  in  the  literary  activities 
of  the  toy^n  as  contributor  and  editor 
to  several  (>f  the  more  important  per- 
iodicals. 

He    was    transferred    to     the     school 
of  Angol  in  1892  and  in  the  year  folllow- 
ing    was    nominated    Governor    of    the  | 
department  of  Mariludn;  on  his  retire- 
ment from   this  post  after  six  months 
strenuous  service,  he  was  the  recipient  I 
of  a  gold  medal  voted  him  by  the  Mun- 
icipality and   his  portrait  was  hung  in 
the  Council  Chamber.  In  1894  he  served  : 
as  Governor  pro  tern  of  Malleco. 
I      He  was  in    1899  made   professsor  of 
!  Spanish  in  the  Lyceum  of  Temuto  and 
!  in  1913  was  made  Rector  of  the  Lyceum 
Jose  Victorino  Lastarria. 

Senor  Guevara  is  a  member  of  man> 

learned   societies  at  home  and  abroad, 

among  them,  the  Academy  of  Interna- 

I  tional  History  of  Paris,  the  Geographical 


AND    MONOGRAPHS  IV 


350 

CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 

i 

Society  of  Rio  Janeiro,  the  Latin  Acad- 
emy of  Arts  and  Sciences  of  Paris  and 
the  Society  of  Americanists  of  Paris 
and  has  acted  as  delegate  to  various 
congresses,  including  those  of  the  Ameri- 
canists at  Buenos  Aires,  La  Paz  and 
Mexico  in  1910  and  of  the  same  society 
at  La  Paz  and  Washington  in  1914. 

He  has  written  much  for  the  press* 
and  has  published  books  not  only  in 
the  field  of  education  but  also  in  that 
of  ethnology,  the.  most  important  of 
which  are:  Historia  de  la  Provincia  de 
Curico;  Incorrecciones  del  Castellano  en 
Chile;  Sintaxis  historica;  Ensenanza  de 
los  Araucanos;  Historia  de  la  Civiliza- 
cion  de  la  Araucania,  3  vols.  Psicologia 
del  pueblo  araucano,  4;  Folk-lore  Arauca- 
no,  5 ;  Los  araucanas  en  la  Independen- 
cia,  6:  Ultimas  familias  y  costumhres 
araucanas,  7;  La  mentalidad  araucana, 
8 ;  La  etimologia  araucana  en  el  Poema  de 
Er cilia,  9;  and  Arqueologta,  10. 

IV 

HISPANIC     NOTES 

1 

HKVIA     RIQUELME 


351 


ANSELMO  HEVIA  RIQUELME 

Public  man;  diplomat. 

Anselmo  Hevia  Riquelme,  the  son 
of  Isidro  Hevia  and  Mercedes  Riquelme, 
was  born  on  the  fifteenth  of  May,  1856, 
in  Curic6  and  there  received  his  early 
education  in  the  Lyceum.  Later  he 
studied  in  the  National  Institute  at 
Santiago,  and  entering  the  Law  School 
of  the  University  of  Chile,  obtained  his 
degree  in  1877. 

For  some  years  he  devoted   himself 
to  the  practice  of  his  profession  and  was 
appointe^d  substitute-Judge  of  the  Court 
in  Curic6.  In  due  course  he  was  trans- 
ferred  to  Santiago,  where  he  held   the 
posts  of  substitute-Judge   of   the  Com- 1 
mercial     Court     and     substitute-Civil  i 
Judge.     During    the    years     1890    and  i 
1891  he  was  Commandant  of   the   Fire-  ] 


AND     MONOGRAPHS 


IV 


352 


chilp:ans   of  to-day 


men's  Organization  of  Santiago;  in 
in  1895  he  was  returned  to  the  Legis- 
lature as  Deputy  for  Traiguen,  and  in 
1901  was  elected  Deputy  for  Rere  and 
Puchacai. 

In  the  same  year  he  began  his  career 
as  Diplomat  when  he  was  appointed 
Minister  to  Brazil.  There  he  remained 
until  1907;  from  1909  to  1911  he  was 
Minister  to  Japan,  and  from  1911  to 
1914,  Minister  to  Mexico. 
i  In  1919  he  held  the  portfolio  of  the 
I  Interior. 

]      His   interest    in    education    has   been 
I  life-long:   he   was   elected    Director    of 
I  the    Society    of     Primary     Instruction 
j  in  1881,  held  that  place  for  many  years, 
I  and   for   the   last   nineteen     years     has 
;  been    its   Honorary   Director.    He   is    a 
member  of  the  Historical    and    Geogra- 
phical Institute  of  Brazil  and   has  been 
decorated  by    the    Emperor   of    Japan 
with  the  cross  of  the  Sacred  Treasure. 


IV 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


Dr.  Alejandro  del  Rio. 


I)i.  1.     R]'.  ^S3 


I 


ALijAMJKU  IJt.L  RiU 

Pkrsutan. 


Alejaxdro  del  Rfo,  the  son  of  Cas- 
tor del  Rio  anfJ  Matilde  Soto  Aguilar- 
was  born  on  the  third  of  May,   1867. 
in    Santiago   and    there   was   educated 
in   the  National    Institute  and  the  Uni-j 
versit\'  where  he  gained   his  degree  of ' 
Physician  and  Surgeon  in  1889. 

While  he  was  still  a  student  he  had 
^^egun  to  sene  on  the  staff- of  the  Med- 
ial School,  acting  as  assistant  in  Gen- 
eral Pathology  in  1887  and  in  1888  as 
assistant  in  Pathok^'cal  Anatomy.  In 
the  year  1887  he  also  made  a  \-isit  to 
Lima  as  Secretary  to  the  Chilean  Del- 
'-?:ate  to  the  American  Sanitar>'  Con- 
trrence  and  prepared  a  report  on  the 
Pem^'ian  Wart.  On  graduating  as  Li- 
centiate he  presented  a  paper  on  Abces- 


AND    MONOGRAPH-  IV 


354 


CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 


ses  of  the  Liver  which  was  awarded 
a  prize. 

In  1892  he  was  selected  to  go  abroad 
to  study  pubHc  hygiene:  he  remained 
in  Europe  four  years  and  spent  the 
greater  part  of  his  time  in  Germany 
where  he  studied  in  the  Institute  of 
Hygiene.  Meantime  he  also  fulfilled  the 
honorable  duty  of  representing  his 
country  at  international  congreSvSes  held 
in  -Rome  and   Buda  Pesth. 

During  his  absence  he  was  appointed 
^  Professor  of  Bacteriology  and  after  his 
return  received  other  appointments  in 
recognition  of  his  attainments:  Professor 
of  Hygiene  in  1897,  Head  of  the  In- 
stitute of  Hygiene  in  1897,  Professor  of 
Ear,    Nose   and    Throat,   in    1901. 

Dr.  del  Rio  has  given  a  great  part  of 
his  life  to  public  service  of  a  compara- 
tively inconspicuous  but  vital  type:  he 
has  served  on  nearly  all  the  govern- 
mental commissions  within  his  special 
field;  he  has  served  many  years  on  the 
various  boards  of  charity,  and  has  given 


IV 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


DEL     RIO 


unstinting  support  to  the  United  Char- 
ities  (Asistencia   Publica). 

For  twenty  years  he  lias  been  active 
in  his  efforts  to  improve  medical  educ- 
ation, to  better  public  health  and  dim- 
inish disease  and  poverty. 

In  the  long  list  of  the  public  posts 
he  has  held  are:  President  of  the  Med- 
ical Society  of  Santiago  for  two  terms; 
Member  of  the  Upper  Council  of  Hy- 
giene for  twelve  years;  President  of  the 
Anti-Tuberculosis  League;  Editor  of 
the  Revista  de  Higiene  Publica,  and 
of  the  Boletin  de  Higiene  y  Demografia 
de  Santiago. 

He  is  a  member  of  many  scientific 
and  learned  societies  at  home  and 
abroad. 


355 


AND     MONOGRAPHS  IV 


1     356 

CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 

i 

1 
i 

ENRIQUE  ZANARTU 

1 

Public  man.    . 

1 

Enrique  Zanartu  Prieto,   the  son 

of  Manuel  Aristides  Zanartu  and  Maria 

Rosa  Prieto,  was  born  in  the  year  1881 

! 

in    Santiago    and    there   was    educated 

in  the  National  Institute  and  the  Univ- 

ersity. 

In  1906  he  entered  public  life  as  Dep- 

uty   from    the    Province    of    O'Higgins 

and  was  again  elected  in   1909  to  repre- 

sent Rere.  In  this  year  also  he  purchas- 

ed the  daily  paper  La  Manana  and  in 

its  columns  conducted  a  notable  polit- ; 

ical   campaign. 

• 

He  has  held  high  office:  in  1911  and 

again  in  1913  he  was  appointed  a  mem- 

ber of   the   Cabinet,   and   in    1918  was 

IV 

elected  Senator. 

! 

HISPANIC    NOTES 

1 

t 


GONZALEZ     MENDEZ  357 


^ 


NICANOR  GONZALEZ  MENDEZ 

Painter. 

NiCANOR    Gonzalez    Mendez,    was 
born  in  1864  at  Talca  and  received  his 
education  in   the  National   Institute  in 
Santiago.  In  1879  he  entered  the  School  I 
of  Fine  Arts,  pursued  the  courses  with  : 
success,  and  in  1887  won  with  his  pic- 
ture   Los    primeros    surcos    the    highest  i 
award  in  the  Salon  of  Santiago  and  the  I 
Cieneral    Maturana    scholarship    which 
enabled  him  to  continue  his  studies  for! 
five  years  in  Europe. 

In  Paris  he  worked  Uyr  three  years 
in  the  Ecole  des  Beaux  Arts  and  in  the 
studios  of  J.  L.  Geronie  and  Fernand 
Cormon,  thence  proceeding  to  Italy 
to  study  the  great  works  of  the  Renais- 
sance. On  his  return  to  Chile  in  1894 
he    obtained    instant    recognition    and 


AND     MONOGRAPHS  IV 


358 


CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 


in  the  Annual  Salons  received  the  high- 
est honors.  From  1899  onwards,  in 
addition  to  his  own  private  work,  he 
has  devoted  himself  largely  to  teach- 
ing, both  in  his  own  studio  and  in  the 
schools  of  art  in  Santiago.  He  is  at 
present  teacher  in  the  night  classes  of 
I  the  Sociedad  de  Fomento  Fabril,  in  the 
Lyceum  N.°  4,  and  in  the  School  of 
Arts  and  Crafts. 

A  disastrous  fire  in  1916  destroyed 
his  studio  and  its  contents,  a  misfor- 
tune which  he  is,  thanks  to  his  increas-' 
ing  fame  as  a  landscape  and  animal 
painter,  gradually  retrieving. 

One  of  his  canvases  was  given  honor- 
able mention  at  the  World's  Fair  of 
Buffalo  in  1901. 


IV 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


SANTA    MARIA  359 


IGNACIO    SANTA     MARIA 

Jurist;  historian, 

Ignacio  Santa  Mari'a,  whose  father,  i 
Domingo  Santa  Maria,  was  president! 
of  the  Republic  frpm  1881  to  1886,  | 
was  born  on  the  twenty-fifth  of  Sep-! 
tember,  1859,  in  Santiago.  From  1869 1 
to  1875.  he  studied  at  the  National  In-  \ 
stitute  whence  he  proceeded  to  the  Uni- 1 
versity  and  pursued  the  law  courses  till  i 
in  1880  he  received  his  Licenciate's  J 
degree  from  the  Faculty  and  his  title 
of  Advocate  from  the  High.  Court.  In  ■ 
the  ^ame  year  he.  became  Sepretary,  to  ■ 
Sr.  Baltazar  Sanchez  in  the  province 
of  Tarapaca.  | 

In  1885  he  was  elected    to   Congress! 
as  Deputy  for  Valdivia  and  continued 
to     represent     the     same     Department  I 
until    the   outbreak    of    the    War   with  i 


AND     MONOGRAPHS  '      IV 


360 


C  H  I  L  E  A  N  S    O  F    TO-DAY 


IV 


;  Peru  in  1879  when  he  accompanied  his 
1  father,  in  the  quality  of  Secretary,  in 
\  his  journey  through  the  occupied  pro- 
I  vinces.  • 

Although  on  many  occasions  during 
the  Presidencies  of  Jorge  Montt,  Bal- 
maceda  and  Errdzuriz  he  was  pressed 
to  accept  ministerial  office,  he  remained 
aloof  and  applied  himself  to  the  deve- 
lopment of  his  country  property  and 
and  to  his  profession  in  which  he  has 
acquired  the  reputation  of  being  on6 
of  the  soundest  of  jurisconsults. 

Articles  from  his  pen  have  appeared 
in  many  of  the  reviews,  chiefly  on  jurid- 
ical and  historical  matters;  he  is  now 
engaged  in  writing  a  history  of  the  War 
of  the  Pacific,  largely  from  hitherto 
unpublished  documents  left  him  by 
his  father,  the  first  volume  of  which 
is  already  published. 


HISPANIC    NOTES 


GUARELLO    COSTA  361 


anc;f:l  guarello  costa 

Lawyer;  puHic  man. 

Angel  Guarello  Costa,  the  son 
of  Angel  Guarello  de  Ambrosio,  cap- 
tain in  the  mercantile  marine,  and  Vir- 
ginia Costa  Garcfa,  was  born  in  1866 
in  Valparaiso.  He  received  his  secondary 
education  in  the  College  of  the  Sacred 
Hearts  and  thence  passed  to  the  Uni- 
versity in  Santiago,  where  after  receiv- 
ing his  degree  as  Bachelor  of  Philosophy 
and  Letters  he  took  up  the  study  of 
the  Law.  At  the  conclusion  of  his  course, 
being  then  under  the  required  age  for 
admission  to  the  Bar,  he  acted  for  a 
short  time  as  Clerk  of  Court  in  Valpa- 
raiso until  in  1887  he  was  granted  his 
legal    diploma. 

In  Valparaiso,  where  he  continues 
to  exercise  his  profession,  he  has  built 


AND     MONOGRAPHS  IV 


362 


CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 


IV 


i  up  an  extensive  practice  and  has  won 
I  by  his  generosity  in  giving  his  services 
j  to  those  who  could  not  afford  to  pay 
I  for  them,  the  name  of  «the  poor  man's 
lawyer*. 

In  1894  he  was  nominated  by  the 
Democratic  party,  of  which  he  is  ex- 
President,  candidate  for  Deputy  from 
Valparaiso  and  Casablanca  and  was 
i  elected;  in  1897  and  again  in  1903 
he  was  re-elected;  in  1912  he  was  chosen 
Senator  for  the  Province;  in  1918  he 
served  as  Minister  of  Public  Instruction 
and  in  1918-19  he  was  Minister  of  In- 
dustry   and    Public   Works. 

Dr.  Guarello  is  a  member  or  an  of- 
ficer in  a  number  of  workingmen's  so- 
cieties throughout  the  country;  he  is 
assiduous  in  his  efforts  for  the  better- 
ment of  his  native  city  and  a  pdme 
mover  in  the  establishment  there  of  the 
Board  of  Charities, 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


LAVAL 


363 


RAMON    A.    LAVAL  | 

I 

Lihrnrinn:  author;  editor.      I 

Ramon  A.  Laval,  the  son  of  Ramon 
Eduardo  Laval,  a  French  engineer,  and 
Maria  Alvear,  was  born  in  San  Fer- 
nando in  March,  1864. 

He  learned  his  letters  in  his  native 
town  and  later  entered  the  well  known 
Dominican  school,  the  Recoleta,  in 
Santiago  \vhere,  along  with  other  sub- 
jects, he  gained  a  serviceable  knowledge 
of  Latin  and  French. 

In  1883  he  entered  the  public  ser- 
I  vice  as  a  clerk  in  the  office  of  the  General 
I  Post-Office  in  Santiago  where  in  the 
i  eight  years  that  followed  he  rose  by 
!  successive  promotions  to  the  post  of 
I  Secretary.  In  1892  he  was  transferred, 
at  the  request  of  the  head  of  the  Pub- 
lic Library,  to  that  service  and  became 


AND     MONOGRAPHS 


IV 


I     364 


CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 


Chief    of    Section,    later    sub-Director 
1  and  on  the  death  of  the  Librarian  Luis 
Montt  in  1909,  for  an  interval  head  of 
the  library.     ' 

In  addition  to  his  labors  as  librarian 
which    continue  until  the  present,    Sr. 
Laval   has  taken  an  active  interest  in 
i  education,  serving  as  instructor  in  the 
National    Institute,    the    High    School 
of  Commerce,  the  Institute  of  the  Hu- 
manities and   the  Santiago  Liceo.  The 
same  interest  in  education  has  led  him 
to   associate    himself   with    the    leading 
scientific  and   literary  organizations  of 
I  Chile:  he  has  served  as  director  of  the 
j  Scientific   Society,    of    the    Folk-Lore 
;  Society,  of  the  Chilean  Society  of  His- 
!  tory    and    Geography,    of    the    Society 
;  of  Government  Employees,  of  the  Press 
I  Association,    and    of  the  Philatelic  So- 
'  ciety. 

He  has  also  been  a  member  of  various 
!  learned    and    scientific   congresses,    in- 
cluding the  Pan-American  Congress  held 
\  in  Santiago  in   1908,  and  the  Congress 


rv 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


LAVAL  !     365 


of  Americanists  held  in  Buenos  Aires 
in  1910:  he  is  Correspondent  of  the 
Geographical  Society  of  Rio  Janeiro, 
member  of  the  Ibero-American  Society 
of  Madrid,  and  of  the  XVIII  Cong:ress 
of  Americanists. 

He  has  contrii)uted  occasional  ar- 
ticles to  the  press  and  has  edited  various 
publications,  including  the  Anales  de 
la  Sociedad  I'^ihitelica  de  Chile,  and  the 
Revista  Chilena  de  Historia  y  Geo- 
^rafia. 

As  a  writer,  Sr.  Laval  has  touched  a 
number  of  topics-bibliography,  history, 
biography,    postal    administration    and 
finally    Chilean     Folk-Lore,   in    which 
he  has  won  an  authoritative  place.  His 
work  in  this  field  includes:  Del  latin  en 
el  folk-lore  chileno;  Cttentos  chilenos  de 
nunca    acabar;    Oractones,     ensalmos     y  \ 
conjuros  del  pueblo  chileno  com  parados ; 
con  los  que  se  dicen  en  Espaha;  Cuentos  \ 
varios;  Un  inclinable  chileno;  and  Biblio- 1 
grafia  de  las  bibliografias  chilenas. 


AND     MONOGRAPHS  IV 


366    I      CHILEx\NS     OF     TO-DAY 


MAXIMILIANO  IBANEZ 

Lawyer;  public  official. 

Maximiliano    Ibanez,    the    son    of 

Ramon  Ibanez  and  Maria  Ibanez  Ron- 

dizoni,   was   born   at   Linares   in    1868. 

j  He  received  his  education  at    the    Na- 

j  tional  Institute  whence  he  proceeded  to 

the  University  and  studied  for  the  Bar 

to  which  he  was  admitted  in   1889.  In 

j  the  same  year  he  was  sent  by  his  Gov- 

I  ernment     to     Europe    to    observe    the 

I  methods  of  teaching  political  and  ad- 

I  ministrative  science  with  a  view  of  in- 

I  eluding   the   subject   in   the   University 

j  curriculum. 

I      While   he   was   attending   the   school 

■  of    Political    Sciences    in    Paris,    where 

j  he  was  very  successful  and  passed  his 

final  examinations  with  distinction,  he 

acted    as    Secretary    to   the  Delegation 


IV 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


IBANEZ 


367 


of  the  1891  revolutionary  government  i 
in  Europe,  and  published  articles  ex- ; 
planatory  of  its  aims  in  the  Revue  des  | 
Deux  Mondes  and  other  French  and  i 
Belgian  journals  of  note. 

On  his  return  to  Chile  in  1892  he  was  i 
elected  a  member  of  the  University  | 
Faculty  and  appointed  Professor  of ; 
Commercial  Law.  At  the  same  time  he] 
contributed  many  articles  on  political 
matters  to  La  Manana,  La  Nacion,  : 
and  also  edited  La  Libertad   Electoral. 

In  1894  he  entered  Congress  as  De- 
puty for  the  Department  of  Linares; 
this  district  he  continued  to  represent 
up  to  the  year  1906,  but  in  1909  and 
again  1916  he  was  elected  for  Santiago. 
He  held  office  as  Minister  of  Finance 
in  1904,  and  some  years  later  as  Min- 
ister of  Justice  and  Public  Instruction. 

In  1910,  by  prompt  and  skilful  meas- 
ures, he  averted  a  grave  constitutional 
crisis:  he  then  succeeded  in  forming  at 
short  notice  and  at  a  time  when  poli- 
tical feeling  ran    very  high,   a   Cabinet 


AND     MONOGRAPHS 


IV 


368 


CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 


to  *  accompany  Senor  Barros  Luco  on 
the  latter's  induction  into  the  Presid- 
ency. Under  similar  circumstances  in 
1916,  during  the  administration  of 
President  Sanfuentes,  he  organized  a 
I  coahtion  cabinet  which  proved  prac- 
ticable for  all  political  parties;  of  this 
Cabinet  he  was  Premier  from  January 
to  June. 

In  1917  he  was  appointed  Chilean 
Minister  to  France  which  high  position 
he  still   holds. 


IV     i  HISPANIC     NOTES 


GREZ     PADILLA  369 


IZDIARDO  GREZ    PADILLA 

Jurisconsult . 

Eduardo    Grez    Padilla,    the    son 
of  Lucas  Grez  y  Baeza  and  Teresa  Pa- 
dilla y  F^ncina,  was  born  on  the  twelfth  | 
of  August,  1875,  in  the  Province  of  Tal- ; 
ca.  He  was  educated  in  Linares,  Con- 
cepcion.    Talca,    and    Santiago     where  I 
he  entered  the  University  after  graduat- ; 
ing  as  Bachelor  of  Philosophy  in    1892 
and   studied   for   the   Bar   to  which   he 
was  admitted  in  1898. 

In  1890  and  1891  he  held  the  appoint- 
ments of  Inspector  and  Librarian  to 
the  Lyceum  of  Talca,  and  in  1892  those 
of  Professor  of  Spanish  at  the  Lyceum 
of  Linares  and  Secretary  to  the  Muni- 
cipality. 

To  these  and   his  professional  activ- ; 
ities  he  added  those  of  a  journalist;  in 


AND     MONOGRAPHS        j      IV 


370 


CHILEANS    OF     TO-DAY 


1894  and  in  1899  he  contributed  many 

articles  to  La  Ley  and   from    1904  to 

1908  was  on  the  staff  of  El  Mercurio. 

As  an  advocate  he  gradually  won  a 

I  high    reputation    which    was    increased 

I  by   his   skilful   conduct   of  the  defense 

I  in  the  cause  celehre,  known  in  Chilean 

I  legal  annals  as  «E1  Crimen  del  Boldo»; 

notwithstanding     that    the    verdict   he 

obtained  for  his  cHent  was  reversed  on 

I  appeal.  This  case  was  before  the  Court 

ifrom  1915  to  1917. 

Besides  his  journalistic  work  and  his 
^  publications  on   legal   matters,    he   has 
I  devoted   some  attention   to  lighter  lit- 
I  erature,  and  is  the  author  of  the  fol- 
lowing books  of  verse:  Mis  Dioses,  1896; 
Tu  Boudoir,  1915:  and  Hdcia  la  Cumbre, 
1915. 


IV 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


GUERRA 


371 


lOSK  GUILLERMO  GUERRA 


Lawyer;  teacher;  author. 

Josfe  GuiLLERMO  GuERRA,  the  son 
of  Jose  Guerra  Matte  and  Mercedes 
Vallejos,  was  born  at  Copiapo  in  1871. 
He  studied  in  the  San  Ignacio  School, 
the  National  Institute  and  the  Univer- 
sity where  in  1897  he  was  granted  his 
degree  of  Licentiate  in  Law  and  Polit- 
ical Science;  in  the  same  year  he  was 
admitted  to  the  Bar. 

He  began  his  pubHc  career  as  a  report- 
er in  the  Chamber  of  Deputies,  for 
which  assembly  he  subsequently  offi- 
ciated as  Clerk  of  Sessions  and  Secretary 
of  Committees,  posts  which  he  held 
until  1918  when  he  retired  on  a  pension. 
In  the  University  he  holds  the  profes- 
sorship of  International  Law  and  Phi- 
losophy of  Law,  subjects  which  at  one 


AND     MONOGRAPHS 


IV 


372 


CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 


IV 


time  he  taught  also  in  the  Officers' 
Training  College. 

When,  soon  after  the  death  of  the 
eminent  Argentine  Sarmiento,  a  com- 
petition was  instituted  by  the  Commit- 
tee of  Public  Instruction  for  the  best 
biography  of  him,  Sr.  Guerra  was 
successful  in  carrying  off  the  first  prize 
and  his  book  Sarmiento,  su  vida  y  sus 
obras,  was  produced  in  1901  at  the  ex- 
pense of  the  Chilean  Government,  as 
a  token  of  respect  for  the  deceased 
statesman. 

In  1918,  also  at  the  expense  of  his 
government,  by  whom  it  had  been  com- 
missioned, appeared  the  work  La  Sobe- 
rania  Chilena  en  las  Islas  al  sur  del  Ca- 
nal de  Beadle,  a  very  complete  state- 
ment to  justify  Chile's  occupation  of  the 
islan(Js  South  of  the  Beagle  Channel 
which  ware  claimed  by  Argentina  as 
being  in  her  territory. 

Sefior  Guerra  has  by  his  writings  been 
active  in  promoting  closer  relations 
between  Spain  and  Spanish  America. 


HISPANIC    NOTES 


OIJESADA    ACHARAN 


ARMANDO  QUESADA    ACHARAN 

Lawyer;  public  man. 


37.^ 


Armando  Quesada  Acharan,  the  j 
son  of  Jose  del  Carmen  Quesada  and  j 
Mercedes  Acharan,  was  born  in  Los 
Angeles  in  1873.  After  finishing  his  ^ 
secondary  education  he  entered  the  Law  1 
School  of  the  University  of  Chile  and  : 
received    his    degree  in  1893. 

After    his  graduation    he    was  for  a 
time  editor  of  the  proceedings  of  the  j 
Chamber  of  Deputies  and  in  1901  was  | 
elected  Professor  of  Political  Economy  | 
in  the  University  of  Chile,  having  tem- 1 
porarily  held  this  position  in  1897.  He  I 
joined    the    Radical    Party,    was   made 
a    member    of    the    commission    which 
edited    the   resolutions   of   the   Radical 
Convention    and    was    elected    to    the 
post   of   vice-President  of   the  Radical 


AND     MONOGRAPHS 


IV 


374 


CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 


Committee  of  Santiago.  In  1909  he  was 

elected  Deputy  for  Santiago,  re-elected 

in  1912  and  again  in  1915.  In  January, 

1916,  he  was  appointed  Minister  of  the 

Treasury  and  held   this  position   until 

the  last  of  June  when  the  entire  cabinet 

headed  by  Maximiliano  Ibanez  resigned. 

In  1917  he  was  again  appointed  to  the 

Cabinet,   in    1918  was  elected  Senator 

for   Santiago  and   at   the  end   of  that 

year  was  for  a  third  time  Cabinet  mem- 

I  ber,  with  the  portfolio  of  the  Interior. 

i      Senor  Quesada  has  taken  a  promin- 

!  ent  part  in  the  parliamentary  debates 

:  on  economic  subjects  and  has  published 

i  numerous  editorials  in  El  Sur  of    Con- 

I  cepci6n    on    public   administration.    He 

;  is  a   member  of   the   Faculty   of   Laws 

i  and  Political  Sciences  of  the  University 

I  of  Chile  and  is  one  of  the  leaders  of  the 

I  Radical  Party. 


IV 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


Samuel  A.   Lillo 


LILLO 


375 


SAMUEL  A.  LILLO 


Teacher;  poet. 


Samuel  A.  Lillo  Figueroa  was 
born  in  Lota  in*  1870.  He  gained  his 
preparation  for  the  State  examinations 
in  the  Lyceum  of  Concepci6n  and  re- 
ceived his  Bachelor's  degree  in  1889. 
He  then  entered  the  Law  School,  arid 
obtained  the  degree  of  Licentiate  in 
Law.  In  1904  the  Council  of  Public  In- 
struction granted  him  the  title  of  Pro- 
fessor of  Spanish. 

Since  1894  he  has  been   prominent  in 
educational  work  and  among  other  posi^ 
tions  has  held  that  of  Professor  of  Span-  i 
ish,  Literature  and  Logic  in  the  Nation- ; 
al    Institute  and    the   MiHtary   School,  i 
Professor  of  Mining   Law   in   the   Law  : 
School    of     the    University    and    vice- 
Rector  of  the  University.  He  was  elected 
permanent    Secretary  of  the  Santiago , 


AND     MONOGRAPHS 


IV 


376    ;     CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 


Ateneo  in  1899  and  to  his  untiring  zeal 
it  owes  much  of  its  progress.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  Superior  Council  of 
Letters  and  Fine  Arts  of  Chile. 

Senor  Lillo  is  one  of  the  foremost  poets 
of  Chile  and  as  such  has  received  high 
honors,  among  others  the  Medal  of 
Public  Instruction  from  Venezuela.  As 
poet  laureate  in  many  of  the  Floral 
contests  of  Chile  and  in  several  of  those 
held  in  the  Argentine  Republic,  he 
holds  a  special  place  in  Chilean  literary 
circles.    His   poems   deal   with    historic 

I  and  Indian  themes  as  well  as  with  the 
varied  natural  scenery  of  his  country. 

I  He  is  the  author  of  the  following  works: 
Poesias,  1900;  Antes  y  Hoy,  1905;  Can- 
ciones  de  Arauco,  (four  editions),  1907-' 
8;  Chile  Heroico,  1911;  La  Concepci6n,\ 
1911;  La  Escolta  de  la  Bandera,  1912;  I 
Canto  a  la  America  Latina,  1913;  Canto  \ 
a  Vasco  Nunez  de  Balboa,  1914;  Canto  \ 
Lirico  a  la  Lengua  Castellana,  1916;  j 
A  Isabel  La  Catolica,  1916;  and  Litera-\ 

\tura  Cldlena,   1918. 


IV     I  HISPANIC     NOTES 


I^"  H  L  1  I 


.^7 


DANIEL    FELIU 

Lawyer;  publi'  man. 

Danifx  Feliu,  the  son  of  Fabian 
Feliu,  was  born  in  Valparaiso  in  1844 
and  in  1864  removed  to  Santiago  to 
study  in  the  National  Institute  and 
the  University,  where  in  1870  he  won 
the  degree  of  Licentiate  in  Law,  upon 
presenting  his  thesis  on  The  Compe- 
tency of  the  Courts. 

Returning  to  Valparaiso  in  1875  he 
became  editor  of  El  Deber,  a  radical 
paper  in  whose  pages  he  waged  vigorous 
political  campaigns.  Equally  earnest 
were  the  efforts  he  made  in  the  cause 
of  progress  and  public  education;  he 
wrote  innumerable  pamphlets  of  liber- 
al propaganda,  among  which  are  espe- 
cially noteworthy  that  on  the  Life  of 
Stephen   Girard   and   that  on   Premon- 


AN  D    MONOGRAPHS 


IV 


378 


CHILEANS     OF     T  0-D  A  Y 


itions  and  Superstitions;  he  gave  also 
many  public  lectures  in  the  same  cause, 
particularly  a  course  in  1876  in  the 
Bias  Cueyas  School  intended  to  dis- 
cipline the  popular  mind  and  inspire  | 
it  with  a  disposition  favorable  to  cul- ; 
ture. 

•  From  1884  to  1889  he  lived  in  Iqui-  | 
que,  and  practised  with  marked  success  | 
his  profession  as  a  lawyer.  There  also  \ 
he  was  elected   to  membership   in   the 
Ateneo. 

In  the  first  year  of  his  residence  in 
Iquique  he  began  his  political  career 
as  Member  of  the  Chamber  of  Deputies 
and  continued  uninterruptedly  a  mem- 
ber of  that  body  until  1915  when  he 
was  elected  Senator  for  Concepcion 
1  and  re-elected  in  1918.  In  this  year  he  i 
was  also  chosen  vice-President  of  the ! 
Chamber  and  in  1919,  President.  Dur- 
ing the  year  1918  he  held  in  addition 
the  further  important  post  of  Minister 
of  Foreign  Affairs. 


IV  ' 


HISPAN  IC     NOTES 


HURTADO     BORNE 


379 


RENE   HURTADO   BORNE 

Playwright. 

Rene  Hi  rtado  Borne  was  born  in 
Santiago  on  the  tenth  of  October,  1887, 
and  received  his  education  at  the  Insti- 
tuto  Stid-Americano,  proceeding   thence 
to  the  University  where  he  studied  ar- 
chitecture   and    obtained    his    diploma 
in   1905.  He  did  not  practise  the  pro- 
fession, but  turned  his  attention  instead 
to  journalism  and  writing  for  the  thea- 
tre.  In  the  former  field  he  has  contrib- 
uted to    most    of    the  leading  journals 
of  the  day  and  now  directs  the  thea- 1 
trical    review    Mundo   Teatral ;    in    the  l 
latter  he  has  already  produced  an  ex- 1 
tensive    list    of    comedies    and    dramas  | 
which  have  been  successfully  presented  I 
in  the  principal  theatres  of  Chile.  I 

Since  1915  he  has  been  Manager  of  I 


AND     MONOGRAPHS 


IV 


380 


CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 


the  Chilean  Playwrights'  Society  and 
acts  also  as  agent  for  the  representa- 
tion of  the  works  of  Jacinto  Benavente 
as  well  as  for  the  Society  of  Spanish 
Authors. 

His  principal  works  are:  A  traves  de 
I  los  Besos  y  las  Almas,  1911 ;  La  Jornada 
\de  la  Dicha,  novel,  1912;  Primer os  Pa- 
\sos,    1912;   El   A  sedio ,    1915;    Caricias,  \ 
1916;  La  Olra,   comedy,    1911;  Damasl 
de  Noche,  1916;    Medio  Pelo,  1917;  El\ 
Culpable  de  Siempre,   1918;  El  Fantas- \ 
ma,    1919;   El   Matrimonio  de   Susana,  I 
1920.  ' 


IV 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


GATICA    MARTINEZ 


581 


TOMAS  GATICA   MARTINEZ 

A  uthor. 

ToMAs  Gatica  Martinez,  the  son 
of  Cirilo  Gatica  Morla  and  Leonor  Mar- 
tinez Campo,  was  born  at  Chilian  on 
the  eighteenth  of  September,  1883.  He 
was  educated  at  the  Seminary  of  his 
native  town,  received  his  Bachelor's 
degree  from  the  University  at  Santiago 
and  for  the  space  of  a  year  essayed  the 
study  of  the  law,  but  abandoned  it  on 
entering  the  Inland  Revenue  office 
where  he  still  holds  a  post. 

Apart  from  his  official  duties  he  has  j 
applied  himself  to  journalism  and  to 
literature.  In  the  former  field  he  has 
contributed  to  or  edited  some  of  the 
leading  journals,  including  El  Diario 
Ilustrado  and  Zig-Zag;  in  the  latter 
he  has  won  a  reputation  with  his  novels 


AND     MONOGRAPHS 


JV 


382 

CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 

1 

1 
i 

El  Gran  Mundo  and  La  Cachetona,  both 
of  which  depict  society  life  in  the  Chil- 
ean capital.  Besides  these  works  he  has 
published:   Elementos   de    Metrica    Cas- 
tellana,    1911;   Francia,   a   poem,    1914; 
Una  mujer,  a  comedy,    1919;  and  has 
in  preparation  a  Historia  General  de  la 
Literatura,  as  well  as  two  new  novels. 

■■ 
!      IV               HISPANIC     NOTES 

D  U  C  U  I  N  C.  SS3 


ARCADIO  DUCOINC 

Educator;  public  official. 

Arcadio  Ducoing  Rodriguez,  the 
son  of  Arcadio  Ducoing  and  Juana  Ro- 
driguez, was  born  in  the  Province  of 
Atacama  on  the  eighth  of  August,  1875. 
He  received  his  education  at  the  Ger- 
man school  of  Vina  del  Mar,  at  the  San 
Rafael  Seminary  in  Valparaiso,  at  the 
National  Institute  of  Santiago,  and  the 
University.  He  won  his  diploma  as 
Professor  of  Spanish,  and  in  1917  was 
admitted  to  the  Bar. 

In  a  competitive  examination  held 
in  1894  he  obtained  the  post  of  report- i 
er  to  the  Chamber  of  Deputies.  In  ] 
1898  he  was  appointed  Professor  of  i 
Spanish  and  of  Philosophy  at  the  In-  i 
titute    of    Pedagogics  and    afterwards 


AND     MONOGRAPHS  IV 


384 


CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 


to   a   similar   position   at   the   National 
Institute. 

In  1908  the  government  commis- 
sioned him  to  study  in  Europe  where 
for  two  years  he  attended  courses  at 
the  College  de  France,  the  Sorbonne, 
and  the  University  of  Madrid. 

On  his  return  he  was  made  Clerk  of 
the  Sessions  of  the  Chamber    of    De- 
puties.   Dr.    Ducoing  is  a   frequent   lec- 
i  turer  on   educational   methods  and   on 
;  these    topics   has   written    both    in    the 
i  daily  press  and  in  the  University  Ma- 
\  gazine.    He    was    appointed    Secretar^^ 
of  the  Faculty  of  Philosophy  and  Arts 
in  1913,  and  since  1919  has  been    sub- 
stitute-Director of  the  Pedagogical  Ins- 
titute. 


IV 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


PHTT.TPPT  385 


JULtG  PHILIPPI 

Lawyer;  teacher. 

Julio  Philippi,  the  son  of  Federico 
Philippi  and  Paulina  Philippi,  was  born 
on  the  first  of  November,  1878,  at  San- 
tiago. He  was  educated  at  the  English 
Institute,  at  the  National  Institute, 
and  in  Europe  where  he  spent  a  year 
studying  law  in  Ciermany  and  political 
economy  in  England.  On  his  return 
he  entered  the  Pedagogical  Institute 
and  also  followed  up  the  courses  of  law 
at  the  Univerisity  until  he  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  Bar.  He  then  for  a  period 
held  the  appointments  of  Professor  of 
Spanish  in  the  National  Institute  and 
of  Finance  at  the  University. 

In  1906  he  was  named  Secretary 
of  the  Chilean  delegation  to  the  Amer- 
ican   Congress  held  at    Rfo  de  Janeiro: 


AND     MONOGRAPHS  IV 


386 


CHILEANS     OF    TO-DA\ 


IV 


in  1910  he  was  a  member  of  the  delega- 
tion to  the  Pan-American  Congress  held 
in  Buenos  Aires,  and  in  the  same  year 
was  chairman  of  the  delegation  to  the 
Scientific  Congress  in  Washington. 

He  was  called  to  the  Ministry  of  Fi- 
nance in  1916  and  again  in  1919,  but 
resigned  office  in  1920.  Dr.  Philippi 
is  a  frequent  contributor  on  questions 
of  law  and  political  economy  to  La  Re- 
vista  de  Chile  and  to  La  Revista  de  Go- 
bierno   Local. 


HISPANIC    NOTES 


ORTIZ 


387 


MANUEL  J.  ORTIZ 

Teacher;  writer. 

Manuel  J.  Ortiz,  the  son  of  Manuel 
Ortiz  and  Mercedes  Espinosa,  was 
born  at  San  Carlos  on  the  twenty- 
sixth  of  August,  1870,  and  was  educated 
in  his  native  town  and  at  the  Teachers' 
Training  College  in  Santiago  from  which 
in  1887  he  received  his  title  of  govern- 
ment teacher.  His  first  appointment 
was  to  the  Chilian  Normal  School  of 
which  he  was  soon  made  sub-Direc- 
tor; thereafter  he  became  Professor  in 
the  Lyceum  of  the  same  town,  sub- 
Director  of  the  Normal  School  in  San- 
tiago and  Government  Inspector. 

While  he  was  in  Chilian  he  served 
also  as  editor  of  the  local  newspaper 
La  Discusi6n,  and  on  his  transference 
to  Santiago  joined  the  staff  of  Las  Ul- 


AND     MONOGRAPHS 


IV 


388 

CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 

timas   Noticias   in   which    paper   he   is 
responsible    for    the     popular    column 
written  over  the  pseudonym  Bergerac. 
In   1906  he  published  Pueblo   Chico, 
a    novel    depicting    the    narrow    social 
life  of  a  small  country  town;  this  was 
followed   by   others   in   a   similar   style 
among  which  the  best  known  is  Cartas 
de  la  Aldea.  In  1914  appeared  El  Maes- 
tro which   recounts   the  experiences  of 
a  rural  schoolmaster  and  in  1916,   Ca- 
ricaturas,   a   collection   of  articles   des- 1 
criptive  of  local  customs. 

■ 

i 

■  1 

j 

■ 

IV 

HISPANIC     NOTES 

NAVARRO    VALENZUELA 


389 


FRANCISCO   NAVARRO 
VALENZUELA 


Surgeon. 


Francisco    Navarro    Valenzuela, 
;  the  son  of  Pascual  Navarro  and  Mar- 
garita Valenzuela,  was  born  at  Rauco 
I  on    the   tenth   of   December,    187L    He 
j  received  his  education  at  the  schools  of 
I  Tutuquen,    at    the  Lyceum  of  Curico, 
at  the  National  Institute  and  the  Uni- 
versity which  he  entered   in    1889  with 
the  degree  of   Bachelor  of   Philosophy 
and   Letters,   to  take  up  the  study  of 
medicine.  In  1894  he  was  on  the  in-door 
staff  of  the   Hospital   of,  San  Vicente, 
and   in   1896,     the    year  when   he  was 
granted  his  degree  as  a  Doctor,  he  was 
assistant  in  the  surgical  wards.  Promot- 
ed to  be  principal  assistant  in  1898,  he 
was  again  elected  to  the  same  post  in 


AND     MONOGRAPHS 


IV 


390 


CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 


i  1900    and    in     the    following  year  was 
^1  appointed   chief  surgeon.   A   few   years 
afterwards  he  was  sent  by  his  govern- 
ment to  pursue    his  studies  in  Europe  | 
and  on  his  return  in  1910,  after  a  two 
j  years'  stay,  was  made  Chief  of  the  Sur- 
i  gical  Clinic  and  of  the  Nurses'  Train- 
I  ing     School,   which   latter  post   he   re- 
j  signed  on  his  appointment  as  Professor 
j  of  Pathological    Surgery  in  the  Faculty 
I  of  Medicine. 

In  the  year  1915  he  was  again  sent 
j  abroad  by  his  government  and  spent 
a  year  in  the  United  States  studying 
the  latest  surgical  methods;  for  two 
years  thereafter  he  acted  as  Secretary 
to  the  Medical  Association  of  Santiago, 
and  at  present  he  is  Professor  in  the 
School  of  Medicine  6f  the  University. 


IV 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


GARCIA    GUERRERO 


391 


ALBERTO  GARCIA    GUERRERO 

Musician. 

Alberto  Garcia  Guerrero,  the  son 
of  Daniel  Garcia  and  Nicolasa  Guerre- 
ro, was  born  at  La  Seiena  on  the  sixth 
of  February,  1886.  He  received  his 
education  at  the  Bairos  Arana  Academy 
and  afterwards  took  up  the  study 
of  dentistry,  but  abandoned  this  to 
devote  himself  to  music.  He  pursued 
his  musical  education  apart  from  the 
usual  routine  of  the  schools  and  largely 
by  methods  planned  by  himself  which, 
together  with  assiduous  study  of  the 
virtuosi  of  the  piano,  at  length  enabled 
him  to  form  a  notable  style  that  places 
him  in  the  ranks  of  the  most  accom- 
plished pianists. 

His  abilities  as  an  interpreter  of  the 
classics  have  been  praised  not  only  in 


AND     MONOGRAPHS 


IV 


392 

1 
CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 

! 
1 

■ 
! 

i 

Chile  but  also  in  the  United  States 
where  he  has  appeared  at  the  Aeolian 
Hall  and  the  Beethoven  Club  in  New 
York,  and .  also  in  Philadelphia,  New 
Orleans  and  the  principal  cities  of  the 
Pacific  coast. 

In  1918  he  was  invited  by  the  broth- 
ers Jon  and  Boris  Hambourg  to  a  post 
at  the  Conservatory  of  Toronto  where 
he  has  distinguished  himself  both  as  a 
professor  of  the  piano  and  as  a  concer- 
tist. 

He  is  the  author  of  several  compos- 
itions for  the  piano  and  the  violoncello 
which  have  been  .  appreciated  for  their 
force  and  oiiginality. 

IV 

1 

HISPANIC    NOTES 

ZEGERS  i     393 


VICENTE    ZEGERS 

Rear  Admiral. 

Vicente  Zi:(;ers  was  born  on  the 
twenty -second  of  September,  1860.  His 
elementary  education  completed,  he 
entered  the  Naval  School  as  a  cadet  in 
1875  and  in  the  following  year  was  ap- 
pointed to  the  rank  of  midshipman 
from  which  he  has  risen  step  by  step 
till  in  1908  he  had  attained  that  of 
Rear-Admiral.  He  served  throughout 
the  two  campaigns  against  Peru:  in  the 
first  he  shared  in  the  engagement  of 
Chipana  on  the  twelfth  of  April,  1879, 
in  that  of  Iquique  on  the  twenty-first 
of  May,  when  he  was  made  prisoner 
on  the  sinking  of  his  ship  the  corvette 
«Esmeralda'%  and  on  his  exchange  and 
transfer  to  tjie  '<Pilcomayos  was  pre- 
sent   at  the  bombardment  of  Mollendo, 


AND     MONOGRAPHS         I      IV 


394 


CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 


IV 


Chancay,  and  Callao;  he  took  part 
also  in  the  blockade  of  Iquique,  Mo- 
llendo,  Cerro  Azul  and  Callao;  in  the 
second  campaign  he  served  under  Ge- 
neral Arriagada  against  the  forces  of 
Iglesias  and  Caceres. 

Besides  the  usual  distinctions  awarded 
for  conspicuous  service  during  the  war, 
he  is  the  recipient  of   the   special  com-  \ 
memorative   medal    bestowed    by   Con- 1 
gress  on   the  survivors  of  the  engage-  j 
ment  at  Iquique. 

In  December,   1908;  he  retired  from 
the  active  list. 


HISPANIC    NOTES 


PINTO     CONCHA 


395 


ARIS TIDES  PINTO  CONCHA 

Soldier. 

Aristides  Pinto  Concha  was  lx)rn 
at  Talca  on  the  seventh  of  February, 
1859,  and  was  educated  at  the  school 
of  the  French  Fathers.  On  the  out- 
break of  the  War  of  the  Pacifir  in  1879 
he  abandoned  his  studies  to  join  the 
forces.  He  was  commissioned  as  Second 
Lieutenant,  from  which  rank  he  was 
soon  advanced,  foi  gallant  conduct  on 
the  field,  to  that  of  Lieutenant  and 
subsequently  to  that  of  Captain. 

At  the  close  of  the  campaign  he  was 
made  Commisioner  on  the  topographic 
survey  of  the  provinces  of  Santiago, 
Aconcagua  and  Valpai  aiso,  and  devoted 
some  time  to  agricultural  pursuits.  But 
in  the  revolutionary  year  of  1891  he 
again  volunteered  for  the  army  and  in 


AND    MONOGRAPHS 


IV 


CHILEANS    OV    TO-DAY 


the  Constitutional    forces    rose    to    the 
rank  of  Lieutenant  Colonel. 

In   1892  he  was  appointed  Professor 
of  International  Law  in  the  School  of 
War;   he  was  Military  Attache   to   the  j 
Legations  of   Italy     and     Germany   in  | 
1895;   from    1906   until      1913   he   held' 
the  post  of  Chief  of  the  General  Staff, 
and  for  the  yeai   1910  that  of  Chief  of 
the  War  Department. 

In  1910  he  also  visited  Buenos  Aires, 
ss  military  member  of  the  committee  | 
for  the  Argentine  Centenary  Celebra- i 
tion.  For  the  year  1913  he  served  as. 
Inspector  of  the  Aviation  Service,  and  I 
in  1918  was  attached  to  the  Legation  i 
in  Japan.  He  has  held  the  rank  of  Ge- 
neral of  Division   since   the  year  1913. 

Besides     the     military     medals     and : 
star   for   long   service   granted    by    the ' 
Chilean  Government,  he  is   the  holder 
of  distinctions  from  Argentina,  Germany, 
Prussia,  Austria,  Italy  and   France. 


IV 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


I 


LIRA 


397 


ALEJANDRO  LIRA 

Lawyer. 

Alejandro  Lira  was  born  in  1873 
in  Santiago  where  he  received  his  edu- 
cation, studied  Law  in  the  University 
and  in  due  course,  after  passing  his 
examinations  with  marked  distinction, 
was  called  to  the  Bar. 

He  began  to  practise  in  1897  and 
soon  achieved  a  considerable  reputa- 
tion that  was  increased  by  his  able  de- 
fence of  the  multiirillionaire  Jorge 
Chace  when  the  latter's  mental  condi- 
tion was  in  debate.  He  has  devoted 
special  attention  to  mining  questions, 
on  which  he  is  a  recognized  expert,  and 
has  held  the  position  of  Professor  of 
Mining  and  Civil  Law  at  the  University. 

On  his  entrance  into  political  life 
in  1907  he  brought  forward    many  re- 


AND     MONOGRAPHS 


IV 


398 


CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 


forms  in  the  Mining  Code  for  the  con- 
sideration of  Congress,  and  on  these  he 
has  still  further  insisted  in  his  writings. 
In  1907  he  held  office  as  Minister  of 
War.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Execu- 
tive Committee  of  the  Conservative 
Party  and  in  the  Chamber  of  Deputies 
represents   the   electorate   of   Lontue. 


IV 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


SANTA    MARIA 


399 


JULIO  A.  SANTA  MARIA 

Engineer. 

Julio  A.  Santa  Maria,  the  son  of 
Domingo  Victor  Santa  Maria,  Pro- 
fessor of  Railway  Engineering  in  the 
University  of  Chile,  was  born  in  San- 
tiago in  1884  and  was  educated  at  the 
National  Institute  ^ind  the  University 
where  he  qualified  as  an  Engineer  in 
1904.  Thereafter,  with  a  view  of  per- 
fecting his  knowledge  of  hydraulic  eng- 
ineering, he  spent  some  years  in  Europe 
and  for  a  time  attended  courses  at  South 
Kensington,  London. 

On  his  return  he  'was  appointed  Pro- 
fessor of  Hydrualic  Engineering  in  the 
University  and  Chief  of  the  Locomot- 
ive Depaitment  of  the  State  Railways, 
both  of  which  posts  he  still  holds. 


AND    MONOGRAPHS  IV 


400 

CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 

1 

RICARDO    SALAS    EDWARDS 

Agriculturalist;  public  man. 

RiCARDO  Salas  Edwards,  the  son 
of  Rafael  Salas  aiid  Ventura  Edwards, 
was  born  at  Santiago  in  1870,  received 
his  education  at  the  San  Ignacio  School 
and  afterwards  studied  Law  in  the  Uni- 
versity until  he  was  admitted  to  the  Bar 
in  1890.  After  the  Revolution  of  1891 
he  was  appointed  sub-Secretary  in  the 
Ministry  of  the  Interior  but  was 
transferred  in  1892  to  the  diplomatic 
service  and  for  a  time  was  Secretary  to 
the  Legations  in  Paris  and  in  London. 

On  his  return  to  Chile  he  devoted 
his  attention  to  journalism  and  founded 
independently  the  now  well  known 
newspaper    El    Diario    Ilustrado. 

During  the  presidency  of  German 
Riesco   he   held    the   post  of   Inspector 

IV 

HISPANIC     NOTES 

SALAS     EDWARDS 


401 


of  Chilean  Consulates  in    Europe,   and 
introduced  measures  for  the    re-organ- 
ization   of   the     Consular     Service.    In 
1906  he  was  called  to  the  Ministry  of 
Foreign  Affairs,  and  to  that  of  Finance  | 
in    1913,  being  instrumental  during  his! 
year's    tenure    of    the    latter  office   in  | 
effecting  many  useful  financial  reforms. 
Sr.  Salas  is  also  a  well   known  agri- 
culturalist and  owner  of  the  old-estab- 
lished  Zavala  vineyards   in    the   fertile 
valley  of  the  River  Maipo.  In  1914  he 
published    a  work   of  political   interest 
entitled    Balmaceda    y    el    Parlamenta- 
rismo    which    was    favorably    received. 


AND     MONOGRAPHS 


IV 


402    t     CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 


IV 


JORGE  MONTT 

Rear  Admiral;  ex-President  of 
the  Republic. 

Jorge  Montt  was  born  in  Casa- 
blanca in  1845  and  entered  the  naval 
school  as  a  cadet  in  1858.  In  1861  he 
was  appointed  to  midshipman's  rank 
and  saw  his  first  active  service  in  1863 
at  the  engagements  of  Papudo  and 
Abdao  against  the  Spanish  squadron. 
He  served  through  the  first  campaign 
of  the  war  with  Peru:  he  was  present 
at  the  blockade  of  Angamos,  the  taking 
of  Pisagua  and  the  blockade  of  Arica 
in  1879,  and  in  the  following  year  took 
part  in  the  bombardment  of  Callao, 
Ancon  and  Mollendo.  At  the  outbreak 
of  the  Civil  War  in  1891,  by  which 
time  he  had  attained  the  rank  of  Cap- 
tain,   he    was    appointed    Commander 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


Jorge|Montt. 


M  O  N  T  T 


403 


of  the   Naval    Division   of   the  Consti- 
tutional Forces,     succeeded  in  bringing  ; 
over  the  greater  part  of  the  Navy  to , 
his   side,    and    by   cutting   off   supplies  I 
and  munitions  from  the  army  of  Pres-  j 
ident  Balniaceda  brought  the  campaign 
to   a  speedy   conclusion.   When   in    the 
same  year   he   was  elected  to  the  Presi- 
dency by  an  almost  unanimous  vote,  he 
adopted  a  conciliatory  policy  and  inau- 
gurated  many    reforms   that   made   his 
administration   both  respected  and  po- 
pular. 

In  1897,  after  his  five  years'  term  of 
office  was  completed,  he  was  com- 
missioned by  the  Government  to  make 
a  tour  through  the  United  States  and 
Europe  to  study  the  best  methods 
of  re-organizing  the  Chilean  Navy.  On 
his  return  he  undertook  this  task  and 
carried  it  out  by  the  formation  and 
through  the  agency  of  the  Naval  Staff 
of   which    he   was   appointed    Chief. 

Besides  the  Gold  Medal  awarded 
him  for  his  part  in  the  campaign  against 


AND     MONOGRAPHS 


IV 


404 


CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 


Peru,  the  Argentine  Centenary  Medal 
and  those  presented  him  by  Bolivia 
for  service  in  the  Spanish  War,  Rear 
Admiral  Montt  is  the  holder,  among 
others,  of  the  following  European  dis- 
tinctions: Grand  Cross  of  the  Order 
of  St.  Michael  and  St.  George,  Gieat 
Biitain;  Grand  Cross  of  Merit,  Spain; 
Grand  Cordon  of  the  Order  of  St.  Mau- 
rice and  St.  Lazaro,  Italy  and  the  Order 
of  the  Sword,  Sweden. 

fie  has  interested  himself  in  many 
schemes  for  social  betterment  and  has 
served  as  President  of  the  Valparaiso 
Savings  Bank,  the  Temperance  So- 
ciety, the  Society  for  the  Protection 
of  Children  and  the  Boy  Scouts. 

He  attained  his  present  rank  of  Rear 
Admiral  in  1891  and  retired  from  the 
active  list  in  1913. 


IV  HISPANIC    NOTES 


AMENGl AL 


405 


RF(  AREDO    AMENGUAL 


Sailor. 


Recaredo    Amengual,    the    son    of 
I  Santiago  Amengual  and  Cjertrudis  No- 
I  vajas,    was   born   on    the    twenty-sixth 
jof  October,  1858,  in  Santiago.  At  four- 
I  teen    years  of  age  he  entered. the  Mili- 
tary  School   and  from  there   passed   as 
a  cadet  to  the  Esmeralda  training  ship 
in   1875.   He  was  enrolled  as  midship- 
man  in   the  same   year  and    thereafter 
rose  rank  by  rank  until  in  1907  he  at- 
tained that  of  Captain. 

He  saw  much  active  service  in  the 
two  campaigns  against  Peru:  he  took 
part  in  the  engagements  at  Chipana, 
Iquique,  Angamos  and  Pisagua  in  1879, 
and  in  the  decisive  battles  of  Chorril- 
los  and  Miraflores  in  1881.  During 
the  revolution  of   1891   he  adhered   to 


AND     MONOGRAPHS 


IV 


406  CHILEANS     O  P^    TO-DAY 


the  side  of  President  Balmaceda  and 
subsequently  published  under  the  title 
of  Eptsodios  de  la  Reuolucion  Chilena, 
1892,  an  account  of  the  interesting 
part  he  played  therein. 

On    his    retirement   from    the    active 
list  in    1916  he  was  presented   by   the 
government,  in  addition  to  the  awards 
already  made  him  for  the  Peruvian   cam- 
paigns, with  a  special  medal  commemo- 
rative    of   his   thirty   years  of  merito- 
rious service.  He  is  the  holder  also  of 
i  a  gold  medal  presented  by  the  Govern- 
;  ment  of  Argentine,   and   has  been   ho- 
!  noured  with  distinctions  from   the   Swe- 
dish   and    Portuguese    governments. 
I      Since  1916  he  has  been  Governor  of 
I  the  province  of  Tarapaca. 


IV  HISPANIC     NOTES 


DIAZ     BESOAIN 


407 


JOAQUIN   DIAZ   BESOAIN 


Banker;  broker; 
public  man. 

JoaquIn  Diaz  Besoain,  the  son  of 
Joaquin  Diaz  and  Petronila  Besoain, 
was  born  on  the  fourteenth  of  Octo- 
ber, 1847,  in  Santiago,  and  had  his 
education  there  in  the  Seminary. 
I  In  his  early  youth  he  chose  a  com- 
mercial career  and  entered  the  Nation- 
al Bank  of  Chile  where  he  rose  to  be 
assistant-Manager.  In  1874  he  was 
Manager  of  the  Alliance  Bank  and 
subsequently  began  business  on  his 
own  account  as  a  stock-broker.  For 
a  number  of  years  he  has  been  President 
of  the  Maipo  Canal  Company. 

He   married    Maria   Garces   and   has 
had    twelve   sons   and    two    daughters. 

His    political    career    began    in    1878 


AND    MONOGRAPHS 


IV 


408 


CHILEANS     OF    TO-DAY 


when  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the 

City  Council  of  Santiago  of  which  he 

was  chosen  Mayor  in  1888;  in  the  same 

jyear  he  was  elected  substitute-Deputy 

for  Curico;  in  1891  he  was  Deputy  for 

the     Department    of    Vichuquen     and 

continued    as    its    representative    until 

I  1903.  In  1906  he  was  elected  to    repre- 

1  sent  Santa  Cruz  and   during     his   term 

put  forward  the  law  for  irrigating  the 

I  valley  of  Nilahue,  and  for  building  the 

!  railway    from    Curico    to    Llico,    which 

I  he  saw  carried  into  effect.  He  belongs 

I  to  the  Conservative  Party  and  has  been 

'  a  member  of  its  Executive   Committee. 


IV  HISPANIC     NOTES 


ECHENIQUE  > 


409 


41 


JOAQUIN  ECHENIQUE 


Land-owner;  publisher; 
Senator. 


Joaquin  Echenique  was  born  on 
the  twelfth  of  February,  1863,  in  San- 
tiago and  there  was  educated  in  the 
Seminary  and  the  ,  University  which 
c^ave  him  the  title  of  Engineer  in  1884. 

In  the  same  year  he  joined  with  five 
other  members  of  the  Conservative 
Party,  some  of  them  like  himself  ex- 
tensive land-owners,  in  establishing 
the  newspaper  EI  Chileno  which  soon 
attained   a  wide  circulation. 

After  several  years  he  sold  his  inter- 
est in  El  Chileno,  and  in  1903  purchas- 1 
ed    El    Diario    Ilustrado   which    he   has  I 
continued    to   direct    until   the  present.  ! 

In  1909  Sr.  Echenique  was  elected 
Deputy^  forCaupolican;  in  1912  he  was 
chosen  Senator  /or  the  province  of 
Linares  and  re-elected  in   1918. 


AND     MONOGRAPHS 


IV 


410    I     CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 


IV 


RAFAEL  LUIS  GUMUCIO 

Journalist. 

Rafael  Luis  Gumucio  Vergara, 
the  son  of  the  distinguished  writer  Ra- 
faeLB.  Gumucio  and  Gertrudis  Verga- 
ra, was  born  on  the  twenty- fourth  of 
March,  1877,  in  Santiago  where  he  was 
educated,  grew  up,  and  has  passed  his 
Hfe.  He  went  to  school  in  the  Sacred 
Heart  Academy,  won  his  Bachelor's 
degree  in  the  University  in  1898,  and 
began  the  study  of  Law  in  the  Catholic 
University,  but  completed  the  course 
and  secured  his  degree  as  Licentiate 
in  Law  in  the  National  University  in 
1903.  A  year  later  he  was  admitted 
to  the  Bar  and  was  subsequently  made 
Professor  of  International  Law  in  the 
Catholic  University. 

Sr.    Gumucio    Vergara   has   won    his 


HISPANIC    NOTES 


GUMUCIO 


chief  distinction  in  the  field  of  journal- 
ism which  he  entered  when  he  was  very 
young  and  where  he  has  made  a  reput- 
ation, through  his  articles  signed  with 
the  initials  L.  S.  O.,  as  a  trenchant  and 
effective  writer.  He  has  seen  much  ser- 
vice also  as  an  editor:  he  was  editor-in- 
chief  of  La  Union  of  Valparaiso  and 
has  long  been  one  of  the  staff  of  El  Dia- 
rio   Ilustrado  of  Santiago. 

In  1915  he  was  elected  Deputy  for 
the  departments  of  Quillota  and  Limache 
which  he  continues  to  represent,  and 
he  is  also  a  member  of  the  Executive 
Committee  of  the  Conservativ^e  Party. 


411 


AND     MONOGRAPHS 


IV 


412 

CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 

i 

t 
j 

IV 

LUIS  GONI  Y  SIMPSON 

Naval   officer. 

Luis  Goni  y  Simpson  was  born  in 
Santiago  on  the  tenth  of  October,  185L 
He  entered   the  Naval   School   in  Val- 
paraisOj    in    January,    1866,    and    after 
the  completion  of  his  courses  received 
fapid  promotion   in   the  naval  service.  \ 
.  In  the  War  of  the  Pacific  he  served 
actively .   in     both     campaigns     against 
Peru.  He  fought  in  the  Battle  of  Iqui- 
que  on  July  10th,  and  in  the  Battle  of 
Angamos  on  October  8th,  1879.  He  as- 
sisted  in   the   capture  of   the   Peruvian 
gunhosLt  Pilcomayo   on   November  18th, 
and  took  part  in   the  bombardment  of 
Pisagua,  Arica,  and  Callao  in  the  spring 
of  the  following  year.  It  also  fell  to  him 
to  assist  in   the     blockade  of  Iquique, 
Callao,  and  Mollendo.                                 ' 

HISPANIC     NOTES 

GUNI     V     SIMPSON 

413 

In  the  Revolution  of  1891  he  parti- 
cipated in  the  battles  of  Concon  and 
Placilla,  lending  valuable  assistance  to 
the  Constitutional  forces  and  protect- 
ing them  from  the  troops  of  Balmaceda. 
In  1907  1k'  was  promoted  to  the  rank 
of  Real  Admiral,  and  in  1916,  after 
thirty  years  of  service,  retired  from  the 
Navy. 

For  his  participation  in  the  campaigns 
against  Peru  and  Bolivia  he  was  hon- 
oured by  the  government  with  two  gold 
medals  and  at  the  time  of  the  Chilean 
Centenary  the  Argentine  government 
conferred  upon  him  a  decoration  of 
merit.  He  has  also  received  from  Por- 
tugal the  decoration  of  the  Grand  Cross 
of  the  Royal  Order  of  San  Benito  de 
Avis  and  from  Spain  the  Grand  Cross 
of   Naval    Meiit. 

1 

AND    MONOGRAPHS 

IV 

414    i     CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 


IV 


CARLOS  HURTADO  WILSON 

Soldier;  Brigadier  General. 

Carlos  Hurtado  Wilson,  the  son 
of  Geiman  Hurtado  and  Matilde  Wil- 
son, was  born  in  Valparaiso  on  the 
fourteenth  of  November,  1864.  After 
completing  his  courses  at  the  National 
Institute  in  1881  he  entered  the  Military 
School  as  a  Cadet,  and  in  the  following 
year  was  appointed  Ensign  in  an  artil- 
lery regiment.  His  experience  of  active 
service  began  immediately,  in  the  war 
with  Peru,  in  which  he  took  part  in 
the  engagements  around  Chosica  against 
the  troops  of  Geneial  Cdceres. 

In  the  Revolution  of  1891  he  was 
in  command  of  the  first  artillery  bri- 
gade of  the  Constitutional  Army,  and 
in  the  battles  of  Concon,  Placilla  and 
the   skirmishes   at  Vina   del   Mar  won 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


HURTADO    WILSON 


415 


a    reputation    as    an    efficient    artillery 
officer. 

He  was  for  a  time  Professor  of  Tac- 
tics at  the  Officers'  Training  School; 
in  1908  he  was  appointed  Military 
AttacM  to  the  Legation  in  Bolivia,  and 
'  in  1918  was  made  Chief  of  the  General 
Staff.  In  June,  1916  he  was  gazetted 
to  his  present  rank  of  Brigadier  Gen- 
eral. 


AND    MONOGRAPHS 


IV 


416 


CHILEANS    OF    T  0-D  A  Y 


!  SALVADOR    IZQUIERDO 

j  Man  of  affairs;    scien- 

i  tific  agriculturalist. 

I  Salvador  Izquierdo,  the  son  of 
[Vicente  Izquierdo  Urmeneta  and  Ana 
I  Sanfuentes  y  Torres,  was  born  in  San- 
I  tiago  on  the  twenty-fourth  of  Septem- 
I  ber,  1862.  He  was  a  student  in  the  Na- 
jtional  Institute  from  1873  to  1877  and 
I  then  entered  the  University  of  Chile. 
j  Here  he  specialized  in  botany  and  re- 
ceived his  degree  in  Agricultural  Eng- 
ineering in  1883. 

Since  his  graduation  he  has  devoted 
much  attention  to  the  development 
!  of  the  Santa  Ines  Nursery  which  he  has 
enriched  with  so  many  fruit  and  forest 
I  tress  that  it  holds  to-day  the  first  place 
j  in  South  America.  During  the  years 
I  1893  and   1894  he  travelled  in   Europe 


IV 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


iZQUIERDO 


417 


studying  botanical  sciences  in  various 
universities,  and  while  abroad  promot- 
ed the  exportation  to  Chile  of  many 
plants  hitherto  unknown  there.  This  | 
work  has  since  been  carried  on  with 
such  admirable  results  that  through  j 
his  initiative  moie  than  three  thousand 
new  plants  and  trees  have  been  intro- 
duced into  Chile.  Aftei  his  return  from 
Europe  he  dedicated  himself  with  in- 
creased zeal  to  his  woik  at  Santa  In^s. 
The  notable  catalogues  of  this  estab- 
lishment edited  by  him  have  done  much 
to  popularize  botanical  science  and 
arboriculture  in  Chile,  and  their  ela- 
borate detail  has  made  them  much 
sought  after  abroad.  At  the  present 
time  he  is  arranging  an  arboietum  for 
the  Univeisity  of  Chile. 

The  activities  of  Sr.  Izquierdo  have 
brought  him  honours  both  at  home  and 
abroad.  For  many  years  he  was  a  membei 
of  the  Council  for  Technical  Instruction, 
and  in  1905  was  appointed  a  member  of 
the  Board  of  Public  Chaiities  which  in 


AND     MONOGRAPHS 


IV 


418 


IV 


Chileans  of  to-day 


turn  appointed  him  Administrator  of  St. 
Vincent  Hospital.  In  1910  he  was  elected 
President  of  the  Union  Club,  the.  most 
important  social  institution  of  Chile; 
he  is  a  Corresponding  Member  of  the 
Royal  Horticultural  Society  of  Great 
Britain  and  a  Corresponding  Member 
of  the  Royal  Agrarian  Society,  being  the 
only  South  American  that  holds  this 
honor.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Pomolqg- 
ical  Society  of  France,  the  Massa- 
chusetts Horticultural  Society,  the  Ac- 
climatation  Society  of  France,  and  of 
the  Geographical  Society,  and  the  Ge- 
netic Society  of  the  United  States. 
In  1910  the  Univeisity  of  La  Plata 
elected  him  an  honorary  member  of 
the  Faculty  of  Scientific  Agriculture 
and  Veterinary  Science;  he  was  chosen 
President  of  the  Agrarian  Section  of 
the  Fourth  Pan-American  Scientific 
Congress  of  1909,  and  in  1918  the  So- 
ciety of  Acclimatation  of  France  award- 
ed him  a  silver  medal  for  his  attain- 
ments in  botany. 


HISPANIC    NOTES 


^IZQUIERDO                     1     419 

Sr.  Izquierdo  has  many  interests 
and  is  a  director  in  a  number  of  banks 
and  corporations  including  the  Chilean 
branch  of  Gath  and  Chaves,  the  lead- 
ing department  store  in   the  country. 

In  addition  to  the  catalogue  mention- 
ed above  and  frequent  contributions 
to  newspapers  and  magazines  he  has 
written  a  report  on  the  estate  «E1  Prin- 
cipal»  which  was  published  by  the  gov- 
ernment, a  study  of  the  manufacture 
of  butter  by  the  centrifugal  process, 
and  La  Ensenanza  Agricola  en  Chile ^ 
1909. 

, 

AND     MONOGRAPHS 

IV 

420 

CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 

MARIANO   LATORRE 

Writer, 

Mariano  Latorre  Court,  the  son 
of  Mariano  Latorre  and  Fernandina 
Court,  was  born  on  the  fourth  of  Jan- 
uary, 1886,  in  Cobquecura,  Province 
of  Maule,  but  gained  his  education  in 
Valparaiso  and  Talca. 

In  1906  he  moved  to  Santiago  and 
there  has  held  the  following  posts;  Sec- 
retary to  the  General  Inspector  of  the 
National  Institute,  Librarian  in  the 
Santiago  Lyceum,  assistant  in  the  Na- 
tional Library,  Professor  of  Spanish  and 
Philosophy  and  Examiner  in  the  Uni- 
versity. 

Sr.  Latorre  began  early  to  write 
stories  of  country  life,  in  which  he  por- 
trayed characteristic  scenes  and  types 
of  the  pait  of  Chile  with  which  he  was 

IV 

HISPANIC    NOTES 

LATORRE 


421 


'  familiar,   and   has   become   one   of   the 
leading  interpreters  in   fiction  of  Chilean 
I  life. 

j  His  bust  known  works  are:  Cuentos 
\del  Maiile,  1912;  Cuna  de  Condores, 
\  1919;    Zurzuleta,  1920;  Gajos    de  Roble, 


1920,    and 
1920. 


La     Sombra     del    Caseron, 


AND     MONOGRAPHS 


IV 


422 


CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 


BRUNO  SERGIO  PIZARRO 


I  Man  of  affairs. 

Bruno  Sergio  Pizarro,  the  son  of 

Jose     Pizarro     Aguirre     and     Manuela 

Espoz,   was   born    in    Copiapo   in    1858 

i  and    there   received    his    education,    at- 

I  tending  the  Copiapo  Lyceum  and   the 

Seminary. 

I      At  an  early  age  he  devoted  himself 

I  to  business  and  for  six  years  travelled 

!  extensively  in   the     Northwestern    pro- 

I  virtces   of    the  Argentine    Republic.    On 

I  his    return  to    Chile  he  settled  in  Co- 

I  piapo   where    he    became    a   prominent 

'  figure  in   civic  life.   For  nine  years  he 

was  a  member  of  the  City  Council  and 

for  a  long  time  was  a  member  of  the 

Road  Committee,  of  the  School  of  Mines 

and    Secretary    and    Superintendent  of 

the    Volunteer    Company    of    Firemen. 


IV 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


P  I  Z  A  R  R  O 


423 


In  1909  he  was  elected  Deputy  for  the 
departments  of  Freirina  and  Vallenar 
and  took  an  active  part  in  the  proceed- 
ings of  that  legislature  (1909-1912). 
He  was  d  strong  supporter  of  measures 
for  economic  protection,  was  instru- 
mental in  the  government  purchase  of 
the  Copiapo  Railroad,  and  contributed  i 
greatly  to  the  success  of  the  School  of 
Mines  and  the  betterment  of  the  ports 
of  Huasco  and  Chanaral.  He  also  inter- 
ested himself  in  the  improvements  of 
the  hospitals  and  schools  of  Copiap6 
and  Freirina,  the  waterworks  of  Ata- 
cama,  and  in  inter-departmental  and 
international  roads. 


AND    MONOGRAPHS 


IV 


424 


CHILEANS     OF    TO-DAY 


;  PABLO    RAMIREZ 

I  Lawyer;  public  man. 

Pablo  Ramirez,  the  son  of  Manuel 
!  S.  Ramiiez  and  Elvira  Rodriguez,  was 
!  born  in  Valparaiso  in  1886.  He  received 
i  his  early   education   in   his  native  city, 
attending     the    Sacred     Heart    School 
I  and    the    Mc;    Kay    School,    and    later 
I  pursuing  courses  in  the  Valparaiso  Se- 
minary.  Devoting  himself  to   the  legal 
career  he  entered  the  Catholic  Univer- 
sity   of    Santiago    and    there    remained 
four  years.    He   finished    his   course   in 
the    University   of   Chile   and    received 
his  degree  in  1908. 

The  year  before  his  graduation  he 
was  appointed  delegate  from  the  Law 
School  to  the  Students'  Congress  in 
Montevideo,  but  was  obliged  to  resign 
on  account  of  ill  health.   He  attended 


IV 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


RAMIREZ 

425 

the  Scientific  Congress  of  1908  and  there 
presented  a  study  entitled  Regimen  de 
los  Bienes  Matrimoniales.   In   1909  Jus- 
tice Castillo  of  the  Court  of  Appeals 
requested    him    to    be    council    for    the 
defence  in  the  Becker  case,  one  of  the 
most  sensational  criminal  cases  in   the 
history  of  Chile.  He  brilliantly  fulfilled 
this  difficult  task  and  won  for  himself 
wide  fame  as  a  lawyer.  He  enteied  pub- 
lic  life   in    1912   when   elected    Deputy 
for  Valdivia,  Villanica  and  La  Union, 
and    in    1919   was    appointed    Minister 
of  Public  Instiuction. 

: 

i 
; 

■ 

! 

1        AND     MONOGRAPHS 

IV    j 

426 


CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 


MANUEL  RIVAS  VICUNA 

Public  man;  teacher. 

Manuel  Rivas  Vicuna,  the  son  of 
Ramon  Rivas  Cruz  and  Mercedes  Vi- 
cuiia,  was  born  in  Santiago  in  1880. 
He  received  his  early  education  in  the 
San  Ignacio  School  and  after  obtain- 
ing his  degree  of  Bachelor  of  Philosophy 
and  Letters  entered  the  Law  School 
of  the  University  of  Chile,  from  which 
he  received  his  degree  of  Licenciate  in 
Law  in  1903. 

In  the  special  election  of  June  29, 
1908,  he  was  elected  alderman  for  the 
Santa  Lucia  ward  and  in  the  following 
year  was  the  Liberal  candidate  for 
Deputy.  Triumphant  in  that  campaign 
he  has  been  re-elected  from  term  to 
term  and  continues  to  represent  San- 
tiago in  Congress  at  the  present  time. 


IV 


HISPANIC    NOTES 


HIVAS     VICUNA 


427 


In    1912  he  was  called   to   assume   the 
portfolic;  of  the  Treasury   but,  as  all  too 
frequently  happens  in  Chile,  the  cabinet 
failed    to    meet   with    the    approval    of 
j  Congress  and  was  soon  forced  to  resign. 
This    happened  again  in   the  following 
I  year  when  he  was  appointed  Minister 
of  the  Interior.   In   the  political  life  of 
his  country  Sr.  Rivas  has  held  a  prom- 
inent place  in  the  Liberal  Party  and  at 
'one  time  was  its  vice -President. 

In  April,  1906  he  was  appointed  Pro- 
;  fessor  of  Roman  Law  in  the  University 
I  of  Chile,  was  later  elected  an  Academic 
I  Member  of  the  Faculty  of  Law  and  Po- 
I  litical  Science,  and  in  1909  was  appoint- 
j  ed  a  member  of  the  Council  of  Public  In- 
!  struction. 


AND    MONOGRAPHS 


IV 


428 

CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY     '[ 

i 

1 

i 
i 

ROBERTO  SILVA  RENARD 

Soldier. 

Roberto    Silva    Renaro,    the    son 
of  the  eminent  soldier  Jose  Maria  Silva  | 
y  Chavez  and  Amelia  Renard,  a  lady 
of   French    descent,    was   born    on    the 
twenty-ninth  of  March,    1855,  at  Penco. 
He  received   his  education  in  Concep- 
ci6n  and  at  the  Military  School  of  San- 
tiago  whence   in    1879   he  passed   into 
the  army  as  Ensign  in  the  First  Artil- 
lery.  He  went   through    the   campaign 
against    Peru    and    at    its    termination 
had  attained  the  rank  of  Captain. 

In  1890  he  was  attached  to  the  Com- 
mission   for   making   the   topographical 
survey   of    the   provinces   of   Santiago, 
Aconcagua,    and    Valparaiso;    in    1902 
he  was  made  commander  of  the  Talca 
military  district,  and  in  1906    was  Pre- 

IV 

HISPANIC    NOTES 

SILVA     RENARD 

429 

sident  of  the  Military   Delegation  des- 
patched to  Europe,  an  office  which  he 
again   held   three  years  later.   He  was 
advanced  to  his  present  lank  of  Gene- 
ral of  Division  in  1910. 

Besides  the  distinctions  awarded  by 
his    own    government    for    the    Pacific 
campaign,  he    has    received  a  gold  me- 
dal  from   the    Argentine    government; 

'  the  order  of  the  Crown  of  Prussia,  and 
from  Italy  that  of  St.  Maui  ice  and  St. 
Lazarus.  He  was  placed  on  the  retired 

j  list  in  April,  1918. 

1 

AND     MONOGRAPHS 

IV 

430 

CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 

■ 

ALBERTO  SILVA  PALMA 

Navat  officer. 

Alberto  Silva  Palma  the  son  of 
Waldo  Silva  and  Irene  Palma  was  born 
on  the  twenty-ninth  of  May,  1852. 
At  the  age  of  fourteen  he  entered  the 
Naval  School  in  Valparaiso  and  in 
March,  1870,  passed  as  Cadet  to  the 
Military  School  in  Santiago. 

Not  long  after  completing  his  courses 
it  fell  to  him  to  play  an  active  part  in 
the  service  of  his  country  as  a  partici- 
pant in  the  important  naval  campaigns 
against  Bolivia  and  Peru.  He  took  part 
in  the  Battle  of  Angamos  on  the  eighth 
of  October,  1879,  and  in  the  capture  of 
Pisagua  on  November  second  of  the 
same  year.  He  was  present  also  at  the 
blockade  of  Arica,  Ilo,  and  Mollendo, 
at  the  bombardment  of  Calllao  in  May 

IV 

HISPANIC     NOTES 

SILVA     PALMA 

431 

and  October  of  1 880,  and  at  the  blockade 
of  Ancon,   Callao,   and   Chilca.    In   the 
decisive  battles  of  Chorrillos  and    Mi- 
raflores  on   the  thirteenth  of  January, 
1881,  he  was  attached  to  the  Plrst  Di- 
vision   under    the    orders    of    Captain 
Patricio   Lynch. 

In    the    Revolution   of    1891    he   was 
a  supporter  of  the  Constitutional  Cause 
and   took  an   active  part  in   the  cam- 
paign    against     President     Balmaceda. 
On    November    tenth,     1899,    he    was 
promoted  to  the  rank   of  Rear  Admiral 
and  in  1905  retired  from  active  service, 
i      Following  his  retirement  Admiral  Sil" 
va  Palma  devoted  his  attention  to  the 
compilation  of  the  volume  Cronicas  de 
la  Marina  Chilena,  which  was  published 
in  1912  and  went  into  its  second  edition 
in   1913,  and  in  1914,  Un  viaje  al  Medi- 
ierrdneo. 

1 

1 
1 

AND     MONOGRAPHS 

IV 

432 


CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 


I  ABSALON  VALENCIA 

Lawyer;  public  official. 

Absalon  Valencia  was  born  in 
Concepci6n  and  was  educated  there  in 
the  Lyceum.  He  completed  the  courses 
requisite  for  the  Bachelor  of  Arts  degree 
and  continued  his  law  studies  in  the 
local    University    Extension    lectures. 

He  was  admitted  to  the  bar,  entered 
on  the  practise  of  his  profession  and 
while  still  very  young  entered  also  on 
his  political  career.  He  was  appointed 
Clerk  of  the  Civil  Court;  Clerk  of  the 
Appellate  Court;  in  1912  he  was  elect- 
ed Deputy;  in  1915  he  was  appointed 
Minister  of  Education,  and  in  1916, 
Minister  of  Railways,  but  in  1918  he 
was  defeated  for  re-election  to  the 
Chamber  of  Deputies. 


IV 


HISPANIC    NOTES 


DIAZ    ARRIETA  433 


HERNAN  DIAZ  ARRIETA 

'  Writer. 

i 

'  HernAn  Diaz,  the  son  of  Francisco 
de  Paula  Diaz  Rodriguez  and  Teresa 
Arrieta,   was  born  on    the  eleventh   of 

I  May,  1891,  in  Santiago,  where  at  the. 
Seminary  and  at  the  Commercial  In- 1 
stitute    he    received    his    education. 

Since  1906  Sr.  D/az    has  held  a  sub- . 
ordinate  appointment  in  the  Civil  Re-  j 
gistry.   In   1912  he  joined   the  editorial  | 
staff  of  La  Union  and  in  1913  that  of 
the    Diario    Ilustrado,    contributing    at 
the  same  time  to  other  leading  period- 
icals of  the  capital.  In  1915,  under  the 
nom  de  plume  of  Alone,  he  published  a 
novel  entitled  La  Sombra  Inquieta  which  ' 
was  noticed  as  a  work  of  marked  pro-  j 
mise. 


AND    MONOGRAPHS  IV 


434 


CHILEANS     OF     TO-DAY 


IV 


GONZALO    URREJOLA 

A  gricuUuralist; 
public  man. 

GoNZALO  Urrejola  was  born  in  the 
year  1855  in  Concepcion  and  was  edu- 
cated in  the  Seminary  of  that  city. 
From  an  early  age  he  began  to  apply 
himself  to  business  and  among  other 
successful  undertakings  was  interested 
in  flour  milling.  He  has  devoted  him- 
self also  to  the  improvement  of  the 
extensive  family  estates  at  Cucha- 
Cucha  which  are  now  laid  out  on  the 
lines  of  a  model  farm,  largely  for  cereal 
and  vine  cuftivation,  but  in  part  as  a 
private  park. 

He  entered  political  life  in  1894  on 
his  election  as  Deputy  for  the  Depart- 
ment of  Itata  for  which  he  was  re-elect- 
ed until   1906  when  he  became  Senator 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


•     URREJOLA  435 


for  Nuble.    In  Congress  he   took  an  ac- ! 
tive  interest  in   questions    of   economic  ■ 
and  industrial  development,  as  well  as! 
in  furthering  railway  construction.   He! 
was  instrumental  in  the  passing  of  the' 
law    prohibiting     the     manufacture    of 
artificial  wines  and  successfully  opposed 
the  Sugar  Bounties  Bill  on  its  introduc- 
tion in  1905.  In  1907,   during  the   Pre- 
sidency of  Pedro  Montt,  he  was  Minis- 
ter   of    Industry    and     Public     Works,  i 
He  is  a  member  of  the  National  Agri 
cultural  Society. 


AND     MONOGRAPHS 


IV 


436 

CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 

EDUARDO  CHARME 

Senator;  land- owner. 

Eduardo  Charme,  the  son  of  Au- 
gust© Charme,  a  French  engineer,  and 
Beatriz  Fernandez,  was  born  at  Talca 
in  1854  and  received  his  early  educa- 
tion in  the  Lyceum  of  San  Fernando. 
Thereafter  he  entered  the  National 
Institute  and  the  University  of  Chile 
where  he  took  his  degree  of  Doctor  in 
Medicine  in  1879.  He  began  .to  practice 
in  the  North  of  the  Republic  and  there 
continued  until  the  year  1885  when  he 
turned  his  attention  to  the  nitrate  in- 
dustry in  the  Tarapacd  region,  ulti- 
mately taking  over  and  working  for  his 
own  account  the  Amelia,  Josefina  and 
Santiago  factories. 

At  a  later  date  he  became  interested 
in   agriculrtural   pursuits  on   an  exten- 

IV 

HISPANIC    NOTES 

CHARME 


sive  scale  in  the  provinces  of  Colcha- 
gua,  Curic6  and  O'Higgins,  where  he 
has  several  properties  devoted  espe- 
cially to  vine  culture  and  stock-raising 
on  the  most  modern  lines. 

He  entered  political  life  in  1903  when 
he  was  elected  Senator  for  the  Province 
of  Colchagua,  for  which  he  has  since  | 
been  continuously  re-elected.  In  1904,  ! 
during  the  administration  of  President 
Riesco,  he  was  appointed  Minister  of 
Industry  and  Public  Works  which  office 
he  again  held  in  1909.  Somewhat  later 
he  was  Minister  of  the  Interior  and  in 
1914  again  held  the  same  portfolio. 

For  several  periods  he  has  been    Pre- 
sident of  the  Senate. 


AND     MONOGRAPHS 


,     438 

CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 

' 

RAFAEL  MALUENDA 

Journalist;  author. 

Rafael  Maluenda  was  born  on  the 
eighteenth  of  March,  1885    in  Santiago 
and  was  educated  in  the  National  Ins- 
titute which  he  attended   until  1903. 

Meantime   he   had    already    begun 
his  novitate  in  letters  by  contributing 
to  the  press.«He  has  served  on  the  Staff 
of  La  Ley,  El  Ferrocarril,  and  El  Diario 
Ilustrado  and  has  contributed  to  nearly 
all  the  literary  magazines  in  Chile,  but 
his  chosen  medium  is  the  short  story  in 
which   he   has   been   successful   in   por- 
traying scenes  and  types  from  the  lower 
middle    class    — the    Medio    pelo. 

He  has  published  a  number  of  books, 
including  Escenas  de  la  vida    campesina, 
1909;   Los   Ciegos,    1913;  Venidos  a  me- 
nos,  1916;  La  Pachacha,    1917    and    La 
Suerte,   1920,  all  in  Santiago. 

IV 

H  I  SIP  AN  I  C    NOTES 

WALKER     MARTINEZ 

439    ' 

JOAQUIN    WALKER    MARTINEZ 

Public  man. 

JoAQuLv  Walker  Martinez,  the 
son  of  Alejandro  Walker  and  Teresa 
Martinez,  was  born  in  1854  at  Vallenar, 
but  received  his  early  educaton  at  the 
Lyceum  of  Copiap6  and  afterwards 
read  Law  in  the  University  in  Santiago. 

He  entered  political  life  in  1879  with 
his  election  to  Congress  as  Deputy  for 
Rancagua  and  since  that  time  has  taken 
a  prominent  part  in  public  affairs, 
either  in  Congress  or  in  Diplomatic 
,  missions  abroad. 

He  was  Deputy  for  Santiago  from 
1885  to  1890,  for  Lautaro  from  1891 
to  1894,  and  again  represented  San- 
tiago from  1894  to  1900.  Under  the  Re- 
volutionary Government  Committee  of 
Iquique  in  1891  he  held  office  as  Min- 

i 

i 

i 

1 

j 
1 

• 

i 

AND    MONOGRAPHS 

IV 

1 

440 


CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 


ister  of  Finance:  in  1896  he  was  appoint- 
I  ed  Chilean  Minister  to  Brazil  and  in 
j  the  following  year,  to  Argentina.  In 
■1901  he  was  named  Minister  to  the 
I  United  States  and  was  also  Government 
I  Delegate  to  the  Second  Pan-American 
j  Congress  held  in  Mexico.  In  1904  he 
I  was  transferred  to  Cuba,  being  the  first 

Chilean    Minister    accredited    to    that! 

country. 

j      On  his  return  to  Chile  he  was  again  j 
i  elected  to  Congress,  taking  the  seat  in  j 
I  the  Senate  of  Sr.  Pedro  Montt  on  the 
!  latter's    acceptance    of    the  Presidency 
I  in    1906,   and    there,  during   his   twelve 
j  years    of     Parliamentary     labour,   still 
I  further   added    to   his   reputation   both 
I  as  an  orator  and  as  a  legislator  of  ex- 
j  perience  and  ability. 
I      He  has  published  the  following  works: 

Clamores  de  intervencion,  1918,  and  Re- 

vancha  con  sangre  ajena,  1918,  both  in 
i  Santiago. 


IV     i  HISPANIC    NOTES 


LORCA     PELLROS 


441 


I 


RAFAEL  LORCA   PELLROSS 

Public  man;  lawyer. 

Rafael  Lorca,  the  son  of  Jos6  Ma- 
ria Lorca  Sdnchez  and  Petronila  Pell- 
ross,  was  born  in  Copiap6  on  the  six- 
teenth of  January,  1874.  He  received  his 
early  training  in  the  Valparaiso  Liceo 
and  in  the  National  Institute  of  San- 
tiago,. After  obtaining  his  degree  of 
Bachelor  in  Philosophy  and  Letters, 
he  entered  the  Law  School  of  the  Uni- 
versity of  Chile  from  which  he  received 
the  degree  of  Licenciate  in  Laws  and 
Political  Sciences  in  1897  and  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  Bar. 

In  1891  he  was  Clerk  of  Court  in  Val- 
paraiso and  from  1892  to  1900,  Clerk  in 
the  Department  of  the  Interior.  In 
1906  he  was  elected  Deputy  for  the 
Departments  of  Quillota   and    Limache 

AND     MONOGRAPHS 


IV 


442 


CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 


and  held  this  office  until  1915.  As  one 
of  the  leaders  of  the  Liberal  Democratic 
Party  he  was  a  member  of  the  Parlia- 
mentary Committee  and  served  in  the 
Congress  on  the  War  arid  Navy  Com- 
mittee, the  Committee  of  Social  Legis- 
lation and  the  Committee  on  Elections. 
From  1915  to  1918  he  was  interested 
in  mining  and  in  the  saltpetre  industry 
but  at  the  present  time  he  is  devoting 
himself  largely  to  his  law  practice.  He 
has  published  the  following  works: 
Guia  administrativa  del  Ministerio  del 
Interior]  Anuarios  and  Recopilacion  de 
Leyes  de  Correos  y  Telegrafos. 


IV 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


GOMEZ    CARRENO 


443 


LUIS  GOMEZ  CARRENO 


Naval  officer. 


^    1 


Luis  Gomez  Carreno  was  born  on 
the  twenty-sixth  of  January,  1865, 
entered  the  Navy  in  1879  as  midship- 
man on  the  captured  Peruvian  monitor 
Iludscar  and  took  part  in  the  campaign 
of  the  foollowing  year  that  resulted  in 
the  capture  of  Lima  and  Callao.  To 
gain  further  experience  he  served  in 
the  British  Navy  from  1884  to  1886 
on  board  the  Iron  Duke.  \n  the  Revolu- 
tion of  1891  he  adhered  to  the  Consti- 
tutional side  and  subsequently  played 
an  active  part  in  the  decisive  battles 
of  Concon  and  Placilla. 

He  was  a  member  of  the  Peace  Com- 
mission sent  to  Argentina  in  1903,  and 
in  the  following  year,  when  he  was  made 
captain,  was  in  charge  of  the  building 


AND     MONOGRAPHS 


IV 


444 


CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 


of    the    first   Chilean    Dreadnought    at 
Newcastle  on  Tyne. 

In  1906  he  held  "the  office  of  Maritime 
Governor  of  Valparaiso  and,  when   in 
in  that  year  the  great  earthquake  oc- 
;  curred,  acted  also  as  Military  Governor 
i  while  the  city  was  under  Martial  law. 
I  Captain    G6mez  accompanied    the   late 
I  Theodore    Roosevelt    during    his    tour 
through   Chile,   and   was  appointed    to 
assist  Sir  Thomas  Holditch  in  the  boun- 
dary arbitration  with  Argentina. 

In   1914  he  commanded  the  Zenleno\ 
I  when  that  warship  was  despatched   to 
I  Peruvian    waters    to    protect    Chilean 
!  interests. 

In  1916  he  was    made   Rear  Admiral 

I  and  was   in   command  of  the  fleet  from 

I  1915  to  1917  after  which   he    was  made 

I  chief  of  the  Naval   Commission   in    Eu- 

1  rope,  a  post  which  he  still  holds. 

I      Admiral  G6mez  has    been   decorated 

with    the  medal  of  the^Legion  of  Honor 

and  with  the  Order  of  Victoiia  by  Great 

Britain. 


IV 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


URRUTIA  I     445 


TEMISTOCLES   URRUTIA 

1  Army  officer;  public  man, 

j  Temistocles  Urrutia,  the  son  of 
I  General  Basilio  Urrutia  and  Teodorinda 
I  Anguita,  was  born  in  Talcahuano  on 
I  the  twenty-ninth  of  September,  1854. 
I  He  received  his  early  education  in  the 
j  Concepcion  liceo  which  he  attended 
1  from  1867  to  1871  and  then  entered 
the  Military  School  of  Santiago. 

After  finishing  his  courses  he  entered 
the  Army  with  the  grade  of  Ensign  in 
the  Mounted  Grenadiers  and  was  en- 
gaged in  campaigns  against  the  Arau- 
canian  Indians  until  the  outbreak  of 
the  War  of  the  Pacific.  He  was  then 
transferred  to  the  Northern  Front  where 
he  fought  in  the  important  battles  of 
Tacna,  Chorrillos  and  Miraflores  and 
won   the  right  to  wear  the  medals  of 


AND     MONOGRAPHS 


IV 


446 


IV 


CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 


the  first  and  second  campaigns  and   the 
insignia  of  three  bars.  In  1891  he  retir- 
ed from   t^he  service  with   the  rank  of 
i  Colonel. 

His  participation  in  public  life  began  | 
in  1899  when  he  was  appointed  Gover- 
nor of  the  Department  of  Traiguen. 
He  was  later  transferred  to  a  similar 
position  in  the  province  of  Cautin  and 
still  later,  to  Aconcagua.  At  the  present 
time  he  is  Inspector-General  of  Colo- 
nization and  Immigration. 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


M  A  C  -  I  V  E  R 


ENRIQUE     MAC-IVER 

Lawyer;  orator;  stdtesman. 


447 


P2NRIQUE  Mac-Iver,  the  son  of  Hen- 
ry Mac-Iver,  a  Scotch  merchant,  and 
Leonor  Rodriguez,  was  born  in  Cons- 
titiici6n  on  the  fifteenth  of  July,  1845. 
He  got  his  early  education  in  the  British 
schools  of  Valparaiso  and  took  his  later 
courses  in  the  National  Institute  of 
Santiago.  He  read  Law  in  the  University 
and  in  1869  was  admitted  to  the    Bar. 

Meantime  he  had  begun   to  interest 
himself  in  politics:  in  1868  he  had  joined 
the  Reform  Club,  a  centre  of  liberal  pro-  i 
paganda,   and    took  an   active  part    in  { 
its  programme.  In  1876  he  was  elected  : 
Deputy  from  Constituci6n  and  remain- 
ed a  member  of  the    Chamber,  repre- 1 
senting     various     constituencies,    until  I 
1900.    In    1902   he   entered   the  Senate] 


AND     MONOGRAPHS 


IV 


448 

CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 

I 

1 
1 

i 
i 

for  the  Province  of  Nuble  and  has  con- 
tinued since  to  hold  a  place  in  that  body. 
During  his  service  in  both   houses  he  has 
been  honored  by   his   associates:  he  has 
been  a  member  of  important  commit- 
tees; he  was  chosen  vice-President  of 
the  Chamber  in  1880,  and  he  has  ser- 
ved in  the  Cabinet  on  a  number  of  oc- 
casions, both  as  Minister  of  the  Inte- 
rior and   as  Minister  of  Finance.     He 
has  also  been  a  Councillor  of  State. 

His    career  as  a  lawyer-in  which  he 
has    won  a.   foremost    place-and   as  a| 
writer,  has  run  parallel   with  his    poli-  i 
tical  course.    In   1876  when   he  entered 
Congress  he  began  to  write  in  the  Re- 
vista  Chilena  and  the  Revista  de  San- 
tiago, de  :ling  chiefly  with  constitution- 
al questions  and  national  problems  such 
as  the  boundary  dispute  wih    Argentina; 
in    1878   he   contributed    freely   to    the  j 
radical  paper  El  Heraldo;  in    1889  he 
wrote  for  the  Revista  del  Progreso,  and 
he  has  continued  to  contribute  occasion- 1 
al  articles  to  the  reviews. 

IV 

HISPANIC     NOTES 

MAC-IVER 


Among  the  most  important  of  the 
legal  matters  entrusted  to  him  was 
that  of  representing  the  Government  of 
Chile  before  the  Arbitration  Courts  set 
up  to  adjudicate  the  claims  of  foreign- 
rs  arising  out  of  the  War  of  the  Pa- 
cific. 

He  is  a  member  of  the  Law  Faculty 
of  the  University,  a  member  of  the  Chi- 
lean Academy,  in  1888  he  was  the  Pres- 
ident of  the  Literary  and  Sociological 
Society,  and  for  many  years  has  presided 
over  the  national  conventions  of  theRa- 

,  dical  Party. 

j  In  addition  to  his  extensive  contribu- 
tions to  the  press,  he  is  the  author  of 
Discursos  politicos  y  parlamentarios,  San- 
tiago, 1899. 


AND     MONOGRAPHS 


450    !     CHILEANS     OF     TO-DAY 


ANTONIO  HUNNEEUS  GANA 

Teacher;  public  mdn. 

Antonio  Hunneeus  Gana,  the  son 
of  Jorge  Hunneeus  Zegers  and  Domitila 
Gana,  was  born  on  the  fourth  of  July, 
1870.  He  received  his  secondary  educ- 
ation in  the  Sacred  Heart  School  and 
after  passing  the  State  examination's 
obtained  his  degree  of  Bachelor  in  Phi- 
losophy and  Letters.  He  completed  the 
Law  couise  in  the  University  of  Chile 
and  in  December,  1890,  was  admitted 
to  the  Bar. 

Soon  after  his  graduation  he  began 
to  teach.  In  1891  he  received  the  ap- 
pointment of  Professor  of  the  Philo- 
sophy of  Law  in  the  University  of  Chile 
and  held  this  position  until  his  election 
to  the  Chamber  of  Deputies  in  1906. 

Soon  after  joining   the   teaching  staff 


IV  HISPANIC    NOTES 


HUNNEEUS    GANA 

451 

of   the   Law   School   he  was  appointed 
Secretary  of  the  Faculty  of  Laws  and 
Political  Sciences.  He  was  later  appoint- 
ed member  and  Secretary  of  the  Par- 
liamentary   Commission     of     1904    to 
study  the  sociaL conditions  in  Northern 
Chile:  he  was  Minister  of  Justice  and 
Public    Instruction     in     1905;    he   was 
elected   Deputy   for  Santiago   in    1906, 
and   in    the  same  year  was  appointed 
Minister  of  Foreign  Relations.  He  was 
one  of  the  delegates  to  represent  Chile 
in    the    Pan-Ameiican    Congress    held 
in   Buenos    Aires  in     1910;  in    1912  he 
was  again  appointed  Minister  of  Foreign 
Relations  and  chosen   a   third  time  for 
this  office  in  March,  1920. 

He  has  been  chosen  a  member  of  the 
Conciliation    international,    the   Univer- 
sal Congress  of  Rager,  the  Organization 
for  a  Lasting   Peace,  and   the   Chilean 
Association    of    International    Law.    In 
addition    to    these    honors    he    holds    a 
liploma   fiom    the  American   Academy 
of  Social  and  Political  Science.  He  has 

1 
i 

i 

: 

1 

AND     MONOGRAPHS 

IV 

452 

CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 

been  a  frequent  contributor  to   Chilean 
magazines  and  daily  papers,  publishing 
articles  on   the  philosophy  of  law  and 
international  politics.  With  one  of  his 
brothers  he  published   the    secqhd  edi- 
tion of  his  father's  work  La  Constitucion 
ante  el  Congreso  and  the  first  edition  of 
his  Derecho  Comparado.  He  is  the  author 
of  the  Memoria  de  Relaciones  Exteriores 
del  ano  1906. 

IV 

HISPANIC    NOTES 

BARCELO     LIRA 


LUIS  BARCELO  LIRA 

Lawyer. 

Luis  Barci:l6  was  born  in  1872  in 
Santiago  and  was  educated  at  the  Na- 
tional Institute  and  the  University, 
where  he  studied  Law  and  was  admitted 
to  the  Bar  in  1895.  Two  years  later  he 
was  appointed  Professor  of  Mercantile 
Law,  in  which,  as  well  as  in  mining  law. 
he  has  achieved  a  far-reaching  leput- 
ation  and  has  built  up  a  lucrative  pri- 
vate practice,  chiefly  in  connection  with 
German  mining  interests.  He  has  attain- 
ed a  conspicuous  position  also  in  com- 
mercial circles  as  the  representative 
of  the  well  known  German  firm  of  Krupp 
and  Co.  As  a  mark  of  apii>reciation  of 
his  valuable  services  the  German  Gov- 
ernment in  1910  awarded  him  the 
decoration  of  the  Red     Eagle,   Fourth 


AND     MONOGRAPHS 


454 


CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 


Class,   and   in    1912   that  of   the  Order 
of  the  Crown  of  Prussia,  Third  Class. 

Sr.  Barcelo  is  owner  of  a  spacious 
property  at  Providencia,  a  suburb  of 
Santiago,  where  he  devotes  himself 
especially  to  horticulture. 


IV 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


SANTA    CRUZ    Y    OSSA 


ELVIRA  SANTA  GRUZ  Y  OSSA 
Dramatist;  novelist. 

Elvira  Santa  Cruz  y  Ossa,  the 
daughter  of  Joaquin  Santa  Cruz  y  Var- 
gas and  Carmela  Ossa,  was  born  on  the 
twenty-first  of  March,  1896,  in  Valpa- 
raiso, but  was  educated  in  Santiago 
in  the  Convent  of  the  Sacred  Hearts. 

She  recognized  her  Hterary  vocation 
early  and  before  she  was  twenty  had 
written  her  first  novel,  Flor  Silvestre. 
She  began  also  to  write  for  the  magazi- 
nes and  is  now  one  of  the  editors  of  Zig- 
Zag  in  which  she  has  charge  of  the  social 
section.  Her  work  in  fiction  and  her 
editorial  activities  have  not  prevented 
her  from  writing  also  for  the  stage,  in 
which  she  made  her  first  essay  in  1916 
with  the  comedy  entitled  La  Familia 
Busquillas.    In    1919   she   followed    this 


455 


AND     MONOGRAPHS 


IV 


456        CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 


with  another,  El  voto  femenino,  and  at 
the  end  of  the  same  year  she  produced 
a  more  substantial  drama,  La  Marcha 
Funehre,  which  had  a  resounding  suc- 
cess. She  has  now  in  preparation  her 
second  novel,  Via  Cruets  Sentimental, 
which  will  soon  be  issued  by  Calleja 
in  Spain.' 


IV  HISPANIC     NOTES 


ROBLES 


457 


VICTOR  V.    ROBLES 


Laiv\er. 


Victor  V.  Kobles  was  born  in  1880} 
in  the  city  of  C  oncepcion.  He  was  edu-  \ 
cated  in  the  schools  of  his   native  city 
and  at  the  University  in  Santiago  where  , 
he  passed  his  final  examinations  in  the  i 
Faculty  of  Law  at  the  age  of  twenty. 
He   applied   himself  first   to   the   study 
of  agricultural   and   industrial   law  and 
at  a  later  date  to  civil  law,  on  all  of 
which   he  has  both   lectured   and  writ- 
ten. He  has  won  a  creditable  position 
in  legal  circles  and  an  increasing  prac- 
tice  by   his   successful    management  of 
cases  affecting  the  mining    and   nitrate 
industries. 

He  belongs  to  the  Radical  Party  and 
entered  political  life  in  1909;  he  was 
then  elected  to  represent  Arauco  in  the 


AND     MONOGRAPHS 


IV 


458 

CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 

Chamber  of  Deputies  where  he  devoted 
himself  chiefly  to  questions  of  finance 
and  foreign  policy. 

He  has  on  several  occasions  fulfilled 
responsible  duties  in  connection  with 
the  defence  of  party  interests  in  elec- 
toral matters,  as  with  questions  of  in- 
ternational importance,  one  of  which 
concerned  the  relations  of  Chile  with 
the  Vatican. 

He  was  honored  by  the  Government 
with  the  commission  to  investigate  the 
system  of  land  tenure  in  Tierradel  Fue- 
go,  and  also  with  that  of  Government 
representative  at  the  inauguration  of 
the  La  Paz  Railway. 

IV 

1 

HISPANIC     NOTES 

MONCKEBERG  459 


CARLOS  MONCKEBERG  BRAVO 

Physician;  surgeon. 

Carlos  Monckeberg  Bravo,  the 
son  of  Dr.  Carlos  Monckeberg  y  Gana 
and  Cimodocea  Bravo,  was  born  in  San- 
tiago on  the  fifteenth  of  October,  1885. 
After  receiving  his  degree  of  Bachelor 
in  Philosophy  and  Letters  in  1901  from 
the  University  of  Chile  he  entered  the 
Medical  School  and  there  obtained  the 
following  degrees:  Bachelor  of  Medicine 
and  Pharmacy,  1905:  Licenciate  in 
Medicine,  1907,  and  Doctor  in  Medicine 
and  Surgery,  1908. 

He  was  appointed  Assistant  in  the 
Obstetric  Clinic  in  1909  and  the  follow- 
ing year  went  abroad  to  continue  his 
technical  training,  studying  in  the  Uni- 
versities of  Paris,  Cologne  and  Berlin. 
In  1910  and  1911  he  was  assistant  in  the 


AND    MONOGRAPHS  I      IV 


460 


IV 


CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 


Tarnier  Clinic  of  Paris  and  in  1912  held 
a  similar  position  in  the  Women's  Cli- 
nic of  the  University  of  Berlin.  Upon 
his  return  to  Chile  in  1913  he  was  ap- 
pointed Head  of  the  Obstetric  Clinic  of 
Santiago  and  in  1914  was  put  in  charge 
of  tihe  Hospital  San  Juan  de  Dios.  During 
the  years  1915-1917  and  1920  he  was 
Secretary  and  one  of  the  directors  of 
the  Medical  Society  of  Chile.  In  1916 
he  was  Special  Professor  of  Obstetrics 
and  Surgery  in  the  University  of  Chile 
and  at  the  present  time  is  Director  of 
the  Maternity  Ward  of  the  San  Salva- 
dor Hospital. 

Dr.    Monckeberg    is    considered    an 
authority  on  obstretics  and  his  nume- 
rous   published    works   on    the   subject 
have  brought  him  high  praise  and  many 
honors,    among    them    election    to    the 
Obstetric  Society  of  Buenos  Aires     as  | 
Honorary  Member.  His  most  important  | 
work  is  Notas  CUnicas  sobre  la  Patologia  j 
de  la  Gestacion,  published  in  Santiago 
in  1915. 


HISPANIC    NOTES 


^. 


^ 


SILVA     LEZAETA 


461 


LUIS  SILVA  LEZAETA 

Bishop;  historian. 

Luis  Silva  Lezaeta,  the  son  of 
Francisco  Silva  y  Feliu  and  Juana  I. 
Lezaeta,  was  horn  on  the  Tunca  estate 
in  Caupolicdn  on  the  second  of  February, 
1860.  He  was  educated  in  the  Seminario 
Conciliar  of  Santiago,  received  his  de- 
gree of  Bachelor  in  Philosophy  and 
Letters  from  the  University  of  Chile 
in  1878  and  his  certificate  of  compe- 
tency in  Ecclesiastical  Sciences  in  1882. 
In  the  same  year  he  took  holy  orders. 

From  1883  to  1886  he  was  Secretary 
to  the  Vicar  of  Antofagasta;  Apostolic 
Vicar  of  the  same  city  from  1887  to 
1895;  Professor  of  Sacred  Writing  in  the 
Sucre  Seminary,  Bolivia,  in  1886;  and 
Foreign  Vicar  of  Copiap6  from  1898 
to  1904.  Since  1905  he  has  held  the  of- 


AND    MONOGRAPHS 


IV 


462 

CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 

fice  of  Vicar  of  Antofagasta  and  since 
1902  that  of  Bishop  of  Oleno. 

Bishop  Silva  is  a  member  of  the  Chil-  i 
ean  Academy,  a  Member  of  the  Chilean 
Society  of  History  and  Geography  and 
a  Corresponding  Member  of    the  His- 
torical    and     Geographical    Society    of 
Lima.  He  is  recognized  as  an  eminent 
scholar   and   a   national   historian.    His 
most  important  work  is  perhaps  a  mono- 
graph entitled  El  Conquistador  Francisco 
de  Aguirre,  published  in  1904. 

i 

IV 

HISPANIC    NOTES 

L  A  N  D  A  463 


FRANCISCO  LANDA 

Physician;  public  man. 

Francisco  Landa,  the  son  of  Fran- 
cisco de  Paula  Landa  and  Beatriz  Za- 
rate,  was  born  in  Santiago  on  the  twenty- 
fourth  of  October,  1866.  He  received 
his  early  education  in  the  Salvador 
School  of  Rojas  Ca.reno  and  in  1889 
won  the  degree  of  Bachelor  of  Philo- 
sophy and  Letters.  He  obtained  the  title 
of  Bachelor  of  Medicine  in  1890  and  in 
1893  that  of  Doctor  in  Medicine  from 
the  University  of  Chile. 

After  his  graduation  he  devoted 
himself  for  a  time  to  the  development 
of  his  private  practice;  in  1902  he  was 
appointed  Assistant  in  Pathological 
Anatomy  in  the  Medical  School;  some- 
what later  he  was  chosen  a  member  of 


AND     MONOGRAPHS 


IV 


464 


CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 


the  Superior  Council  of  Hygiene,  and  in 
1913  he  held  the  post  of  City  Physician. 
Dr.  Landa  entered  political  life  in 
1893  as  Democratic  candidate  for  Al- 
derman for  the  Sixth  Ward  and  was 
elected  for  three  years;  in  1901  he  was 
elected  to  the  Chamber  of  Deputies; 
in  1913  he  was  a  candidate,  though  un- 
successful, for  the  vacancy  in  the  Senate 
caused  by  the  death  of  Don  Ricardo 
Matte,  and  in  1918  he  had  the  pecu- 
Har  distinction  of  being  Ministei  of  In- 
dustry twice  in  one  year.  He  was 
later  elected  President  of  the  Demo- 
cratic Party. 


IV     I  HISPANIC     NOTES 


SUBERCASEAUX 


465 


GUILLERMO    SUBERCASEAUX 

Public  official. 
GUILLERMO    SUBERCASEAUX,    the    SOn 

of  Antonio  Subercaseaux  Vicuna  and 
Gertrudis  Perez,  the  daughter  of  Pres- 
ident Jose  Joaquin  Perez,  was  born  in 
1871  in  the  city  of  Santiago  and  was 
educated  there  at  the  San  Ignacio  School 
and  the  University  where  he  qualified 
as  a  Civil  Engineer  in  1894. 

He  began  at  an  early  age  to  apply 
himself  to  the  study  of  economic  sub- 
jects and  it  has  been  his  recognized 
ability  in  these  as  well  as  financial  mat- 
ters, that,  since  he  is  affiliated  with  no 
political  party,  has  secured  his  election 
to  Congress  for  the  last  twelve  years. 
He  is  one  of  the  prominent  public  men 
who  have  devoted  themselves  to  pro- 
curing a  reform  in  the  monetary  system 


AND     MONOGRAPHS  IV 


466 


CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 


and  during  his  tenure  of  office  as  Min- 
ister of  Finance  in  19Q8,  under  the  ad- 
ministration of  President  Montt,  he 
!  brought  forward  a  plan  for  the  estab- 
lishment of  a  Conversion  Treasuiy  on 
the  Argentine  model  which  was  rejected 
at  the  time,  but  thiee  years  later  was 
approved  by  the  Commission  appoint- 
ed to  study  the  problem  of  obtaining 
stability  in  exchange.  Although  this 
measure  failed  of  enactment,  in  1919, 
during  his  second  period  in  the  Minis- 
try of  Finance,  he  introduced  a  second 
Bill  on  the  same  lines,  which  is  now 
(1920)  under  consid€;ration  by  the  Fi- 
nancial Committee  of  the  Senate. 

Senor  Subercaseaux  is  an  advocate 
also  of  a  Customs  Union  between  Chile 
and  Bolivia,  on  the  ground  that  a  po- 
litical and  economic  alliance  would  be 
to  the  common  advantage  of  both  coun- 
tries. 

For  many  years  he  was  Professor  of 
Political  Economy  in  the  University 
of  Chile  where  by  his  lectures  he  helped 


IV 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


SUBERCASEAUX 


467 


to    disseminate  sound  theories  and  en-  i 
lightened  views  on  the  currency  question 
an  end   that  has  been  still  further  ad- 
vanced by   his  vri tings,   among  which,  I 
in  addition  to  numerous  ai  tides  in    the  I 
press  and  in  Chilean  and  foreign  reviews, 
are:  Estiidios  Economicos ,  El  Papel  Mo- 
neda,    Manual    de    Economia    Politica, 
I^^uevas   oriefitaciones   de   politica   inter- 
nacional  Sud- Americana. 


AND     MONOGRAPHS 


IV 


468 

CHILEANS     OF    TO-DAY 

ALEJANDRO   HUNNEEUS 

Lawyer;  legislator. 

Alejandro  Hunneeus  received  his 
education  at  the  University  in  Santiago 
where  he  read  Law  and  qualified  to 
practise  the  profession  in  which  he  has 
won   a  wide   reputation. 

In  1903  he  entered  political  life  as 
deputy  for  the  Department  of  Ranca- 
gua  for  which  he  has  been  several  times 
re-elected  on  the  Conservative  ticket. 
In  Congress  he  lent  his  active  support  to 
social  legislation,  especially  to  the  pro- 
motion of  laws  for  the  construction  of 
artisan  dwellings  and  for  workmen's 
accident  compensation.  On  various  oc- 
casions he  has  held  office  as  Minister 
of  War  and  Marine,  in  each  instance 
signaJising  his  tenure  by  the  realisation 
of  far-reaching  reforms.  His  work  in  the 

IV 

HISPANIC    NOTES 

HUNNEEUS 

469 

nationalising  of  the  province  of  Tacna 
is  considered  eminently  successful. 

Sr.  Hunneeus  has  always  displayed 
a  keen  interest  in  social  work;  he  is  a 
member  of  the  Board  of  Charities,  of  the 
Foundling  Hospital  and  of  the  Fine 
Arts  Commission. 

To  furthei  the  cause  of  pupular  edu- 
cation he  is  a  constant  supporter  of 
various  establishments,  among  others, 
of  the  Commercial  and  Industrial  In- 
stitute of  Santiago,  of  the  Centra  Cristia- 
no  de  Educacion  and  of  the  schools  of 
St.  Thomas  Aquinas.  He  is  one  of  the 
Directors  of  the  National  Agricultural 
Society  and  is  also  a  member  of  the 
Conservative  Parliamentary  Commit- 
tee. 

i 
1 

AND    MONOGRAPHS 

IV 

1 

470 


CHILEANS     OF    TO-DAY 


AGUSTIN  CANNOBBIO 


Teacher. 


Agustin  Cannobbio  Galdames,  the  j 

son   of   Jose   Candido    Cannobbio    and ! 

Juana    Galdames    Nieto,    was    born    in  • 

San  Felipe  on  the  seventh  of  October,  | 

1876.   He  received   his  early  education  i 

in  the  San  Felipe  School  and  the    Na-  \ 

tional    Institute    of   Santiago  and,   en-  i 

tering    the    Pedagogical    Institute,    ob- 1 

i  tained  the  degree  of  State  Professor  in  j 

J1904.  I 

j      After  his  graduation  he  taught  for  a ! 

I  time  in   the  National   Institute  and  in  I 

the  Military  School.  He  was  a  member 

of    the    Organizing    Committee    of    the 

Pan-American    Congress    of    1910    and 

later  a  member  of  the  Superior  Council 

of  Art  and  Music  .  At  the  present  time 

he   is    Professor    in    the    Barros   Arana 


IV 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


CANNOBBIO 


471 


School  and  in  the  School  of  Application. 
He  is  a  corresponding  member  of  Co- 
lumbia University,  has  been  active  in 
university  extension  in  Chile  and  is  a 
prominent  figure  in  the  Anti-alcoholic 
League. 

Sr.  Cannobbio  is  the  author  of  a 
critical  study  of  the  Chilean  dramatist 
Daniel  Caldera  published  in  the  Revis- 
ta  Nueva;  Refranes  chilenos,  1902;  a 
Ilistoria  de  la  Cancion  Nacional  written 
in  collaboration  with  Anibal  Echeverria 
y  Reyes  and  published  in  Chile  Mo- 
derno;  and  a  Bosquejo  Intelectual  de 
Chile,  published  in  the  work  of  Eduardo 
Poirier,    Chile  en    1908. 


AND     MONOGRAPHS 


IV 


472 

CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 

1 

FERNANDO  SANTIBANEZ 

Writer;  journalist. 

Fernando    Santibanez    Puga,   who 
writes  under  the  pseudonum  of  Fernan- 
do  Santivan,  was  born    in    Arauco  on  | 
the  first  of  July,  1886,  the  son  of  Fer- 
nando Santibanez  de   la  Hoz  and   Cla- 1 
risa  Puga.He  received  his  education  in 
the  National  Institute  which  he  attend- 
ed from  1897  to  1903. 

Handicapped  by  limited  means  which 
his  literary   tastes   tended    to   diminish 
rather  than  increase,  he  was  unable  to : 
continue    his    school    training    beyond 
the   Institute.    Even   during  his   school 
days  he  was  forced  to  devote  a  consider- 
able part  of  his  time  to  correcting  proof 
for  the  daily  paper  La  Union  of  Santiago. 
He  was  later  promoted  to  the  post  of 
news-Editor  and  from  1900  to  1913   was 

IV 

HISPANIC     NOTES 

Fernando  Santibanez. 


S  A  N  T  I  B  A  N  I :  Z 

473 

Editorial    Secretary    of    the    magazine 
Zig-Zag.  In  1914  he  was  Literary  Edit- 
or of  Sucesos  and  .then  transferred    his 
residence  to  Antofagasta  to  assume  the 
management  of  La  Prensa  of  that  city. 
In   1918  he  again  resumed  his  post  of 
Literary  Editor  of  Sucesos. 

He  is  the  authoi  of  Palpitaciones  de 
Vida  (short  stories);  El  Crisol  (a  novel), 
1913;    La    Hechizada,    1916;    (a    novel 
translated   into   German    by   Guillermo 
Deneke),   and   En.  la   Montana    (short 
stories),  1917. 

i 

1        AND     MONOGRAPHS 

IV 

1 

474 


CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 


ANIBAL   PINTO   CRUZ 


Public  official. 


Anibal  Pinto  Cruz,  the  son  of  Anibal 

Pinto   Garmendia,   who  was   President 

of   the   Republic   during   the  war  with 

Peru,   and   Delfina  Ciuz,  was  boin   in 

Concepcion   and   was   educated   at   the 

I  National    Institute    in    Santiago.    Soon 

!  after    completing    his    studies    he    was 

j  appointed  Second  Secretary  of  Legation 

I  at  Washington.  At  a  later  date  he  was 

elected  to  the  Chamber  of  Deputies  and 

served  also  for  a  time  as  clerk  of  the 

House.  During  the  Revolution  of  1891 

i  he  joined  the  Constitutional  forces  and 

with  the  rank  of  Captain  took  part  at 

the  battles  of  Concon  and  Placilla.  He 

was  made  Governor  of  Caupolican  and, 

in  1914,  of  the  Province  of  Valparaiso. 

;  He  is  a  prominent  member  of  the  Libe- 

I  ral  Party. 


IV 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


FORMAS    DE    DAVILA       !     475 


EMMA  FORMAS  DE  DAVILA 

A  rtist. 

Emma  Formas  de  Davila  was  born 
in  the  year  1883  in  the  city  of  Santiago 
nd  there  was  educated  in  the  Sacred  i 
Hearts'   School.  j 

She  had  been  interested  in  ait  from 
her  early  youth,  and  in  1910  her  desire  i 
to  paint  led  her  to  enter  the  School  of' 
Fine  Arts,  where  she  studied  under  Sr.  ; 
Alvarez  de   Sotomayor  and   developed  j 
marked  talent  in  portiaiture.  Her  paint-! 
ings  have  won  commendation  from  con-  I 
petent  critics  and   have  been   awarded 
prizes  in  several  exhibitions:  in  the  Ex-! 
position   of    1910   she   was  given    third 
prize;  in  1915,  second  prize,  and  in  1919 
a  like  honor  for  the  portrait  of  her  hus- 
band, Ricardo  Davila  Silva. 


AND    MONOGRAPHS 


IV 


476 


IV 


CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 


EDUARDO  CASTILLO   VICUNA 

Lawyer;  magistrate. 

Eduardo  Castillo  Vicuna,  the  son 
of  Angel  Castillo  and  Sara  Vicuna,  was 
born  on  the  twenty-seventh  of  May, 
1861,  in  Santiago,  where  he  grew  up, 
was  educated  and  has  passed  his  life. 

After  following  the  usual  courses 
in  the  San  Ignacio  School,  he  entered 
the  University  where  he  read  Law,  and 
subsequently  received  the  title  of  Ad- 
vocate. Meantime  he  had  entered  upon 
those  public  employments  which  have 
continued  to  occupy  him.  When  he  was 
still  a  boy  of  seventeen  he  entered  the 
Treasury  Department  as  Clerk  in  the 
Section  of  Public  Accounts;  from  1883 
to  1889  he  was  Secretary  to  the  Trea- 
surer, and  attorney  to  the  Department; 
from   1888  to  1890  he  was  Deputy  in 


HISPANIC    NOTES 


CASTILLO    VICU5JA  477 


the  National  Congress;  from  1890  to 
1895  he  was  Clerk  of  the  Appellate  Court, 
and  from  1896  to  1902  he  was  Judge 
of  the  Civil  Court  of  Santiago.  In  1903 
he  was  honored  by  the  appointment 
as  Judge  of  the  Appellate  Court,  and 
in  1912  Was  elevated  to  the  post  of  Jus- 
tice of  the  Supreme  Court. 


AND    MONOGRAPHS        I     IV 


478 


CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 


ALEJANDRO  ROSSELOT 

Public  man. 

Alejandro   Rosselot  was  born  on 
the  ninth  of  November,   1860,  in  San- 
tiago,  and  was  educated   there  at   the  j 
National  Institute  which  he  left  in  1879! 
to  join  the  colours  and  serve  in  the  war. 
He  remained  in  the  service  until  1883,  : 
and  took  part  in  the  decisive  battle  of 
Mirafiores  (Jan.  15,   1881). 

He  entered  public  life  in  1906,  when 
he  was  elected  on  a  radical  platform  to 
the  Chamber  of  Deputies,  to  which  he 
has  been  re-elected  for  successive  le- 
gislative periods  up  to  the  present  time. 
In  1912  he  was  appointed  Minister  of 
War,  and  occupied  this  post  from  Jan- 
uary to  May;  in  the  same  year,  in 
January,  he  was  chosen  vice-President 


IV 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


ROSSELOT  479 


of  the  Chamber  of  Deputies,  and  from 
May  1918  to  June  1919.  was  its  Pres- 
ident. 

He  served  also  as  vice-President  and 
President  of  the  Radical  party  during 
1918  and  1919. 


AND     MONOGRAPHS 


IV 


480        CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 


DARIO  SALAS 

Teacher. 

Dario  E.  Salas,  the  son  of  Vicente 
Salas  Reyes  and  Griselda  Diaz  Diaz, 
was  born  in  Imperial  on  the  ninth  of 
May,  1881. 

He  began  his  studies  for  the  teaching 
profession  in  the  Normal  School  of 
Chilian,  and  after  teaching  for  a  time 
in  the  primary  schools,  continued  his 
courses  in  the  Pedagogical  Institute. 
There  he  received  his  title  of  Professor 
of  Spanish  and  French  in  1904.  Wish- 
ing to  continue  his  studies  in  peda- 
gogy, he  went  to  the  United  Sates  and 
entered  New  York  University  obtain- 
ing his  degree  of  Doctor  of  Pedagogy 
in  1907. 

On  his  return  to  Chile  he  was  made 
Professor  of   Languages  and  Pedagogy 


IV     i  HISPANIC     NOTES 


X 


SALAS 


481 


in  the  Normal  Schools  of  Chile.  This  | 
position  he  held  from  1908  to  1911,  and 
was  then  appointed  Professor  of  Ped- 
agogy ^n  both  the  Supeiior  Institute 
of  Physical  Education  and  the  Institute 
of  Commerce.  In  1918  he  resigned  this 
position  in  order  to  accept  that  of  In- 
spector General  of  Primary  Instruction. 
Since  1910  he  has  also  been  Professor  of 
Pedagogy  in  the  Pedagogical  Institute. 
Senor  Salas  has  been  a  promotor  of 
educational  periodicals  and  oiganiza- 
tions:  He  was  at  one  time  vice-Pres- 
ident  and  later  President  of  the  Nation- 
al Society  of  Professors:  from  1910  to 
1914  he  was  Editor  of  the  ^Revista  de 
Instruccion  Primaiia»,  and  in  1915, 
founder  and  editor  of  the  «Revista  de 
Educaci6n  Primaiia».  He  has  pub- 
lished Ediicacion  en  Norte  America, 
Santiago,  1908;  El  Proceso  Educativo, 
a  translation  of  Bagley's  treatise,  San- 
tiago, 1914,  and  El  problema  nacional, 
Santiago,  1917. 


AND     MONOGRAPHS 


IV 


482 


CHILEANS     OF     TO-DAY 


MARCIAL   PLAZA   FERRAND 

Painter. 

Marcial   Plaza    Ferrand,    the   son 

of   Marcial    Plaza   y    Portomarino    and 

Mercedes    Ferrand    de    Santiago    Con- 

,  cha,  was  born  in  the  year  1878  in  San- 

;  tiago  where  he  was  educated  in  the  San 

Agustin  School. 

His  artistic  promise  was  so  marked 
'  that  in  1900  the  government  made  him 
:  a  grant  to  enable  him  to  continue  his 
,  studies  in   Europe.   Sharing  the  enthu- 
siasm of  his  fellow-artists  for  the  French 
School  of  painting,   he  chose  to  study 
I  fn  Paris  where  he  remained  until   1906 
absorbing  the  influence  and  the  methods 
:  of  the  French  painters. 
I      In    1913,   when    the   Spanish    master 
I  Fernando  Alvarez  de  Sotomayor  letir- 
!  ed  from  the  School  of  Fine  Arts,  Plaza 


IV 


HISPANIC    NOTES 


PLAZA     FERRAND  i     483 


Ferrand  was  appointed  to  succeed  him  I 
temporarily.    In   the  following  year  he  | 
returned  to  France  and  has  since  lived 
in   Paris. 

His  principal  field  of  work  has  been 
portraiture  and  here  he  has  won  dis- 
tinction with  a  number  of  notable  can- 
\  ases  among  which  are:  Retrato  de  Don 
Marcial  Plaza  Portomarino,  1899,  which 
won  a  first  gold  medal  in  Chile; 
Retrato  de  M.  Poitevin,  which  received 
honorable  mention  in  the  Paris  Salon; 
La  Femnie  au  Miroir,  which  won  hon- 
orable mention  in  the  Salon  of  French 
Artists,  and  Retrato  de  la  seiiora  Clara 
Lucia  Schlayer  de  Alfonso,  the  wife  of 
Dr.  Paulino  Alfonso,  1913. 


AND     MONOGRAPHS  IV 


484 

CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 

CARLOS  SILVA   COTAPOS 

Writer;  Bishop  of  La  Serena. 

Carlos    Silva    y    P6rez    Cotapos 
was  born  in  Taica  on  the  tenth  of  May, 
1868.  He  received  his  education  in  the 
Talca  Liceo,  in  the  Sacred  Heart  School, 
the    Seminario    de     Santiago    and    the 
University  of  Chile.   In   the   latter   he 
pursued  courses  in  Law  and  in  1890  was 
admitted  to  the  Bar.  In  September  of 
the  following  year  he  took  holy  orders. 

He   began    his   professional   work   in 
1890  as  teacher  of  Canon  Law,  philo- 
sophy and  ecclesiastical  history  in  the 
Seminario  de  Santiago,  a  position  which 
he  held  until  1907.  From  1896  to  1902 
he  was  ecclesiastical  attorney  general. 
Secretary  of  the  Archbishop  from  1902 
to    1914,   Vicar  General   from    1915    to 
1918  and  from  1907  to  1918,  Theological 

IV 

tllSPANIC     NOTES 

1 

■f-  %>a^7t 


(TV^'^ 


c 


SILVA    COTAPOS 

485 

Canon    of    the    Metropolitan    Chapter. 
In  February,  1918.  he  was  made  Bishop 
of  La  Serena  and  holds  this  position  at 
the  present  time. 

In  addition  to  various  texts  on  An- 
cient, Greek,  Roman,  and  Church    His- 
tory he  is  the  author  of  Algunas  errratas 
de  la  Evolucidn  de  la  Historia  d§  D.  Va- 
lentin Letelier,  1901 ;  Nociones  de  Historia 
del  Derecho   Civil,    1904;    Don  Rodrigo 
Gonzalez,  primer  obispo  de  Santiago  de 
Chile,   1913;  Don  Fray  Antonio  de  San 
Miguel,   primer  obispo  de  la   Imperial, 
1914;  Don  Jose  Santiago  Rodriguez  Zo- 
rrilla,  obispo  de  Santiago  de  Chile,  1915; 
Don   Manuel  de  Alday,  obispo  de  San- 
tiago de  Chile,  1917;  and  Monsenor  Ig- 
nacio  Victor  Eyzaguirre,  1918. 

IV 

AND     MONOGRAPHS 

486 

CHILEANS     OF    TO-DA\      1 

1 

MIGUEL    LUIS    RGCUANT 

Poet;  public  official. 

Miguel  Luis  RocuANT,   the  son  of 
Toribio   Rocuant  and   Isabel   Figueroa, 
was  born  m  Valparaiso,  in  the  year  1877. 
His  poetical  gifts,  were  displayed  while 
he  was  still  a  youth  by  the  composition 
of  stirring  patriotic  and    political   odes 
which  he  himsefl  recited,  both  in  bar- 
racks when  a  conscript  and  before  the 
meetings  of  the  Radical  party  to  which 
he  belongs. 

He  was  appointed  Secretary  of  the 
Council  of  Fine  Arts  in  1910  and  served 
efficiciently  in  its  work  of  encouraging 
a  national  literature.  In  1914  he  became 
Departmental    Chief    in    the    National 
Library  and  assistant  Secretary  to    the 
Chilean    Academy    which    corresponds 
to   the   Royal  Spanish  Academy.  Senor 

IV 

HISPANIC     NOTES 

ROCUANT 


487 


Rocuant  has  won  a  creditable  reputa- 
tion as  a  contributor  of  poems  and  litera- 
ry criticism  to  the  periodical  press  of 
Spanish  America  and  of  Spavin. 

He  was  lecently  commissioned  by  his 
government  to  increase  the  knowledge 
of  Chile  and  her  products  in  Argentina, 
Uruguay  and  Brazil.  He  has  published 
the  following  \olumes  of  poems:  Im- 
I  'presiones  'de  Vidd  Militar,  1899;  Brii- ' 
mas\  1902;  Poemas,  190$;  Cenizas  de 
Horizontes,  and  Las  Victorias  Silenciosas; 
also  Don  Manuel  Salds  Ldvaqui^  a  Bib- 
graphy,  1917,  and' critical  essays  on 
painting,  sculpture  and  rhusir:  La  Pa- 
labra:  Los  Liricos  y  hs  Epicos;  La  Luz: 
Tierras  y  Cromos;  La  Lifiea:  Las  Blan- 
curds  Sagradas;  and  La  Nota:  Los  Rit- 
mos  Anunciadores. 


AND     MONOGRAPHS  IV 


488    !     CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 


SOFANOR    PARRA 

Soldier. 

SOFANOR  Parra,  the  son  of  Jose  Luis 
Parra  Sepulveda  and  Narcisa  Hermosilla 
y  Godoy,  was  born  on  the  twentieth  of 
October,  1850,  in  San  Carlos.  He  went 
to  school  at  the  Lyceum  and  the  Semin- 
1  ary  of  Concepcion,  and  later  entered 
the  Military  Academy  as  a  Cadet  in 
1867.  Two  years  later  he  joined  the  army 
as  Ensign  in  the  regiment  of  «Cazado- 
res«,  and  in  1872  saw  his  first  active 
service  in  the  Araucanian  campaign. 

In  1879,  in  the  war  with  Bolivia  and 
Peru,  he  was  present  at  Antofagasta 
during  its  bombardement  by  the  Peru- 
vian monitor  «HuAscar» ;  was  active  in 
the  taking  of  Calama,  and  especially 
distinguished  himself  at  the  battles  of 
Agua  Santa,  San  Francisco,  Chorrillos, 


IV 


HISPANIC    NOTES 


Sofanor  Parra. 


PARRA  I     489 


and  Miraflores,  as  well  as  at  the  siege 
of  Arica.  He  was  entrusted  with  impor- 
tant military  missions  in  the  north  of 
Peru,  and  in  1881  was  appointed  Chief 
of  Staff  in  the  Cafiete  Division  of  the 
Chilean  Army  of  occupation. 

On  his  return  from  the  campaign  he 
was  awarded  the  military  medals,  was 
made  military  attache  to  President  San- 
ta Maria,  and  in  1885  was  promoted 
to  the  rank  of  Lieutenant  Colonel  in  the 
mounted  Grenadiers.  He  took  no  part 
in  the  revolution  of  1891,  and  in  1893 
resigned  from  the  service;  in  1896,  how- 
ever, he  rejoined  it  as  Commander  of  the 
Second  Regiment  of  Cavalry,  finally 
retiring,  owing  to  the  age  limit,  in  1915, 
with  the  rank  of  Major  General. 


AND    MONOGRAPHS 


IV 


490 


IV 


CHILEANS     OF    TO-DAY 


BENITO  REBOLLEDO  CORREA 

Painter. 

Benito  Re^olledo  Correa  was  born 
in  Curico  in  the  year  1881,  of  humble 
parentage. .  Fi;om  an  early,  age  he  was 
obliged  tO:  assist  in  supporting  his  farn- 
ily,  and  began  after  a  brief  schooling,  to 
paint  sigiis  for  a  livelihood,  For  a  tirne 
h^  studied  sculpture  at  the  School  of 
Fine  Arts,  but  soon  gave  this  up  to  de- 
wQt^  himself  entirely  to  painting,-  and,  in 
the  moments  left  frorn  his  studies,  paint- 
ed small  pictures  to  eke  out  his  earnings. 

His  first  work  of  note,  depicting  a 
sordid  scene  of  poverty  and  entitled 
« Without  Bread* ,  was  refused  by  the 
Hanging  Committee  at  the  Annual 
Salon  of  1901  in  Santiago,  but  his  sec- 
ond, embodying  a  protest  against  cap- 


HIS  PANIC     NOTES 


I<  EBOLLEDO    CORREA 


491 


ital  punishment,  was  hung  and  accord- 
ed Honourable  Menjtion. 

Always  impelled  by  the  idea  that  the 
brush  should  be  used  to  inculcate  a  mor- 
al lesson,  he  exhibited  in  the  following 
years,  with  growing  mastery  over  his 
methods  and  inore  liberal  recognition, 
other  canvases,  among  which  the  one 
Degeneration  ,  that  may  well  be  called 
a  pictorial  seinion  against  drunkenness, 
was  awarded  a  Third  Medal  and  stamp- 
ed him  as  an  artist  of  character  and 
imagination. 

In  1907,  for  his  «Humanity»,  an  apo- 
theosis of  maternity,  he  was  awarded  a 
silver  medal,  but  in  the  year  following 
a  canvas  treating  of  the  white  slave 
traffic  was  refused  a  place  by  the  Com- 
mittee. Two  marine  subjects  were  more 
successful;  to  one,  <  Smiles  of  the  Sea», 
was  granted  the  Gold  Medal  at  the  An- 
nual Salon  of  1908,  and  a  second,  «Before 
the  Sea»,  won  a  first  class  medal  at  the 
International  Exhibition  of  1910  and 
attracted    the   attention    of   competent 


AND    MONOGRAPHS 


IV 


492 

CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 

critics  and  artists  as  a  work    of  gieat 
promise.  The  annual  exhibitions  of  Re- 
bolledo's  works  are  now  looked  forward 
to  and  appreciated   by  a  considerable 
number  of  admirers. 

He    has  won  recognition    also   as    a 
teacher  of  art.  In  1915  and  1916  he  was 
Professor  of  Art  in  the  Manuel  Barros 
Borgifio  Lyceum,  and  has  taught  also 
in  other  schools  as  well  as  in  private. 

i 

i 
i 

1 
1 

1 
1 

1 

■ 

1 

IV 

HISPANIC    NOTES 

PUGA     BORNE 


493 


FEDERICO   PUGA   BORNE 

Physician;  writer;  diplomat. 

Federico  Puga  Borne,  the  son  of 
Federlco  Puga  and  Vitalia  Borne,  was 
born  in  1856  at  Chilian.  On  completing 
his  secondary  studies  in  the  National 
Institute,  he  entered  the  Medical  School 
of  the  University  and  gained  his  title 
of  Doctor  in  1879. 

He  began  his  public  career  on  attain- 
ing his  majority  by  winning  in  compet- 
itive examination  the  post  of  assistant 
in  the  National  Museum  whence  in 
1879  he  was  advanced  to  that  of  Profes- 
sor of  Physical  Geography  in  the  Ly- 
ceum and  Director  of  the  Natural  His- 
tory Museum  of  Valparaiso.  During  his 
stay  in  that  city  he  served  likewise  as 
Director  of  the  Museum,  as  Secretary 
of  the  Sanitary  Board,  as  Director  of 


AND    MONOGRAPHS 


494 


CHILEANS     OF    TO-DAY 


the  Elementary  Education  Committee, 
President  of  the  Inspection  of  Pharma- 
cies, and  member  of  the  International 
Fisheries  Commission  held  in  London. 
On  the  outbreak  of  the  war  with  Peru 
and  Bolivia  Dr.  Puga  Borne  joined  the 
surgical  staff,  attended  the  wounded 
at  the  battles  of  Chorrillos  and  Miraflo- 
res,  and  in  the  Arequipa  campaign  of 
1883  was  chief  Surgeon  of  the  expedi- 
^  tionary  forces.  On  his  return  to  Chile  he 
i  was  successful  in  obtaining  in  face 
of  keen  competition  the  chair  of  Legal 
Medicine  and  Hygiene  at  the  University. 
He  enteied  the  Chamber  of  Deputies 
in  the  year  1885  and  was  re-elected  to 
that  body  until  1897  when  he  became 
Senator  for  the  province  of  Nuble ;  he  was 
vice- President  of  the  Senate  in  1901, 
and  was  twice  entrusted  with  the  office 
of  Minister  of  Justice  and  Public  In- 
struction, first  in  1888  and  again  in  i 
.1899.  In  the  latter  year  he  was  also  Min- 
ister of  Foreign  Affairs.  His  diplomatic 
service  extends  over  a  period  of  seven- 


IV 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


PUG  A     BORNi: 


495 


teen  ye^is,  from  1901  to  1918  during 
which  he  ahly  fulfilled  the  duties  of 
Chilean  Minister  to  the  French  Govern- 
ment. 

Dr.  Puga  Borne  has  also  won  a  place 
In  the  field  of  medicine:  he  is  President 
of  the  Chilean  Scientific  Society;  in  1887 
he  was  Delegate  of  the  Chilean  Govern- 
ment to  the  Sanitary  Congress  held  in 
Lima,  and  in  1892  he  founded  «La  Re- 
vista  de  Higiene».  Among  his  more  im- 
portant published  works  are:  El  latro- 
dectus  formidahilis  de  Chile,  1892-6;  I 
Compendio  dc  Medicina  Legal,  1896 
and  Elementos  de  Higiene,  lo91. 


AND    MONOGRAPHS 


IV 


496 


IV 


CHILEANS     OF     TO-DAY 


ERNESTINA    PEREZ 

Physician. 

Ernestina  Perez  Barahona  was 
born  in  Valparaiso  in  1868.  She  received 
her  secondary  instruction  in  the  Lebrun 
Pinochet  School  and  from  private  in- 
structors, passed  the  examinations  and 
won  the  degree  of  Bachelor  of  Letters 
in  1883.  In  the  same  year  she  began  the 
study  of  medicine.  During  her  caree.  as 
a  student  she  received  first  prize  in  Des- 
criptive Anatomy,  First  Prize  in  Hygiene^ 
Second  Prize  in  Surgery,  Second  Prize 
at  the  Exposition  of  1884  for  her  ana- 
tomical preparations  and  attained  dis- 
tinction in  Pathological  Anatomy.  In 
January  1887  she  received  her  title  of 
Physician  and  Surgeon  and  in  the  same 
year  entered  a  competition  for  Govern- 
ment Scholarships  to  Europe.  Nineteen 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


PEREZ     BARAHONA               497 

candidates  presented  themselves  and 
three  were  to  be  chosen.  Doctora  Perez, 
then  only  eighteen  years  of  age,  had  the 
distinction  of  being  one  of  the  three  suc- 
cessful contestants. 

In  1888  she  arrived  in  Beilin  and  there 
she  had  the  honor  of  being  the  first  Ame- 
rican woman  to  enter  the  Frederick 
Wilhelm  Univeisity.  There  she  studied 
surgery  with  Doctors  Theodor  and  Leo- 
pold Landau  and  Micrography  with 
Dr.  Chiemin.  After  two  years  of  study 
in  Berlin  she  received  a  certificate  of 
merit  from  Professor  Olshausen,  went 
on  to  Paris  to  continue  her  work  and 
remained  there  two  years  studying  under 
the  direction  of  Professors  Budin  and 
Auvard. 

On  her  return  to  Chile  she  took  up 
the  practice  of  her  profession  and  soon 
won  for  herself  the  reputation  of  a  skill- 
ful practitioner.  In  1904  she  attended 
the  Latin-American  Congress  where 
she  presented  a  study  entitled  Prepara- 
ci6n  de  la  anatomia  del  crdneo  and  a  paper 

AND    MONOGRAPHS 

IV 

498 

CHILjEANS    OF    TO-DAY 

1 

i 

i 
1 

! 
! 

on  the  hygiene  of  the  corset.  In  1910  she 
made  another  visit  to  Europe  and  while 
in  Leipzig  pubHshed  her  book  Compen- 
dio  de  Ginecologia  with   a    prologue  by 
Dr.  Leopoldo  Landau.  On  this  visit  to 
Europe  she  brought  from  Chile  certain 
anatomical  preparations  which  had  the 
honor  of  being  placed  in  the    F'riedrichs- 
bam  Medical  jyiuseurn.  While  in  Ger- 
many she   also   had   the  distinction   of 
being   appointed   honorary   member   of 
the  Medical  Academy  of  Beilin. 

i 

IV 

HLSPANIC     NOTES 

RODRIGUEZ     MENDOZA 


499 


CMILIO  R()DRIGUF:Z  MENDOZA 


Diplomat;  journalist;  author. 


Emilio  Rodriguez  Mendoza,  the  son  j 
of  Javier  Rodriguez  and  Olegaria  Men-  j 
doza,  was  born  in  the  year  1873  in  the 
city  of  Valparaiso,  but  received  his  educ- 
ation in  Santiago  where  he  attended  the 
National  Institute  and  later  studied  in 
the  well  known  school  of  the  Augus- 
tinian  Fatheis.  The  strong  inclination 
which  he  felt  toward  journalism  and 
literature  prevented  his  pursuing  any 
professional  course  and  immediately 
on  leaving  school  in  1893  he  joined 
with  a  group  of  young  Bohemians  of 
letters  in  founding  a  review  called 
Ano  Literario  in  which  the  young 
rebel  attacked  the  prevailing  and 
conventional  ideas  of  literature  and 
supported  the  modernist  tendencies  then 


AND     MONOGRAPHS 


IV 


500 


CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 


IV 


spreading  in  France.  He  joined  like- 
wise the  Club  del  Progreso  in  which  he 
continued,  by  means  of  lectures  and 
speeches,  his  canmpaign  of  propaganda 
for  the  new  and  revolutionary  ideas. 

His  life  as  a  journalist  was  full  of 
change  and  action.  In  1894  when  the 
daily  paper  La  Ley  was  founded,  he 
took  charge  of  the  section  dealing  with 
Congress  and  began  to  write  his  Sema- 
nas  de  A.  de  Gery  which  attracted  much 
attention  for  their  spirited  and  viva- 
cious style.  At  the  same  time  he  was 
writing  under  the  pseudonym  Juan  Gil 
articles  of  a  polemical  type  and  under 
that  of  Garrick  articles  of  dramatic  cri- 
ticism. In  the  following  year  he  joined 
the  staff  of  La  Libertad  Electoral,  but 
for  a  year  only  and  in  1896  returned  to 
La  Ley  where  he  wrote,  under  the  nom 
de  plume  Fray  Candil,  a  section  entitled 
Plato  del  Via,  marked  by  audacity  and 
wit.  His  contributions  to  social  criti- 
cism, at  this  t^me  written  under  the  nom 
de  plume  Mister  Quidam  and  Don  Ca- 


HISPANIC    NOTES 


RODRIGUEZ    MENDOZA 


501 


price,  were  widely  read  and  noted  in  all 
reading  circles.  In  1897  he  joined  the 
staff  of  «La  Tarde*  to  which  he  contri- 
buted a  series  of  histoiical  articles  under 
the  title  La  Bandera  de  la  P atria  Vieja 
which  attracted  much  attention. 

A  little  later  he  made  another  change, 
going  to  La  Alianza  Liberal  in  which  he 
j  proclaimed  his  conversion  from  radical 
ism  to  democratic  liberalism  and  in  1901 
he  went  a  step  further    and  threw  his 
energies  into   the  campaign   for  Pedro 
Montt   for    President,    supporting   him 
vigorously  in  the  columns  of  «La    Nue- 
va  Republican   On  the  defeat  of  Senor 
Montt,  Rodriguez   Mendoza  continued 
his  meteoric  journalistic  career,  Wiitingi 
successively    in    «E1    Ferrocarril » /    «E1  j 
Mercurio»   and   «Pluma  y  L4piz»,  and! 
in  1901  he  removed  to  Tacna  to  take  ; 
chaige  of  the  official  Chilean  organ  «E1 
Pacifico».  I 

There  his  journalistic  career  may  be  j 
said  to  cease,  for  thereafter  he  gave  him- ' 
self  to  diplomatic  labors  and  served  as 


AND    MONOGRAPHS 


IV 


502 


IV 


CHILEANS     OF    TO-DAY 


Secretary  of  Legation  in  Montevideo 
(1904-08),  in  Bogota,  (1908-10),  and 
in  La  JPa'z  (1917-). 

Rodriguez  Mendoza  has  not  only  made 
I  for  himself  a  reputation  in  the  field  of 
j  journalism  but  has  produced  substan- 
tial works  which  have  merited  serious 
consideration.  Among  his  books  are: 
Gotas  de  Absintio,  Santiago,  1895  (a 
collection  of  newspaper  articles) ;  En  la 
Manigua,  Santiago,  1900;  Cronica  de  la 
Revolucion  de  1891,  Santiago,  1892; 
Vida  Nueva,  Ssinti'dgo,  1902;  Reminis- 
cencias  liter  arias,  Santiago,  1902;  Dias 
romanos,  Santiago,  1906;  Ultima  Espe- 
ranza,  Santiago,  1905;  Cuesta  arriba, 
Paris,  1910,  and  Santa  Colonia,  Santia- 
go, 1917. 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


SILVA    CRUZ 


503 


CARLOS    SILVA    CRUZ 

.1  uthor;  public  official. 

Carlos  Silya  Cruz  the  son  of  Rai- 
mundo  SilvL  Latorre  and^Escilda  de  la 
Cruz  Bravo  de  Naveda,  was  born  on  the 
second  of  March,  1972,  in  Santiago  and 
was  educated  there  at  the  Seminary, 
the  San  Pedro  Nolasco  school,  and  the 
University.  In  1888  he  received  his  de- 
s^ree  of  Bachelor  of  Letters^  in  1895  he 
won  his  Licentiate's  degree,  and  two 
yea  IS  later  wa^  received  in  the  Courts 
as  Advocate.  For  a  time  he  taught  Span- 
ish in  the  Lyceum,  and  Literature  in 
the  National  Institute.  In  1901  he  was 
appointed  a  member  of  the  Chilean  Com- 
rnission  to  the  Pan-American  Expos- 
ition held  in  that  year  at  Buffalo,  and 
remained  in. the  United  States  until  1093, 
making  a  report  on  the  American 
educational  system.      . 


AND    MONOGRAPHS 


IV 


504 


CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 


IV 


On  his  return  to  Chile  he  became 
Departmental  Chief  and  afterwards  Sub- 
Secretaiy  in  the  Ministry  of  Public  In- 
stiuction.  In  1911  Sefior  Silva  Cruz  le- 
reived  the  appointment  which  he  still 
holds  of  Director  of  the  National  li- 
brary  in  whose  working  he  has  success- 
fully introduced  some  welcome  reforms. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  Ateneo  of  San- 
tiago; of  the  Educational,  Scientific, 
and  Historical  Societies  of  Chile,  and 
in  1915  was  Piesident  of  the  University 
Extension  Society.  Foi  many  yeais  he 
has  been  a  contributor  to  the  peiiodical 
press  and  to  «E1  Mercurio»  for  which 
he  has  acted  as  musical  critic. 

He  is  the  author  of  many  pamphlets 
on  educational  matters  among  which  are : 
La  Interdiccion  de  Ehriedad  Habitual, 
1895;  Un  Gran  Ejemplo,  {sobre  educacion 
en  los  Estados  Unidos),  1903;  La  Uniofi 
Bibliogrdfica  Pan- Americana,  1915;  La 
Cultura  Musical  en  Chile,  1915;  Resumen 
del  Movimiento  de  la  Biblioteca  Nacional, 
1916,  Los  Ministerios   Tecnicos,  1919. 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


SWINBURN  505 


ENRIQUE  SWINBURN 

Landscape  painter. 

Enrique  Swinburn,  the  son  of  Char- 
les Swinburn  a  well  known  British  resi- 
dent in  Chile,  was  born  in  1859  in  San- 
tiago and  was  educated  partly  in  Val- 
paraiso and  partly  in  his  native  city 
where  he  entered  the  University  and 
studied  for  a  time  in  the  Faculty  of  Ma- 
thematics and  Sciences.  This  course  he 
soon  relinquished  for  the  literary  and 
artistic  work  of  his  choice  to  which  he 
devoted  himself  with  assiduity.  He  | 
contributed  essays  on  matters  of  art  to  | 
the  newspaper  «E1  Feiiocarril->  and 
under  the  competent  instruction  of  Sr. 
Onofre  Jarpa  began  to  paint  with  so 
much  success  that  in  1882  he  won  a  first 
class  medal  for  a  picture  in  the  Contin- 
ental Exhibition  held  in  Buenos  Aires. 


AND     MONOGRAPHS 


VI 


506 


IV 


CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 


After  acting  for  some  time  as  private 
secVetary  to  Benjamin  Vicuna  Macken- 
na  and  assisting  as  teacher  of  drawing 
in  the  National  Institute,  he  abandoned 
the  city  and  devoted  himself  for  seven 
years  to  his  properties  in  the  country, 
still  contributing  his  lan§dcape  work 
with  success  to  exhibitions  both  at  home 
and  abroad.  He  has  won  many  honors 
in  Santiago,  and  in  1889  he  received 
an  Honourable  Mention  for  one  of  his 
canvases  at  the  Exposition  Universelle 
in   Paris. 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


Raul  Ramirez. 


RAMIREZ    J. 


507 


RAUL  RAMIREZ  J. 


Teacher. 


Rall  Ramirez  J.  the  son  of  Jos6  de 
la  Cruz  Ramirez  ^as  born  in  Talca  on 
the  twenty  fourth  of  October,  1887. 
"\Al^hen  he  was  very  young  his  family  mov- 

(l  to  Rengo  and  there  he  received  his 
early  education.  At  the  age  of  fifteen 
he  was  sent  to  Santiago  to  continue  his 

tudies.  He  entered  the  National  In- 
stitute, won  his  degree  of  Bachelor  of 
Letters  in  1905,  passed  to  the  Pedago- 
gical Institute,  specialized  in  English 
under  the  instruction  of  Dr.  Rodolfo 
Lenz  and  in  1907  obtained  his  title  of 
State  Professor. 

The  following  yeat  he  was  appoint- 
ed Professor  of  English  in  the  School 
of  Application  and  in  the  same  year  was 
made  a  member  of  the  English  Section 


AND    MONOGRAPHS 


IV 


508 

CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 

of  the  University  Examining  Commit- 
tee. In  1909  he  was  appointed  Profes- 
sor in  the  Santiago  Superior  Institute 
of  Commerce,  and,  on    the  nomina1;ion 
of  Dr.  Lenz  was  made  Assistant  Profes- 
sor of  English  in    the    Pedagogical  In- 
stitute. During  this  period  he  also  found 
time  to  edit  the  «Revista  Pedag6gica» ' 
published    by    the  Association   of  Na- 
tional Education.  In  1910  he  was  ap- 
pointed Inspector  General  in  the  School 
of  Application;  in  1912  he  was  commis- 
sioned to  go  abroad  for  further  training 
and  went  to  England,  entered  University 
College,   London,   and   pursued  courses 
in  the  Faculty  of  Liberal  Arts  until  1914, 
when  he  returned  to  Chile  to  resume  his 
position   in    the   School  of  Application. 
In  the  same  year  he  was  re-appointed 
State    Examiner    and    soon    afterwards 
recceived    the   appointment   of  Profes- 
sor of  English  in  the  Pedagogical  Ins- 
titute. In  1919  he  was  a  member  of  the 
commission    to    study    the    system    of 
Secondary  Education  in  Chile  and  pro- 

IV 

HISPANIC     NOTES 

RAMIREZ    J. 

509 

pese  reforms.    In   the   recent  exchange 
of   professors    between    the    University 
of  California  and  the  University  of  Chile 
Senor  Ramirez  had  the  honor  of  receiv- 
eng  the  first  appointment  from  Chile. 

He  is  the  author  of  many  articles  on 
education    published    in    the    «Revista 
Pedag6gica»  and  of  the  following  books: 
La  fonetica  aplicada  al  esticdio  de  las  len- 
guas   extranjeras,   Santiago,    1915,    and 
First  Steps   in  Literature,  (2  vols),  San- 
tiago, 1919. 

AND     MONOGRAPHS 

IV 

510 


CHILEANS     OF    TO-DAY 


MANUEL  SALAS  LAVAOUI 

Author;  lawyer;  public 
official;  teacher. 

Manuel  Salas  Lavaqui,  the  son  of 
!  Pablo  Salas  Bello  and  Mercedes  Lavaqui 
I  Ureta,  was  born  on  the  eighteenth  of  De- 
cember of  1856  in  Santiago  and  there 
received  his  education  in  the  National 
Institute  and  the  Univeisity,  where  he 
studied  Law  and  in  1880  won  his  title 
of  Advocate.  In  his  thesis  for  the  degree 
in  law  he  made  a  contribution  towards 
elucidating  the  maritime  laws  as  to  cap- 
tures and  prizes  at  sea;  the  essay  was 
published  and  is  still  used  as  a  text  book. 
In  1874  he  was  Professor  of  Geography 
and  History,  and  afterwards  of  Spanish 
Grammar  in  the  National  Institute. 
In  1886  he  passed  to  the  University  with 
an  appointment  to  the  chair  of  the  Phi- 
losophy of  Law.  Sefior  Salas'  teaching 


IV 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


SALAS    LAVAQUl  511 


of  this  subject  was  marked  by  vigor 
and  a  fresh  point  of  view  which  related 
the  law  to  modern  science  and  sociology. 

He  entered  th?  Administrative  ser- 
vice in  1880  as  Departmental  chief  in  the 
Ministry  of  Marine  of  which  post  he 
fulfilled  the  duties  duiing  the  War  with 
Peru  and  Bolivia.  In  1887  he  was  pro- 
moted to  be  Assistant-Secretary  in  the 
same  Ministry,  and  there  remained  till 
in  1891  he  was  appointed  to  the  coun- 
cil of  the  Caji  Hipo tec  aria. 

During    the     revolution    of    1891    he 
sided    with    President    Balmaceda    and 
entered   Congress   as   Deputy   for  Va:l- 
p?raiso,  but  on  the  fall  of  the  govern-  i 
ment  was  obliged  to  seek  refuge  in  Eur- 
ope.  On  his  letuin  in  1895  after  thr^ 
years'  absence  he  followed  foi  a  while,  I 
and  with  success,  the  practice  of  his  pro-  ] 
fession  and  did  not  again  enter  public  | 
life    until    1903,    when    he   was   elected  | 
Depucy  for  Santiago;  he  was  rer-elected  ! 
in    1906  and  again   in    1915  for  the  de- 
partment of  Talcahuano.  As  a  member 


AND     MONOGRAPHS  IV 


512 


CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 


IV 


of  the  Commission  sent  to  the  northern 
provinces  to  investigate  the  economic 
conditions  there  prevaiHng  he  did  useful 
work  and  published  the  results  of  his 
inquiry  in  an  extensive  volume.  In  1903 
he  was  responsible  for  the  law  which 
bears  his  name  designed  to  promote 
the   construction    of   artisan    dwellings. 

As  Minister  of  Justice  and  Public 
Instruction  in  1906  he  effected  many 
salutary  reforms  especially  in  the  ma- 
nagement of  technical  and  industrial 
schools.  From  1904  to  1919  he  served 
continuously  on  the  Council  of  Public 
Instruction.  Since  1907  he  has  been 
a  membei  of  the  Faculty  of  Philosophy 
and  Arts,  and  in  1910  was  named  cor- 
responding member  of  the  Royal  Span- 
ish Academy. 

Besides  many  articles,  pamphlets, 
and  contributions  to  «La  Republican 
and  «E1  Ferrocarril»,  of  which  in  1911 
he  was  editor,  he  has  published  Obser- 
vaciones  sohre  la  Ortoografia  Castellana, 
Santiago,    1885. 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


¥ 


Nathanael  Yanez  Silva. 


YANEZ    silva 


NATHANAEL   YAREZ   SILVA 


Critic;  dramatic  author. 


513 


Nathanael  YAnez  Silva,  the  son  j 
of  Nathahael  Ykhez  y  Molina  and  Rosa 
Silva  y  Elizondo,  was  born  on  the  nine- 
teenth of  September,  1884,  in  Santia- 
go and  was  educated  in  the  St.  Thomas 
Aquinas  School. 

From  his  youth  he  was  devoted  to 
literary  pursuits.  In  1906  he  became 
dramatic  critic  of  the  Diario  Ilustrado 
and  there  he  has  continued  ever  since, 
meantime  laboring  for  the  development 
of  a  genuine  national  drama  and  aiding 
in  the  organization  of  companies  formed 
wholly  of  Chilean  actors.  Since  1906  he 
has  been  President  of  the  Society  of 
Authors. 

He  has  written  novels  as  well  as  plays: 
.,'  among  the  former  are  Ocaso,  Santiago, 


AND     MONOGRAPHS 


IV 


514 


CHILEANS     OF     TO-DAY 


I  1911  and  Musa  Cruel,  Santiago,  1919 
I  both  of  which  were  awarded  prizes  by 
the  Council  of  Letters  and  Fine  Arts. 
He  has  written  many  comedies  among 
which  the  more  notable  are:  Los  viejos 
violines,  1908;  Humo  dorado,  1911;  El 
huracdn,  1916;  Con  permiso  de  don  Juan 
\Luis,  1914,  an  adaptation  from  the 
Spanish  which  has  been  highly  popular 
and  has  brought  its  author  great 
reputation. 


IV 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


AGLE     MORENO  I     515 


ENRIQUE    TAGLE    MORENO 

Journalist. 

Enrique  Tagle  Moki:.vo,  the  son 
of  Lieutenant  Colonel  Tagle  Castro 
and  Maria  M(jreno  y  Carrera,  a  Peru- 
vian lady,  was  bom  at  the  Chilean  mi- 
litary' camp  in  Chorrillos,  during  the  war 
with  Peru,  in  1883.  He  was  educated 
at  Valparaiso  in  the  school  ol  the  French 
Fathers  whence  he  proceeded  to  the 
University,  received  his  degree  of  Ba- 
chelor of  Letteis  in  1900,  and  com- 
menced his  studies  for  the  legal  profes- 
sion. These,  however,  owing  to  his  enter- 
ing on  a  journalistic  caree':,  were  sus- 
pended so  that  he  did  not  obtain  his 
title  of  Advocate  until  191 7\ 

His  first  appointment  was  with  El 
Mercurio  which,  established  in  Valpa- 
raiso in   1827,  inaugurated  its  Santiago 


AND    MONOGRAPHS 


IV 


516 


CHILEANS     OF    TO-DAY 


IV 


edition  in  1908.  With  this  newspaper  he 
occupied  posts  for  several  years  on 
the  editorial  staff.  In  1905  he  helped  to 
found  the  populai  weekly  magazine 
Zig-Zag;  in  1907  he  became  editor  of 
La  Epoca;  in  1909  he  joined  the  staff 
of  La  Manana,  and  in  1912  was  appoint- 
ed its  general  editor. 

In  association  with  Senators  Eliodoro 
Yknez,  Augusto  Bruna,  Abraham  Ga- 
tica  and  Alfredo  Escobar,  he  established 
in  1917  the  important  daily  newspaper 
La  Nacion  of  which  he  is  still  managing 
editoi.  His  articles  signed  with  the  nom 
de  plume  of  Victor  Noir  are  well  known 
in  the  periodical  press  of  South  America. 

From  1908  until  1912  he  was  clerk  of 
sessions  to  the  Chamber  of  Deputies 
and  in  1913  was  appointed  to  the  post 
of  General  Secretary  of  Committees 
in  that  House. 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


ROLDAN 


517  * 


ALCIBIADES     ROLDAN 

Advocate;  writer. 

Alcibiades  Roldan  was  born  at  San 
Fernando  in  1860.  After  receiving  his 
primar>^  education  in  his  native  town 
he  entered  the  University  in  Santiago 
where  he  was  conspicuously  successful 
as  a  student  in  the  Faculty  of  Law  and 
was  admitted  to  the  Bar  in  188L  He 
has  won  a  wide  reputation  in  his  pro- 
fession, especially  upon  matters  of 
constitutional  law,  but  in  addition  acts 
also  as  legal  adviser  and  commercial 
lepresentative  in  Chile  of  the  great 
French  firm  of  Schneider  &  Co,,  of 
Le  Creusot.  He  is  actively  interested 
in  politics  and  between  1884  and  1900 
was  twice  elected  to  Congress  for  the 
Department  of  Pisagua. 


AND    MONOGRAPHS  IV 


518 


CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 

In  1919  he  served  as  Ministei  of  Jus- 
tice and  Public  Instruction. 

As  a  writer  he  is  favourable  known 
by  the  following  works:  Primeras  Asam- 
hleas  Nacionales,  1890;  Desacuerdos  en- 
tre  O'lliggins  y  el  Senado;  and  Derecho 
Constitucional  de  Chile,  1914.  He  is  Pro- 
fessor of  Constitutional  Law  in  the 
University  of  Chile. 


IV 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


« 


..^A^^^^^^C^^e.....^ 


H  U  I  D  O  B  R  O 


519 


ALAMIRO     HUIDOBRO 

Lawyer;  teacher. 

Alamiro  Huidobro,  the  son  of  Jose 
Ignacio  Huidobro  and  Clarisa  Valdes, 
was  born  in  1870  in  Santiago  and  there 
was  educated  in  the  School  of  the  French 
Fathers,  the  National  Institute  and  the 
University  which  he  entered  with  the 
degree  of  Bachelor  of  Letters,  read  Law 
and  in  1890  was  granted  his  degree  of 
Licenciate.  In  1891  he  was  admitted 
to  the  Bar.  In  1892  he  was  appointed 
Secretary  to  the  Governor  of  Valparaiso, 
I  a  post  which  he  held  for  three  years 
i  and  during  the  latter  part  of  the  period 
served  also  as  substitute-Governor.  Dur- 
ing the  same  period  he  was  Professor 
of  Administrative  Law  in  the  Law  School 
and  Director  of  a  private  school  in  Val- 
paraivso. 


AND    MONOGRAPHS 


IV 


520 


CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 


In  1895  he  was  made  Recorder  in  the 
Controller's  office  of  the  Treasury,  sub- 
sequently becoming  Minister  of  Fi- 
nance, and  in  1909,  Head  of  the  Treasury 
Department.  In  connection  with  this 
office  he  fulfilled  several  important  mis- 
sions, among  others  that  of  arranging 
the  political  differences  arising  out  of 
the  Presidential  election  of  1915  in  the. 
Province  of  ChiIo6.  j 

From  1895  to  1911  he  taught  Inter- 
ternational  Law  in  the  University. 
From  November  1916  to  July  1917  he 
was  Minis tei  of  Foieign  Affairs  to  which 
post  he  was  again  called  in  1919.  His 
writings  are  known  through  the  med- 
ium of  the  Revista  de  Chile  with  which 
he  was  associated  from  1896  to  1899. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  Faculty  of  Law 
and  Political  Science. 


IV 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


NOGUERA 


FRANCISCO    NOGUERA 

Lawyer;  teacher;  publicist. 

Francisco  Noguera  Opazo,  the  son 
of  Doctor  Joaquin  Noguera,  a  Spanish 
subject,  and  Pilar  Opazo,  was  born  in 
1853  at  Santiago.  He  received  his  early 
education  at  the  National  Institute 
and  afterwards  studied  Law  in  the  Uni- 
veisities  of  Montevideo  and  Santia- 
go until  in  1878  he  was  admitted  to 
the  Bar. 

In  1879  he  was  appointed  vice-Rec- 
tor of  the  National  Institute  and  soon 
afterwards.  Chief  of  the  Diplomatic 
Department  in  the  Ministry  of  Foreign 
Affairs.  In  1888  he  was  Secretary  of  the 
Chilean  delegation  to  the  Congress  of 
International  Law  in  Montevideo.  Dur- 
ing the  following  year,  in  collaboration 
with  Osvaldo  Rengifo,  Leopoldo  Urru- 


521 


AND    MONOGRAPHS 


IV 


522 

CHILEANS     OF    TO-DAY 

tia,  and  Raimundo  Silva  Cruz,  he  was 
engaged  on   the  revision  of  the    Code 
of  Procedure  for  the  Civil  Courts  and  in 
the    same    year  was    appointed   to   the 
professorship   of  PoHtical    Economy   in 
the  University  of  Chile  which   he  still 
holds. 

He    has    published    numerous    essays 
on     economic     subjects,    among   which 
La  Crisis  del  papel  moneda,  written  in 
1898,    aroused   considerable   interest   in 
financial    circles.    Other    essays    of    his 
are:  Montt  y  Varas,  1904;  and  Antonio] 
Varas,  Jundador  de  las  institiiciones  hi- 
potecarias  y  de  ahorro  en  Chile,  1917. 

■ 

i    .v 

HISPANIC     NOTES 

AGUlRRfc:     CERDA  523 


PEDRO  AGUIRRE  CERDA 

Ediicalionalist:  public  man. 

Pkdro  A(tI  ikrk  Lkkda,    the  son  of  j 
Juan  Bautista  Aguirre  and  Clarisa  Cei- 1 
da,  was  born  on  the  sixth  of  February,  | 
1879,    in    Los   Andes.    He    received    his; 
education  in  his  native  town  and  after- 1 
wards   at    the    Lyceum    in    San    Felipe } 
whence  in  1898  he    passed  to  the  Uni- 1 
versity,  received  his  degree  of  Bachelor! 
of  Letters  and  began  the  study  of  Law  ' 
and    Pedagogics.    In    1900   he    obtained 
his  title  of  government  teacher,  present- 
ing for  his  final  examination  an  essay 
on  the    development  of  secondary  educ- 
ation in  Chile.  In  the  year  1902  he  held 
the  appointment  of  Professor  of  Spanish 
and   Civic   Instruction   at   the   Lyceum 
Barros   Borgono   and    in    the    following ' 
year  at  the  National  Institute.  i 

AND     MONOGRAPHS  IV 


524 


IV 


CHILEANS     OF     TO-DAY 


In  1904  he  was  admitted  to  the  Bar- 
In  1910  he  was  sent  by  his  government 
to  follow  up  his  studies  in  Europe  and 
for  two  years  took  special  courses  in 
administrative  law  and  social  science 
at  the  College  de  France  and  the  Ecole 
de  Droit  in  Paris.  His  entry  into  politic- 
al life  dates  from  1915  when  he  was 
elected  Deputy  for  Los  Andes,  and  at 
the  end  of  the  legislative  period  in  1918 
he  was  re-elected  for  Santiago  until 
the  year  1921.  In  the  Amunategui-Pe- 
reira  Cabinet  in  1918  and  again  in  the 
Alesssandri-Feliu  government  he  held 
the  post  of  Minister  of  Justice  and 
Public   Instruction. 

In  1919  he  was  sent  to  the  United 
States  as  Financial  Councillor  to  the 
Embassy  and  with  a  commission  to 
investigate  the  subject  of  industrial 
education. 

Sr.  Aguirre  Cerda  is  a  frequent  con- 
tributor to  the  daily  press  on  questions 
of  finance  and  education. 


HISPANIC    NOTES 


TOCORNAL 

525 

JUAN    ENRIQUE    TOCORNAL 

Public  man. 

!     Juan    Enrique   Tocornal,    the   son 
of  Manuel  Tom^s  Tocornal  and  Caro- 
lina  Dousther,   was   born   on    the   fifth 
of  April,    1865,   in   Santiago   where   he 
^  received  his  early  education  in  the  San 
Ignacio    schools    and    after    a    brilliant 
course  of  studies  at  the  University  was 
admitted  to  the  Bar  in  1886. 

In  1887  he  was  appointed  Secretary 
to  the  Bank  of  Chile,  a  post  which  he 
held  until  1891,  in  which  year  he  entered 
political  life  on  his  election  to  the  Cham- 
!  ber   of    Deputies    for    the  Departments 
!  of   Bulnes   and   Yungay.    For   this   dis- 
'  trict  he  was  re-elected  in  1893  but  on 
1  the  termination  of  the  electoral  period 
voluntarily  withdrew  from    Parliamen- 
tary life.  In  1897,  during  the  Presidency 

AND     MONOGRAPHS 

IV 

526 


IV 


CHILEANS     OF     T  0-D  A  Y 


of  Errazuriz  Echaurren,  he  accepted 
office  as  Minister  of  Foreign  Affairs 
and  again  held  the  same  post  in  1916 
during  the  administration  of  Presi- 
dent Sanfuentes.  In  1919,  together  with 
Seiiores  EHodoro  Yaiiez  and  Augusto 
Villanueva,  he  was  entrusted  with  a 
government  mission  of  a  commercial 
character  to  the  United  States  and  sev- 
eral European  countries. 

His  articles  in  the  daily  press  on 
economic  and  political  questions  have 
been  widely  appreciated. 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


f-o{ji   ^^^trt^uui^-^^ 


BARI 


JOSH   MARIA   BARI 

Soldier. 

Jose  Maria  Bari  y  Lopehandia 
was  born  at  Los  Andes  on  the  second 
of  August,  1861.  As  soon  as  his  educa- 
tion was  completed  in  1880  he  joined 
the  army  and  took  part  in  many  of  the 
more  important  actions  of  the  war  with 
Peru,  including  the  decisive  battles  of 
Chorrillos  and  Miraflores  in  January 
1881.  Two  years  later  he  was  attach- 
ed to  Colonel  Arriagada's  division  in 
the  final  actions  of  the  war  against  the 
forces  of  General  Caceres. 

During  the  revolution  of  1891  he 
adhered  to  the  Constitutional  side  and 
was  present  at  the  defeat  of  President 
Balmaceda's  army  in  the  battles  of  Con- 
c6n  and  Placilla. 

He   has    been  entrusted    with    many 


AND    MONOGRAPHS 


528 

CHILEANS     OF     TO-DAY 

^ 

piilitary  commissions  of  importance 
both  at  home  and  abroad:  in  1897  he 
was  chosen  to  report  on  the  port  defen- 
ces of  Valparaiso  and  Talcahuano;  in 
1906  he  was  Secretary  of  the  MiHtary 
mission  sent  to  Europe  where  in  1909 
he  was  entrusted  with  the  acquisition 
of  new  artillery;  on  the  occasion  of  the 
Argentina  Centenary  celebrations  of 
1910  he  was  a  member  of  the  delega- 
tion sent  by  the  Chilean  Government 
to  Buenos  Aires  and  in  the  same  year 
accompanied  President  Montt  on  his 
journey  to  Europe.  In  1912  he  was  com- 
missioned to  visit  the  United  States  to 
study  the  progress  and  organisation 
of  coast  defence. 

He  was  made  General  of  Division 
in  May,  1916,  and  since  1919  has  held 
the  post  of  chief  of  the  War  Depart- 
ment. 

He  has  been  awarded  honours  both 
by  his  own  and  by  foreign  governments. 

In  1915  he  was  elected  Councillor  of 
State. 

IV 

HISPANIC    NOTES 

VALENZUELA 


529 


P.    ARMP:NG0L  VALENZUELA 

Bishop;  scholar. 

Pedro  Armengol  Valenzueia,  the 
son  of  Ignacio  Valenzueia  and  Maria 
de  las  Nieves  Poblete,  was  born  in  Coi- 
giie,  a  village  in  the  district  of  Gualleco, 
on  the  fourth  of  July,  1843.  He  had  his 
early  schooling  in  the  house  of  the  parish 
priest  Jose  Eli'as  Letelier,  but  in  1859, 
when  he  was  sixteen  he  moved  to  San- 
tiago, entered  the  Convent  of  the  Order 
of  the  Merced  and  two  years  later  took 
the  vows  of  the  order. 

Soon  after  he  was  ordained  he  was 
appointed  Librarian  of  the  convent  and 
from  that  time  devoted  himself  to  ec- 
clesiastical scholarship.  His  zeal  led 
him  to  the  study  of  languages  of  which 
he  mastered  Latin,  Greek,  French,  Eng- 
lish, Italian,  Portuguese,  German,  He- 
brew, Syriac  and  Arabic. 


AND    MONOGRAPHS 


IV 


530 


CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 


IV 


In  1870  he  journeyed  to  Rome  to 
extend  his  scholarly  acquisitions.  There 
he  studied  Canon  Law,  chemistiy, 
physics,  natural  history  and  mathe- 
matics and  before  returning  to  Chile 
visited  Austria,  Germany,  France,  Eng- 
land, Spain,  Portugal  and  the  United 
States. 

In  1873  he  was  commissioned  as  ec- 
clesistical  secretary-Director  of  the  Or- 
der of  the  Merced  in  Ecuador.  Thence 
he  made  a  second  visit  to  Europe  and 
a  little  later  was  appointed  Head  of  the 
Order  in  Ecuador.  He  was  unable  to 
continue,  however,  because  of  violent 
controversies  with  President  Veinti- 
milla,  and  he  leturned  to  Chile,  where 
for  the  following  fourteen  years  he  de- 
voted himself  to  teaching  Theology, 
Sacred  Oratory,  Greek,  Latin,  Litera- 
ture and  Philosophy. 

Sr.  Valenzuela's  talents,  scholarship 
and  character  have  been  honored  both 
by  the  church  and  the  government:  he 
has  been  elected  General  of  the  Order 


HISPANIC    NOTES 


VALENZUELA 


of  the  Merced  and  has  been  nominated 
Ijy  the  government  as  Bishop  of  Ancud, 
a  post  which  he  was  unable  to  retain  \ 
by  reason  of  the  inrlemency  of    the    cli- 
mate. 

Bishop  Valenzuela  is  an  occasional 
contributor  to  journals  of  scholarship, 
such  as  the  Revista  Chilena  de  His- 
toria  y  Geograffa*,  and  is  the  author  of 
Glosario  etimologico  de  nomhres  de  per- 
sonas,  animales,  plantas,  rios  y  lugares 
a'noyigenes  de  Chile  y  de  algunas  otras 
partes  de  America,  19.18. 


531 


AND     MONOGRAPHS 


IV 


532 


CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 


IV 


RAFAEL    CORREA 

Painter. 

.  Rafael  Correa,  the  son  of  Rafael 
Correa  y  Echagiie  and  Antonia  Munoz, 
was  born  on  the  twenty-sixth  of  Feb- 
ruary, 1863,  at  Santiago  where  he  was 
educated  in  the  National  Institute.  He 
received  his  first  artistic  instruction 
privately  from  one  of  the  best  known 
and  most  competent  of  Chilean  painters, 
Pedro  Lira,  and  obtained  his  first  offi- 
cial recognition  in  the  Salon  of  Santia- 
go in  1884.  This  was  followed  by  other 
local  awards  and  in  1889  by  an  Honor- 
able Mention  in  the  Universal  Expos- 
ition held  in  Paris.  In  1897  he  was  suc- 
cessful in  winning  a  Government  trav- 
elling scholarship  which  enabled  him 
to  pursue  his  studies  in  Europe  where 
he  worked  for  a  short  time  in  Barcelona, 


HISPANIC    NOTES 


Rafael  Correa. 


CORREA 


in  the  Julian  Schools,  and  in  the  stud- 
ios of  J.  Paul  Laurens  and  Benjamin 
Constant. 

On  the  termination  of  his  scholarship 
he  still  remained  in  Paris  finding  the 
means  for  the  continuance  of  his  stud- 
ies either  by  copying  the  works  of  the 
old  masters  or  by  the  sale  of  his  own 
pictures  many  of  which  were  disposed 
of  in  the  United  States.  In  this  way 
he  was  able  to  complete  his  instruction 
by  a  stay  in  Italy  in  1899. 

On  his  return  to  Chile  he  won  wide 
recognition  by  his  handling  of  Chilean 
landscape  scenery,  generally  v/ith  groups 
of  cattle,  that  shows  his  understanding 
of  the  sound  methods  of  the  Barbizon 
school.  His  canvases  have  appeared  in 
many  of  the  principal  exhibitions  and 
two  notable  pic  tures  by  him  are  to  be 
found  in  the  Fine  Arts  Museum  of 
Santiago.  In  1901  he  won  a  Medal  at 
the  Buffalo  Exposition  and  in  1910  an- 
other at  Buenos  Aires. 


533 


AND    MONOGRAPHS 


IV 


534 


CHILEANS     OF    TO-DAY 


IV 


MANUEL    ANTONIO    ROMAN 

Churchman;  author, 

j      Manuel  Antonio  Roman  was  born 

Ion   the  twenty-sixth  of  October,    1858 

i  in    the   town   of   Doiiihue,    Department 

of  Rancagua  but  was  edui  a  ted  in  the 

Catholic     Seminary    of    Santiago    and 

piepared  for  the  priesthood. 

Within  the  church  he  has  held  a  num- 
ber of  offices;  he  has  served  as  teacher 
in  the  Seminary  and  Secretary  to  three 
Archbishops-Casanova,  Gonzalez  Eyza- 
guirre  and  the  present  incumbent,,  Mon- 
I  sefior  Crescente  Errazuiiz. 
!  Sr.  Roman  is  a  member  of  the  Faculty 
of  Theology  in  the  University  of  Chile, 
a  member  of  the  Chilean  Academy  and 
of  the  Ai  cades  of  Rome. 

He  is  the  editor  of  the  Revista  Ca- 
1  tolica,    published      in     Santiago,      and 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


ROMAN 


author  of  :  Vida  de  S.  Pedro  Damiano; 
Vida  de  Don  Bias  Cartas;  Los  tristes  de 
Ouidio,  poems;  Poesias  de  Leon  XIII, 
traslation  in  verse;  Poesias,  original 
and  translated;  Inscripciones,  in  Latin 
and  Spanish,  and — his  principal  work — 
Diccionario  de  chilenismos  y  otras  locu- 
fiones  viciosas,   5   vols,     1901-1918. 


535 


AND    MONOGRAPHS 


IV 


536 


CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 


PAULINO  ALFONSO 

Lawyer;  writer. 

Paulino  Alfonso,  the  son  of  the 
distinguished  lawyer  Jose  Alfonso,  was 
born  in  Valparaiso  on  the  twenty-sixth 
of  August,  1862.  He  received  his  early 
education  in  the  Sacred  Heart  School 
of  Santiago  and  in  the  Valparaiso  Li- 
ceo,  continued  his  studies  in  the  Na- 
tional Institute  of  Santiago  and  took 
up  the  study  of  law  in  the  University 
of  Chile.  In  1885,  before  his  graduation, 
his  Comentario  del  Articulo  960  del.  Cd- 
digo  Civil  was  awarded  first  place  in  i 
the  university  contest.  The  next  year 
he  presented  the  thesis  Explicacion  del 
articulo  959  del  Codigo  Civil  and  receiv- 
ed his  degree  in  law. 

The  following  year  he  was  commis- 
sioned  by    the   Government   to   codify 


IV 


HISPANIC    NOTES 


(7iu.i^  t/i 


ALFONSO 


the  resolutions  of  a  legal  character  re- 
lating to  the  Navy  and  in  the  same  year 
was  elected  to  the  chair  of  Civil  Law 
in  the  University  of  Chile.  In  1890  he 
was  appointed  Secretary  of  the  Chilean 
Delegation  to  the   Pan-American  Con- 
gress in  Washington  and  during  his  stay 
in  that  capital  wrote  a  series  of  articles 
for  the  daily  paper  La  Republica,  giving 
his   impressions  of   the   United   States. 
When    the    Revolution    of    1891    broke 
out,    he    was    appointed    Adjutant    to 
Jorge  Montt,  President  of  the  Iquique J 
committee.  He  shared  in    various  mili- ! 
tary  projects  and  was  captain  of  several  \ 
expeditions  to  Northern  Chile.   In  the  I 
elections  of   1891   he  was  the   Radical  \ 
candidate   for   the   department   of   Co-  \ 
quimbo  and  Ovalle  but  was  defeated. ! 
In    1892    he   was   appointed    Secretary! 
of  the  Law  Faculty  of  the  University  | 
of  Chile  and  in  the  same  year  was  chosen 
Secretary    of    the    Central    Committee 
of  the  Radical  Party.  In  March,  1894, 
he  was  elected  Deputy  from  Ovalle  and 


537 


AND     MONOGRAPHS 


IV 


538 


CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 


IV 


from  1909  to  1912  was  Deputy  for  La 
Union    (Valdivia). 

He  is  a  member  of  the  faculties  of 
Law  and  Letters  in  the  University  of 
Chile,  President  of  the  Fine  Arts  Com- 
mittee, a  member  of  the  Mathematical 
Society  of  Buenos  Aires,  and  Corres- 
ponding Member  of  the  Chilean  Acad- 
emy and  the  Royal  Spanish  Academy. 
He  has  distinguished  himself  in  the 
Chamber  of  Deputies  as  a  brillant 
and  polished  orator.  An  occasional 
contributor  to  many  foreign  period- 
icals as  well  as  to  the  principal  daily 
papers  and  magazines  of  his  own  coun- 
try, he  has  also  published  in  Santiago 
various  works  of  greater  permanence, 
such  as:  Explicaciones  del  Codigo  Civil, 
1881-1884;  De  la  inter pfetacion  de  la 
ley,  1892;  Validez  de  una  asignacion 
testamentaria,  1893;  Explicaciones  de  la 
ley  de  matrimonio  civil,  1901;  Desarrollo 
hispano  -  americano,  1903;  Tomds  Som- 
merscales,  1904;  and  Don  Jose  Alfonso, 
1910. 


HISPANIC    NOTES 


(sANDARILLAS    MATTA 


539 


JAVIER   GANDARILLAS   MATTA  | 

Engineer;   miner;   puhlirist. 


Javier  Ganrdarillas  Matta,  the  j 
son  of  Francisco  Gandarillas  and  Te- ' 
resa  Matta,  was  born  in  Santiago  and 
went  to  school  there  in  the  Santiago 
College  and  the  National  Institute. 
He  won  his  Bachelor's  degree  in  1885, 
entered  the  University  and  graduated 
as  Civil  Engineer  in  1897.  Thereafter 
he  continued  his  studies  in  France  at 
the  University  of  Paris,  in  England  and 
in  Germany. 

In  1909  he  was  elected  Deputy  for  j 
the  Departments  of  Copiapo,  Ghana- '' 
ral,  Freirina  and  Vallenar;  he  was  re-, 
elected  in  1915,  and  served  as  Minister 
of  Industry  and  Public  Woiks  in  the! 
Administration  of  President  Pedro  I 
Montt.  i 


AND     MONOGRAPHS 


IV 


540 


CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 


ARMANDO   DONOSO 

Critic. 

]  Armando  Donoso,  the  son  of  Ri- 
I  cardo  Donoso  and  Elena  Novoa,  was 
j  born  on  the  eighteenth  of  September, 
i  1888,  in  Talca,  went  to  school  there 
j  and  continued  until  he  was  seventeen 
I  when  he  went  to  Germany  for  his  higher 
education.  He  studied  at  Lubeck,  dev- 
j  oting  himself  with  enthusiasm  to  liter- 
i  ature  and  German  philosophy  which 
'  supplied  the  theme  for  one  of  his  books, 
;  La  Sombra  de  Goethe,  afterwards  pub- 
lished in   Madrid. 

i  On  his  return  to  Chile,  Sr.  Donoso 
'  chose  a  literar\-  career  and  devoted 
himself  especially  to  criticism,  philo- 
sophy and  research.  He  served  for  a  time 
as  Librarian  in  the  Department  of  Edu- 
cation and  was  secretarv^  of  the  Com- 


IV 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


/f.DtVly^^ 


DONOSO 

541 

mittee  on  Commercial   Education,  but 
his  life  has  been   chiefly  spent  in   the 
field  of  journalism  and  authorship.  He 
has  contributed  to  most  of  the  news- 
papers and  periodicals  of  Chile,  includ- 
ing El  Mercurio,  La  Naci6n^  La  Uni6n, 
El   Diario  Ilustrado,  Zig-Zag,   Sucesos, 
Pacifico    Magazine,    Revista    de    Artes 
y  Letras,  Selva  Lirica,  Atldntida,  and 
the  Revista   de   Filosofia,    besides   im- 
portant journals  of  other  countries,  such 
as  Caras  y   Caretas  of   Buenos  Aires, 
Reforma  Social  of  New  York  and  Cuba 
Contempordnea    of    Havana.    He    has 
been  editor  in-chief  of  the  Pacifico  Mag- 
azine and  Zig-Zag  and  has  been  a  mem- 
ber of  the  staff  of  El  Mercurio  where 
he  is  now  Literary  Editor.   He  is  one 
of  the  Board  of  Directors  of  the  Ateneo 
of  Santiago. 

In  1909  he  gave  a  ser  es  of  lectures 
in     the    Historical     and    Geographical 
Society  on  the   place   and   influence   of 
Lastarria,    Bello    and    Sarmiento,    at- 
tributing  to   the   Venezuelan    writer   a 

i 

AND     MONOGRAPHS 

IV 

542 

1 

CHILEANSOF    TO-DAY 

i 
1 
i 

i 

i 

1 

profound    influence     on      the    literary 
movement    in    Santiago    in    1840.    He  1 
has  written  innumerable  articles  in  the 
press  and  in  magazines  and  has  publish- 
ed   the  following    books:  Menende^  Pe- 
Idyo  y  su  obra,  Santiago,  1912;  Los  Nue- 
vos,  Valencia,  1913;  Bilbao  y  su  tiempo, 
Santiago,   1914;   Una  A  mis  tad  liter  aria: 
Barros  Arana  y  Mitre,  Santiago,  1915; 
Vida  y  viajes  de  un  erudito:  don  Jose 
Toribio    Medina,    Santiago,    1916;    Re- 
citer dos  de  medio  siglo:  don  Jose  Victo- 
rino  Lastarria,  Santiago,  1917;  Un  filo- 
sofo  de  la  biolojia:  Le  Dantec,  Santiago, 
191S;  La  renovacion  de  la  metafisica,  se- 
gun    Jose    Ingenieros,    Santiago,    1919; 
La    Sombra    de    Goethe,    Madrid,    1918; 
La   Senda    Clara,    Buenos   Aires,    1919; 
La   Juventud  de  Ruben  Dario,    Buenos 
Aires,  1919.  In  addition  to  these,  Senor 
Donoso    has   edited:   Poesias    completas 
de    Pedro  Antonio   Gonzalez,  1918,  and 
Obras  de  Juventud  de  Ruben  Dario,  with! 
notes  and    introduction,    Buenos   Aires, 
1919. 

IV 

HISPANIC    NOTES 

VALENZUELA 

543 

REGULO    VALENZUELA 

Senator;  man  of  affairs. 
ReGULO    VALENZUELA     RlVERQS    Was 

born  in  Santa  Cruz  in  1861,  but  receiv- 
ed his  education  in  the  National  Insti- 
tute of  Santiago  where  he  obtained 
the  degree  of  Bachelor  of  Letters  and 
Philosophy. 

When  the  war  with  Peru  and  Bolivia 
broke  out  in  1879  he  enlisted  in  the 
army  and  rose  in  the  service  to  the 
rank  of  Captain  of  Cavalry.  Since  1885 
he  has  been  interested  in  commer- 
cial and  industrial  enterprises  which 
he  has  managed  with  marked  success. 
He  is  a  member  of  numerous  stock 
companies    and    president    of    several. 

In  1918  he  was  elected  Senator  from 
the  province  of  Santiago  and  in  March, 
1920,    was   made    Secretary   of  War. 

! 

i 

i 
IV 

AND     MONOGRAPHS 

544 

CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 

FRANCISCO    JAVIER    DIAZ 

Soldier;  historian. 

Francisco  Javier  Diaz  Valderra- 
MA  was  born  in  Santa  Cruz  de  Curico 
on  the  fifth  of  April,  1877.  He  received 
his  early  education  in  thi  schools  of 
Santiao  where  he  finished  the  courses 
for  the  degree  of  Bachelor  of  Letters. 

Devoting  himself  to  a  military  career 
and  showing  a  natural  aptitude  for  the 
profession  of  arms,  he  rose  rapidly  in  the 
service.  In  this  he  had  the  advantage 
of  studying  abroad,  spending  the  great- 
ter  part  of  his  time  in  Germany.  For 
one  year  he  was  with  the  Fifth  Bat- 
talion of  Sappers;  he  spent  another  in 
the  School  of  Artillery  and  Engineer- 
ing at  Charlottenburg,  and  still  another 
with  the  General  Staff  of  the  Sixth 
Brandenburg  Division.  Before  return- 
ing to  Chile  he  passed  four  months  in 

IV 

HISPANIC    NOTES 

^J-Ai^ 


DIAZ 

Switzerland  studying  the  organization, 
of  the  Swiss  Army.  For  three  years 
he  was  instructor  in  the  Colombian 
Army,  where  he  was  Director  of  the 
Military  School  and  Head  of  the  Gen- 
eral Staff.  In  h's  own  country  he  has 
been  Professor  in  the  Military  School 
and  in  the  War  Academy.  In  January, 
1919,  he  was  transferred  from  the  post 
of  Department  Head  of  the  General 
Staff  to  that  of  Commandant  of  the 
Seventh  Infantry  Brigade,  a  position 
which  he  holds  at  the  present  time, 
with  the  rank  of  Lieutenant  Colonel. 
He  has  published  many  articles  on 
military  topics,  one  of  which  was 
translated  into  English  and  published 
in  the  « Field  Artillery  Journal*  under 
the  title  of  Duties  of  the  Army  General 
Staff.  He  has  written  numerous  army 
manuals  and  is  the  author  of  the  fol- 
lowing historical  works:  La  Campana 
del  Ejerctto  de  los  Andes  en  1917,  La 
Batalla  de  Chacabuco,  and  La  Batalla 
de  Maipo. 


545 


AND     MONOGRAPHS 


IV 


546 


CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 


IV 


EDUARDO    POIRIER 

Diplomat;  writet. 

Eduardo  Poirier,  the  descendant 
of  one  of  the  old  French  families  of  Chi- 
le, was  born  in  Santiago  in  1868. 

After  finishing  his  education  he  was 
appointed  Consul  for  Nicaragua  in 
Valparaiso  and  later,  Consul  General 
of  Chile  and  charge  d'affaires  in  Nica- 
ragua and  Salvador.  During  the  Re- 
volution of  1891  he  was  entrusted  with 
a  special  mission  to  Mexico  and  was 
later  appointed  Minister  to  that  coun- 
try. The  fall  of  the  Balmaceda  govern- 
ment brought  about  the  cancellation 
of  his  appointment  and  he  left  Mexico 
for  Central  America.  There  he  was  ap- 
pointed Secretary  General  of  Salvador 
and  later  Minister  of  Salvador  to  the 
United  States.  His  mission  terminated, 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


POIRIER 


he  travelled  extensively  in  Europe  and 
in  the  South  American  republics,  and  j 
in  1894  returned  to  Chile.  He  repre- 
sented Ciuatemala  in  the  second  Latin- 
American  Medical  Congress  held  in 
Buenos  Aires  in  1904,  in  the  third  Latin- 
American  Scientific  Congress  in  Rio 
de  Janeiro  in  1905,  and  in  the  third  La- 
tin-American Medical  Congress  in  Mon- 
tevideo in  1907.  He  was  General  Sec- 
retary of  the  Fourth  Scientific  Congress 
in  Chile,  and  delegate  from  Guatemala 
to  the  International  Agricultural  Ex- 
position and  the  International  Medical 
Congress  in  Buenos  Aires  in  1910. 

He  is  a  member  of  many  scientific 
and  literary  societies  and  his  numerous 
publications  ha\e  contributed  greatly 
to  a  better  understanding  of  the  Cen- 
tral American  Republics  in  Chile.  He  is 
the  author  of  Ckilc  en  1 90S  and  Chile 
en  1910,  works  in  which  he  gives  a  resu- 
me of  the  industrial  activities  of  Chile 
and  the  vast  economic  possibilities  of 
the  country. 


AND     MONOGRAPHS 


548 

CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 

1 

MIGUEL    CRUCHAGA 

Diplomat. 

Miguel   Cruchaga   Tocornal,    the 
son    of    Miguel    Cruchaga    Montt    and 
Maria  del  Carmen  Tocornal,  was  born 
in  1867  in  the  city  of  Santiago  where 
he  received  his    education  in   the  Na- 
tional Institute  and  studied  Law  in  the 
University   until   admitted   to   the   Bar  j 
in    1890.    After    teaching    International 
Law  for  a  time  at  the  University  and 
publishing  a  treatise  on  the  subject  which 
in  ^1902  reached  its  second  edition,   he 
entered    political    life   and   was   elected 
to  Congresss  in  1 900.  He  took  an  active 
part  in  parliamentary  debate  and  work- 
ed  actively  on  the  Committees  of  Fin- 
ance and  Foreign  Affairs. 

In  1901  he  was  sent  as  Chilean  Dele- 
gate to  the  Scientific  Congress  in  Mon- 

IV 

HISPANIC     NOTES 

CRUCHAGA    TOCORNAL 

549 

tevideo  and  to  the  Pan-American  Con- 
gress held  in  Buenos  Aires;  he  has  also 
represented     his     government     at     the 
Hague    Conference.    He  was  appointed 
i  Minister  of   Finance   in    1903,    and    in 
1906,     during    the    Administration    of 
President  Montt,  was  Minister  of  the 
Interior  and  Chief  of  the  Cabinet. 

His  diplomatic  career  began  in  1907 
on  his  appointment  as  Minister  to  Ar- 
gentina whence  he  was  afterwards  crans- 
fened  in  a  similar  capacity  to  Germany. 
At  present  he  represents  his  government 
in  Brazil. 

i 

! 

• 

1 
i 

AND     MONOGRAPHS 

IV 

.  1 

550 


CHILEANS     OF     TO-DAY 


GUILLERMO    CORDOBA 


I  Sculptor. 

GuiLLERMO    Cordoba    was  born   in 
Chafiarcillo,     Copiap6,     biit   was     edu- 
cated in  Santiago  where  he  attended  the 
i  School  of  Fine  Arts  and  made  a  distin- 
I  guished  record,  winning    iri    three  suc- 
I  cessive  years  the  first  prizes  in  drawing, 
I  painting  and  sculpture. 
I      On  his  graduation,  he  was  chosen  one 
j  the  instructors  of  the  School  and  taught 
drawing  there  until  1902  when  the  Gov- 
ernment of  Chile  sent  him  abroad   to 
pursue  his  studies.    He  went  to   Paris 
and  studied  sculpture  under  Injalbert, 
Fronbeskoy,  Bouchard,  Landowsky  and 
other  masters.  He  returned  to  Chile  in 
j  1908  and  in  the  following  year  enteied 
I  the  competition  for  the  pediment  of  the 
new  Museum  of  Fine  Arts  and  won  the 
first  piize.  The  next  year    he    executed 


IV 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


Guillermo  C6rcloba. 


» 


CORDOBA  ;     551 


the  high  relief  group  Ofrendas  a  la  Re- 
pdhlica  for  the  First  Industrial  Expo- 
sition of  Chile, 

In  1913  the  Government  of  Argentina 
opened  a  competition  for  the  equestrian 
statue  of  General  Bernardo  O'Higgins 
and  invited  all  Chilean  artists  to  enter. 
Sr.  C6rdoba  presented  two  models 
with  which  he  won  both  the  first  and 
the  second  award  and  later  complet- 
ed the  monurrient  which  was  erected 
in    1918.  • 

The  list  of  his  works  is  a  long  one:  it 
includes  La  Alegoria  de  la  Paz;  Triunjo 
de  la  Repuhlica;  Scouts;  Fuente  de  Nep- 
tuno,  in  the  Alameda,  Santiago;  the 
heioic  figures  in  the  pediment  of 
the  Government  House  in  Valparaiso; 
the  monument  presented  by  the  French 
Colony  to  Chile  on  the  Centenary  of 
her  Independen;  e,  and  the  monument 
to  Luis  Cruz  in  Curic6.  He  is  now  com- 
pleting the  monument  to  Hernando  de 
Magallanes  to  be  erected  in  Punta  Are- 
nas. 


AND     MONOGRAPHS 


IV 


552 


CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 


IV 


RAMON    BRIONES     LUCO 

Public  man. 

Ramon  Briones  LOco,  the  son  of 
Francisco  Javier  Briones  and  Lucinda 
Luco,  was  born  in  Chimbarongo  on  the 
sixth  of  December,  1872.  He  received 
his  early  education  in  the  St.  Thomas 
Aquinas  School  and  in  1890  obtained 
his  degree  of  Bachelor  in  Philosophy 
and  Letters.  Entering  the  Law  School 
of  the  University  of  Chile,  he  received 
the  degree  of  Bachelor  of  Laws  in  1896 
and  that  of  Licenciate  in  Law  in  1897, 
on  presenting  his  thesis  on  El  divorcio 
en  Chile.  In  1898  he  was  admitted  to 
the  Bar. 

In  1890  he  was  appointed  Clerk  in  the 
Department  of  Foreign  Relations  and, 
receiving  rapid  promotion,  rose  to  the 
position  of  Chief  Clerk  in   the  Depart- 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


i  I'  I 


BRIONES    LUCO 

553  . 

ment  of  Colonization.  In   1900  he  was 
appointed  City  Attorney  and  held  this 
position    until    1906.    In    1915    he   was 
elected  Deputy  for  Tarapacd  and  re- 
elected in   1918.   In  the  legislature    his 
experience  in   the  Department  of  For- 
eign   Relations   made   him   the   logical 
choice   for   the  Committee  on   Foreign 
Affairs.  In  Apiil  1918  he  was  called  to 
assume  the  portfolio  of  Labor  and  Pub- 
lic Works  and   held  this  post  until  Octo- 
ber of  the  same  year. 

Besides    numerous    contributions    to 
the  magazines  of  Chile  he  is  the  author 
of   a    Glosario    de    Colonizacidn   which 
met  with  such  favor  as  to  pass  thiough 
four  editions,  the  last  in  1905.  In  1910 
he  published  a  work  in  two  volumes  on 
the  Origen  del  matrimonio  y  del  divorcio. 

AND    MONOGRAPHS 

IV 

554 


CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 


IV 


RAFAEL     FRONTAURA 

Dramatist. 

Rafael  Frontaura,  the  son  of  Jos6 
Manuel  Frontaura  and  Filomena  de  la 
Fuente  Duenas,  was  born  on  the  seventh 
of  February,  1896,  in  Vaparaiso,  but 
was  educated  in  Santiago  at  the  Na- 
tional Institute  and  the  University.  He 
won  the  degree  of  Bachelor  of  Science 
in  1914  and  that  of  Bachelor  of  Laws 
in  1917. 

In  1913  he  began  to  teach  in  the  In- 
stitute of  Humanities  and  continued 
there  until  1917.  He  became  one  of  the 
founders  of  the  Society  of  Chilean  Au- 
thors and  of  the  Chilean  Theatrical  So- 
ciety, of  which  he  is  the  Secretary. 

Meantime  he  had  recognized  his  vo- 
cation as  dramatist  and  had  begun  a 
prodigious    production    of   plays;    since 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


1 RONTAURA 

555 

1913  he  has  written  the  following  com- 
edies: La  estatua,  1913;  Abajo  las  cas- 
tas, 19\3\  Risas  y  Idgrimas,  1914;  El  pro- 

Jesor  de  baile,  1914;  Rodriguez,  1914; 
Quien  mucho  abarca,  1914;  Las  de  casa, 
1 91 4 ;  £/  primo  A  legria,  1 91 4 ;  La  hermana 
Clara,  1915;  Todo  por  ellas,  1915;  Lo 
que  dice  la  gente,  1915;  Garrotines  y  ga- 
rrotazos,  1915;  Al  pie  de  la  vaca,  1915; 
Todo  a  cuarenta,  1916;  Domingo  de  Ra- 
mos, 1916;  El  Emperador  de  Rabudos, 
\9\1  i  Con  una  cola,  1916;  Ir  por  lana 
\917;  El  tuerto  es  el  Rey,  1917;  Hdgame 
lo  favore,  1918;  Progresa  la  infancia, 
191S,  Nome  dejes  caer  en  tentacion,  1918; 
El  hombre  de  lana,  1917;  Mercaderia  Ave- 
riada,   1917;  Artilleria  Rusticana,   1916; 

!  El  hombre  de  acero,  1917;  No  te  suicides, 
1919;  in  collaboration:  Mar  adentro, 
1919;  Otro  pa  Australia,  1919;  Como  se 

,  pide,  1918;  El  abanico,  1920;  and  La  ove- 

\ja  negra,  1920. 

I 

AND     MONOGRAPHS 

IV 

^556 

CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 

FEDERICO    CASAS    BASTERRICA 

Sculptor. 

Federico  Casas  Basterrica,  the 
son  of  Federico  Casas  Espinola  and 
Aurora  Basterrica  Valenzuela,  was  born 
on  the  second  of  January,  1890,  in  San- 
tiago where  he  was  also  educated.  He 
attended  the  San  Ignacio  Academy, 
won  his  degree  of  Bachelor  of  Arts  and 
entered  the  University  to  study  Me- 
dicine but  did  not  complete  the  course. 

In  1914  he  entered  the  School  of  Fine 
Arts  to  study  sculpture  under  the  di- 
rection of  Virginio  Arias  and  at  once 
disclosed  decided  talent.  In  1915  he 
exhibited  in  the  Santiago  Salon  a  piece 
entitled  Primavera  which  was  awarded 
the  bronze  medal;  in  1916  he  exhibit- 
ed five  portrait  busts  in  bronze  and  clay 
and  won  the  silver  medal;  in   1918  he 

IV 

HISPANIC    NOTES 

Federico  Casas  Basterrica. 


CASAS    BASTERRICA 


exhibited  four  statues'  La  vidente,  Ano~ 
ranza,  Ojelia,  a  portiait  piece,  and  the 
heroic  size  Liber  acid  n  which  won  a  re- 
sounding success:  He  was  awarded  the 
gold  medal  and  the  highest  honors  to 
which  a  Chilean  artist  can  aspire — the 
Maturana  prize,  the  Edwards  prize  and 
the  Prize  of  Honor  of  the  Salon  which 
had  not  been  granted  to  any  contestant 
during  a  period  of  eight  years. 


557 


AND     MONOGRAPHS 


IV 


558         CHILEANS     OF    TO-DAY 


IV 


BALDOMERO    LILLO 

Novelist 

Baldomero  Lillo,  the  son  of  Jose 
Nazario  Lillo  and  Carmen  Figueroa 
wae  boin  on  the  sixth  of  Januaiy,  1867, 
in  Lota,  Arauco  Province,  and  got  his 
early  schooling  there  and  in  the  Liceo 
of  Lebu,  but  came  to  Santiago  to  get 
his  Bachelor's  degree. 

He  passed  his  youth  in  the  mining 
region  of  Arauco,  where  he  tiied  his 
hand  at  business  without  success  and 
worked  for  others  in  subordinate  pos- 
itions with  little  profit  except  for  the 
study  he  was  able  to  make  of  the  miner 
and  his  ways. 

In  1912  he  paid  a  visit  to  the  nitrate 
region  and  there  observed  with  the  keen 
eye  of  a  writer  the  life  of  the  nitrate 
worker — fatalistic,  superstitious,    indol- 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


LILLO 

559 

ent,  but  unfailingly  optimistic  and  ever 
content  with  his  lot. 

In  1905  he  obtained  a  post  in  the  Uni- 
versity as  Keeper  of  the  Archives,  but 
his  health  was  infirm  and  in  1918  he 
was  pensioned. 

Sr.  Lillo  has  written  mpch  both  in 
ephemeral  and  permanent  fo.  m:  he 
has  contributed  to  all  the  literary  maga- 
zines of  Chile  and  to  many  in  other 
Hispanic  countries,  in  1904  he  wrote 
Sub-Terra,  pictures  of  life  in  the  mining 
regions,  of  which  a  second  edition  has 
been  published  and  which  has  been 
translated  and  published  in  large  part 
in  American  magazines;  in  1907  he 
issued  Stib-Sole,  scenes  from  the  lives 
of  the  laboring  and  submerged  classes. 

AND    MONOGRAPHS 

IV 

560 


CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 


FRANCISCO  CONTRERAS 

Poet;  critic 

Francisco  Contreras  was  born  in 
in  the  year  1878  in  Itata,  but  removed 
to  the  capital  and  begun  to  contribute 
to  the  Revista  de  Santiago  in  1897. 

After  several  years  of  an  active  jour- 
nalistic career  in  Santiago  he  went  to 
Paris  in  1905,  became  a  member  of  the 
staff  of  the  Mercure  of  France  and  has 
lived  there  ever  since. 

He  has  written  much,  not  only  for 
ephemeral  journals  but  also  for  public- 
ation in  permanent  form.  Among 
his  books  are:  Esmalttnes,  a  book  not- 
able for  its  lyrical  charm,  Santiago, 
1898;  Raul,  in  which  the  author  defends 
liberty  in  art,  Santiago,  1902;  Toison, 
a  volume  of  sonnets,  some  imaginative 
and  complicated  and  others  simple  in 


IV 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


CONTRERAS 


the  extreme,  Paris,  1906;  Romances  de 
hoy,  stories  in  rhyme  of  life  in  Chile, 
Paris,  1907;  Los  Modernos,  7909;  Almas 
y  Panoramas,  Paris,  1910;  Z,a  piedad  sen- 
time7ital,  1911;  Tierra  de  reliquias,  im- 
pressions of  Italy  and  Spain,  1912; 
Luna  de  la  patria,  verses,  1913;  La  vari- 
llita  de  virttid,  a  volume  of  miscellanies 
including  a  short  story,  two  poems,  a 
chapter  from  an  unpublished  book  en- 
titled Las  malaventuras  de  Gracidn,  and 
a  critical  study  of  literary  novelties, 
Paris,  1920. 


AND    MONOGRAPHS 


561 


IV 


562 


CHILEANS     OF    TO-DAY 


IV 


GUILLERMO   LABARCA 
HUBERTSON 

Teacher;  writer. 
GUILLERMO      LaBARCA      HuBERTSON, 

the  son  of  Mariano  Labarca  and  Juana 
Hubertson,  was  born  on  the  second  of 
July,  1883,  in  Santiago  where  he  was 
educated  in  the  University.  He  won 
his  Bachelor's  degree  in  1915  and  in  the 
same  year  was  granted  the  title  of  Pro- 
fessor of  History  and  Geography. 

He  had  begun  to  teach  some  years 
earlier,  and  as  early  as  1907  was  ap- 
pointed instructor  in  History  and  Geo- 
graphy in  the  School  of  Application. 
In  1910  he  was  commissioned  to  visit 
the  United  States  for  special  study  and 
on  his  return  resumed  his  teaching. 

He  has  held  various  posts  of  honor, 
such  as   Secretary    of    the   Ateneo,  Di- 


HISPANIC    NOTES 


LABARCA     HUBERTSON 


rector  of  the  National  Educational 
Association,  Director  of  the  National 
Teachers'  Society,  Managing  Director 
of  the  Boy  Scouts  and  President  of 
the  centro  for  Radical  Propaganda. 

Sr.  Labarca  Hubertson  has  won  re- 
cognition also  among  the  writers  of  Chi- 
le; he  has  been  a  contributor  to  the  lead- 
ing periodicals,  has  served  as  editor  of 
the  Revista  de  la  Asociaci6n  de  Edu- 
cacion  Nacional,  and  has  published 
the  following  works:  Al  amor  de  la  Tie- 
rra,  short  stories,  Santiago,  1908,  and 
Miranda  al  oceano  a  novel  which  was 
awarded  a  prize  by  the  National  Coun- 
cil of  Letters,  Santiago,  1911. 


AND     MONOGRAPHS 


.564 


CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 


IV 


ALFREDO  VALENZUELA  LLANOS 

Painter. 

Alfredo  Valenzuela  Llanos,  the 
son  of  Ricardo  Valenzuela  y  Valenzuela 
and  Florencia  Llanos,  was  born  on  the 
twenty-ninth  of  August,  1869,  in  San 
Fernando  and  gained  his  early  educa- 
tion in  his  native  town. 

Intended  by  his  parents  for  a  business 
career,  his  overmastering  vocation  for 
art  drew  him  to  study  painting  and  in 
1887  he  entered  the  classes  of  Professor 
Mochi  and  Cosme  San  Martin  in  the 
School  of  Fine  Arts.  Later  he  had  the 
good  fortune  to  continue  his  studies 
with  the  painters  Pedro  Lira  and  Onofre 
Jarpa. 

In  1887,  when  he  was  not  yet  eighteen, 
he  won  the  Bronze  Medal  in  the  Annual 
Salon  in  Santiago;  in  1892  he  won  the 


HISPAN  IC     NOTES 


Alfredo  Valenzuela  Llanos. 


VALENZUEL^    LLANOS 


Silver  Medal,  and  in  1893  the  Gold 
Medal.  He  continued  to  exhibit  and  to 
win  honors;  the  Edwards'  award  in 
1894  and  again  in  1897,  1898  and  1899, 
the  General  Maturana  prize  in  1899, 
and  Honorable  Mention  in  the  Buffalo 
Exposition,  in  1901. 

In  the  same  year  he  went  to  France 
and  studied  with  Jean  Paul  Laurens, 
continuing  to  devote  himself,  as  he  had 
done  from  the  first,  to  landscape.  In 
this  field  he  has  won  nearly  all  his  suc- 
cesses and  has  made  himself  master  of 
the  landscape  of  central  Chile. 

After  his  return  from  Europe  he 
won  many  honors;  in  Santiago  in  the 
salons  of  1903,  1908,  1910,  1911  and 
1912;  in  Buenos  Aires,  the  Silver  Medal 
in  1911;  in  Paris,  the  Silver  Medal  of 
the  Society  of    French  Artists,  in  1912. 

The  landscapes  of  Sr.  Valenzuela  are 
very  numerous  and  there  are  many 
among  them  worthy  of  mention,  such  as: 
Otono,  Luna  Nueva,  A  orillas  del  estero 
Lolol;    Viejo  Arbol,  and  El  Alba. 


565 


AND    MONOGRAPHS 


IV 


566 


CHILEANS     OF     TO-DAY 


MAXIMILIANO  DEL  CAMPO 

Agriculturist;  teacher. 
MAXIMILIANO   DEL   CaMPO   HeRRERA, 

the  son  of  Benigno  del  Cafnpo  and  Do- 
!  lores  Herrera,  was  born  on  the  third  of 
March,  1859,  in  the  village  of  Chan- 
quiahue,  Department  of  Caupolican. 
For  his  education  he  went  to  Santiago 
where  he  attended  the  Seminary,  the 
National  Institute  and  the  University. 
There  he  studied  Medicine  for  a  time 
and  then  turned  to  agriculture  in  which 
he  won  his  degree  of  Agronomical  En- 
gineei-  in  1881. 

He  promptly  began  to  teach:  in  1884 
he  was  made  Professor  in  the  Agi  icultu- 
ral  Institute  and  in  1885  Inspector  of  the 
school;  in  1886  he  taught  General  and 
Special  Agriculture,  in  1889,  Cultivat- 
ion', and  from  1903  to  1914,  Wine-cul- 


IV     I  HISPANIC     NOTES 


I 


Maximiliano  del  Campo. 


DEL    CAMPO  i     567 


ture  and  Wine-making.  During  this  ' 
period  he  filled  other  posts,  such  as  Head  | 
of  the  Practical  School  of  Agriculture 
land  Teacher  of  Agriculture  in  1888, 
j  Engineer  of  Chilian  in  1889,  and  In- 
j  spector  of  Agricultural  Education  from 
i  1903  to  1914. 

Sr.  del  Campo  has  been  honored  with 
election  to  many  scientific  and  learned 
societies;  he  is  a  Director  of  the  Nation- 
al Society  of  Agiiculture,  Directpr  and 
vice-Presiden t  of  the  Scientific  Society 
of  Chile,  Director  of  the  Wine-giowers 
Asociation,  of  the  Southern  Agricultur- 
al ,  Society,  Honoiary  Member  of  the 
Agronomical  Society  of  Chile,  Direc- 
tor and  organizer  of  the  General  Con- 
gress of  Education  in  Chile  (1902),  and 
President  of  the  Agiicultural  Congress 
of  Concepcion  (1913). 

He    has  written  much  in  his  special 

field  of  labor  and  is  the  author  of  La  jer- 

I  meniacidn  vinosa,  1897;  Los  guanos  en  en 

agricuUura,  1899;  Memorias  sobre  la  orga- 

nizacion  de  los  servicios  agn colas,  1902. 


AND    MONOGRAPHS 


IV 


568 

CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 

CARLOS    CARIOLA 

Dramatic  writer. 

Carlos  Cariola,  the  son  of  Miguel 
Cariola  and  Griselda  Villagran,  was 
born  on  the  twenty -seventh  of  Sep- 
tember, 1895,  in  the  city  of  Santiago. 
There  also  he  was  educated  in  the  Insti- 
tute of  Humanities,  in  the  Catholic  Uni- 
versity and  the  National  University 
where  went  to  complete  his  studies  and 
where  he  gained  the  degrees  of  Bachelor 
of  Arts  in  1912  and  Bachelor  of  Laws 
in  1916. 

He  did  not  attempt  to  practise  the 
legal  professsion,  but  turned  his  atten- 
tion to  the  stage.  He  was  one  of  the 
founders  of  the  Theatrical  Society  of 
Chile,  vice-President  of  the  Society  of 
dramatic  authors.  Editor  and  owner 
of  the  illustrated  magazines  La  Quin- 

IV 

H  I  SPAN  I C    NOTES 

CARIOLA 

569 

cena  and  Pchts...  Pchts,  and  is  at  present 
editorial  secretary  and  dramatic  critic 
for  La  Union. 

Sr.  Cariola  has  written  much  for  and 
about  the  theatre  and  is  the  author  of 
the     popular    comedy    entitled     Entre 
gallos  y  media  noche,  which  has  already 
been  presented  more  than  two  hundred 
times  in   the   theatres  of  Santiago. 

i 

AND    MONOGRAPHS 

IV 

570 


CHILEANS     OF     TO-DAY 


JUAN  TONKIN 

Engineer. 

Juan  Tonkin  was  born  and  educated 
in  Chile  where  he  studied  for  the  en- 
gineering profession.  For  a  time  he  was 
in  the  service  of  the  Hydrographic  Of- 
fice of  the  Chilean  Government  and 
subsequently  held  a  post  as  engineer 
in  the  nitrate  industry  of  the  North. 
He  then  removed  to  the  United  States 
where  he  qualified  for  his  profession 
and  exercised  it  for  nearly  ten  years. 
During  part  of  this  time  he  was  con- 
ti acting  engineer  for  Milliken  Brothers 
of  New  York  and  engaged  chiefly  in  the 
j  construction  of  steel  bridges  and  fiie- 
!  proof  buildings.  At  a  later  date  he  be- 
came connected  with  the  London  firm 
of  J.  G.  White  and  Co,  by  whom  he  was 
appointed  representative  in  the    nego- 


IV 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


TONKIN 


571 


tiations  for  the  building  of  the  Arica-La 
Paz  Railway,  the  Longitudinal  Rail- 
way and  the  Valparaiso  Port  Works. 
At  present  he  acts  as  Chilean  agent 
for  this  firm  and  in  addition  is  engaged 
on  his  own  account  in  engineering  and 
architectural  undertakings  of  consider- 
able magnitude.  He  is  responsible  for 
the  construction  of  the  Valparaiso  Ca- 
thedral, the  Church  of  the  Redemp- 
torirt  Fathers,  the  Convent  of  the  Au- 
gustinian  nuns,  the  new  Episcopal  Pa- 
lace in  Valparaiso,  as  well  as  many  other 
fine  buildings  that  have  helped  to 
modernise  and  improve  the  appearance 
of  both  Valparaiso  and.  Santiagp. 


AND     MONOGRAPHS 


IV 


572 


CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 


IV 


EDGARDO  GARRIDO  MERINO 

Author;  editor. 

Edgardo  Garrido  Merino,  the  son 
of  Rafael  Victorino  Garrido  and  Elvi- 
ra Merino,  was  born  on  the  first  of 
March,  1894,  at  Valparaiso  where  he 
received  his  education  in  the  Lyceum. 
He  began  his  journalistic  career  at 
fourteen  years  of  age,  was  connected 
at  different  periods  with  El  Chileno, 
La  Uni6n/  El  Ferrocarril  and  La  Ma- 
riana, and  for  a  time  acted  as  editorial 
secretary  to  the  weekly  magazine  Zig- 
Zag,  to  which  he  also  contributed  topi- 
cal articles  and  stories.  In  1911  he  pro- 
duced a  drama  entitled  El  Chalaco, 
which  dealt  with  local  mining  customs, 
and  in  1912  a  comedy  La  Partida. 

In  1913  he  received  the  appointment 
of   Chilean   Consul   at   San    Felice    de 


HISPANIC    NOTES 


GARRIDO     MERINO 

573 

Gixol,  Spain,  where  he  remained  for 
three  years,  during  which  period  he 
wrote  a  considerable  number  of  liter- 
ary articles,  and  others  treating  of 
Chilean  life  and    institutions. 

On  his  return  to  South  America  in 
1916  he  continued  in  Montevideo, 
Buenos  Aires  and  Santiago,  to  pro- 
mote the  rapprochement  of  Spain  and 
Spanish  American  Countries.  In  this 
same  year  he  established  El  Diario 
Hispano  Americano. 

In  1917  he  was  appointed  Consul 
at  Malaga  in  Spain  and  there  for  two 
years  carried  cm  his  labors  of  dissemin- 
ating more  exact  knowledge  of  his  na- 
tive country;  there  too  he  produced  his 
first  book  Tm  emocion  del  camino. 

In  1919  he  founded  in  Santiago  the 
monthly  magazine  Atl^ntida  which 
is  devoted  chiefly  to  art  and  literature. 
He  is  a  well  known  contributor  to  the 
periodical  press  of  Argentina  and  in 
Buenos  Aires  produced  his  comedy 
Siempre  caen  at  the  Teatro  Nacional. 

AND     MONOGRAPHS 

IV 

574          CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 

i 

ENRIQUE     OYARZUN 

Teacher;  public  man. 

\ 

Enrique  Oyarzun  Moncada,  the 
son  of  Pedro  Oyarzun  and  Santos  Mon- 
cada, was'  born  on  the  twenty-first 
of  June,  1866,  in  the  town  of  Vallenar, 
but  was  educated  in  Santiago  at  the 
Chilean  Institute  and  the  University 
where  he  gained  the  following  degrees: 
Bachelor  of  Arts  in  1884;  Bachelor  of 
Laws  in  1889  and  Licenciate  in  Law 
in  1891. 

He  was  admitted  to  the  Bar  in  1892 
but  for  some  years  gave  his  chief  at- 
tention to  teaching,  first  as  Professor 
of  Spanish  in  the  Lyceum  of  Concep- 
ci6n  from  1893  to  1909  and  later,  from 
1905  to  1909,  as  Rector  of  the  Com- 
mercial Institute  of  Concepci6n. 

His  political  life  began  in  1909  when 

IV 

HISPANIC     NOTES 

^ 


i    ^ 

.:!    >^tt|fl 

^^^^ 

m^H^^ 

Enrique  Oyar^un, 


OYARZUN 

575 

he  was  elected   Deputy  from  the   De- 
partment of   Rere  and  Puchacay   and 
re-eelected  until  1918  when  he  became 
representative    for    Vallenar.     During 
this  period  he   has  filled  various  posi- 
tions  of  honor:  in  1913  and    again  in 
1916  he  was  Chairman  of  the   Parlia- 
mentary Commission  for  the  study  of 
social  conditions  in  the  Northern  pro- 
vinces; in  1914  he  was  appointed  Min- 
ister   of    Finance    in    the    Charme-Vi- 
llegas  Cabinet,  and  in  March,  1920,  he 
was   chosen    to    the    same    responsible 
post  in  the  Montenegro-Hunneeus  Cab- 
inet. 

• 
! 

1 

AND    MONOGRAPHS 

IV 

576 

CHILEANS     OF    TO-DAY 

BELTRAN     MATHIEU 

Diplomat. 

Beltran  Mathieu,  the  son  of  Luis 
Mathieu,  one  time  Governor  of  Tal- 
cahuano,  and  Ramona  iVndrews,  was 
born  on  the  tenth  of  April,  1852,  in 
Talcahuano.  After  his  early  education 
at  the  Lyceum  in  Concepci6n,  he  en- 
tered the  University,  read  Law  and 
was  admitted  to  the  Bar  in  1875. 

He  has  had  a  diversified  and  inter- 
esting career.  While  he  was  still  a  youth 
he  was  made  Secretary  to  General  Ba- 
silio  Urrutia,  Governor  of  Angol  Te- 
rritory, and  was  then  appointed  Pro- 
tector of  the  Indians  in  that  District. 
Somewhat  later  he  joined  Ricardo 
Claro  in  founding  the  Radical  Party 
of  Concepcion. 

In  1891  he  took  part  in  the  Revo- 
lution   against    President    Balmaceda 

IV 

HISPANIC    NOTES 

ti4 


Beltran  Mathieu 


MATHIEU  577 


and  served  as  Adjutant  to  General 
Holley  in  the  Constitutional  Army. 
He  was  afterwards  elected  to  Congress 
and  on  several  occasions  served  as  a 
member  of  the  Cabinet;  in  1901  he  was 
Minister  of  War  and  in  the  Adminis- 
tration of  President  Ram6n  Barros 
Luco,  Minister  of  Public  Works. 

Important  as  these  interests  and 
occupations  heve  been,  to  which  might 
be  added,  travel,  much  reading  and 
the  practise  of  the  law,  they  have  been 
incidental  to  his  diplomatic  career. 
He  entered  upon  diplomacy  in  his 
early  manhood,  serving  as  Secretary 
of  Legation  first  in  Washington  and 
later  in  Lima.  Some  years  later,  on 
resuming  the  career,  he  was  sent  as 
Minister  to  Ecuador,  Central  Ameri- 
ca and  Bolivia,  where  he  negotiated 
the  Treaty  of  Peace  of  1903.  Fi- 
nally, in  1918,  he  was  again  called 
to  serve  in  high  diplomatic  office,  this 
time  as  Ambassador  to  the .  United 
States,  where  he  continues. 


AND     MONOGRAPHS         I      IV 


578 


IV 


CHILEANS     OF    TO-DAY 


MANUEL  J.  BARRENECHEA 

Physician;  public  man. 

Manuel  J.  Barrenechea  Naran- 
jo,  the  son  of  Francisco  de  Paula  Ba- 
rrenechea and  Carmen  Naranjo,  was 
born  in  Santiago  in  1857.  He  received 
his  preparation  for  the  University  of 
Chile  in  the  National  Institute  and  after 
passing  the  State  examinations  for  his 
degree  of  Bachelor  in  Philosophy  and 
Letters,   entered  the  Medical  School. 

In  October,  1881,  he  received  his 
degree  in  medicine  and  surgery  and 
in  the  following  year  was  appointed 
assistant  in  the  Surgical  Clinic  of  Doc- 
tor Manuel  Barros  Borgono  and  as- 
sistant in  Doctor  Mazei's  class  in 
ophthalmia,  positions  which  he  held 
for  five  years.  In  1887  he  was  head  of 
the  medical  commission  in    the    Pro- 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


BARRENECHEA 


vince  of  Rancagua  to  combat  the  cholera 
epidemic.  He  has  made  three  journeys 
to  Europe  and  the  United  States  in 
order  to  perfect  himself  in  optical 
science.  In  pursuance  of  these  stud- 
ies he  spent  six  months  in  France  and 
two  years  in  Germany.  He  was  one  of 
the  founders  of  the  Progreso  Medico 
which  he  edited  from  1890  to  1901. 
He  has  also  been  a  contributor  to  the 
Revista  Medica. 

In  the  legislative  period  of  1915- 
1918  he  was  Deputy  for  Toco[5llla  and 
Taltal,  and  was  re-elected  at  the  close 
of  his  term  of  office.  In  this  capacity 
he  promoted  the  rehabilitation  of  the 
administrative  service,  the  reorganiza- 
tion of  public  charities,  and  an  extension  I 
of  the  sanitary  laws. 

Senor  Barrenechea  is  a  Correspond- ! 
ing   Member  of   the   Medical   Society  | 
of  La  Paz  and  of  the  Medical  and  Sur- 
gical Society  of  Guayaquil,  and  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Superior  Council  of  Hygiene 
of  Chile. 


AND     MONOGRAPHS  .      IV 


580 

CHILEANS     OF    TO-DAY 

AIJRELIANO   OYARZUN 

Physician;  anthropologist. 

AuRELiANO  Oyarzun  Navarro  was 
born  in  1860  in  the  village  of  Dalcahue, 
Department  of  Ancud.  His  parents 
were  Micaela  Navarro  and  Manual 
Oyarzun,  a  farmer  who  was  descended 
from  Ji^^nes  dei  Oyarzun  and  the  her- 
oic In^s  de  BazAn  who  played  so  famous 
a  part  in  the  defence  of  the  settlements 
of  Osorno  and  of  Castro  when  they  were 
attacked  and  destroyed  by  the  Indians 
and  the  Dutch  pirate  Baltazar  de  Cor- 
des  in  the  sixteenth  century. 

Oyarzun  learned  his  letters  in  the 
Puerto  Montt  school — a  modest  es- 
tablishment, the  only  one  in  the  town, 
but  made  noteworthy  by  an  excellent 
teacher,  Guillermo  Gallardo.  Hi.r  later 
studies  he  took  in  Ancud  at  the   Sem. 

IV 

HISPANIC     NOTES 

A  y/^<yujCcK^<^  ^ 


OYARZUN 


581 


inary  and  in  Santiago  in  the  National 
Institute.  In  1879  he  entered  the  Medi" 
cal  School  and  in  1881  received  his  di- 
ploma as  Pharmacist  with  which  he 
served  in  the  Ambulance  Corps  in  the 
War  of  the  Pacific  and  won  honorable 
mention  and  a  gold  medal. 

After  the  War  he  completed  his  med- 
ical course  and  won  his  degree  in  1885. 
During  the  epidemic  of  Cholera  in 
1886  he  was  in  chc^rge  of  the  hospitals 
in  the  Province  of  Aconcagua  and  there 
discovered  by  autopsy  and  microscope 
the  characteristic  germs  of  the  disease. 
In  the  following  year  he  went  to  Europe  I 
to  continue  his  studies  in  pathological  i 
anatomy  under  Virchow,  von  Reckling- 
hausen and  Waldeyer  in  Berlin  and 
Schwalbe  in  Strasburg.  He  worked  also 
in  the  laboratory  of  Professor  Weigert 
in  Frankfort  and  there  demonstrated 
that  the  conjunctive  tissue  in  amphi- 
bians is  derived  from  the  epithelium, 
making  his  discovery  coincidentally 
with  the  publication  by  Professor   His 


AND    MONOGRAPHS  IV 


582    i      CHILEANS     OF     TO-DAY 


of  Leipzig  of  a  like  discovery  in  the 
human  embryo. 

On  his  return  to  Chile  he  taught  the 
classes  in  General  Pathology  and  Pa- 
thological Anatomy  in  the  School  of 
Medicine  of  Santiago  and  founded 
there  the  Museum  and  the  Library  to 
inspire  among  the  students  an  interest 
in  the  practical  use  of  the  microscope 
and  in  the  study  of  pathology. 

In  1892  he  founded  the  section  of 
Bacteriology  in  the  Institute  of  Hygiene 
and  directed  it  for  several  years,  during 
which  period  he  published  many  articles 
in  the  Revista  de  Higiene  on  various 
forms  of  bacteria  and  contributed  by 
his  studies  to  bringing  about  the  in- 
spection of  slaughter-houses  and  the 
establishment  of  the  first  public  dis- 
infecting station  in  Santiago. 

In  spite  of  his  labors  in  public  and 
private  practise,  Doctor  Oyarzun  made 
other  visits  to  Europe  and  studied  there 
in  Berlin  under  Professor  von  Luschan 
and  others. 


IV  HISPANIC     NOTES 


OYARZUN 


He  was  appointed  Honorary  Director 
I  of  the  Museum  of  Kthnology  and 
Anthropology  and  publishes  the  « Re- 
vista  del  Museo  de  Etnologia  y  An- 
tropologia  de  Chile  >. 

He  has  been  Physician  of  the  San 
Vicente  Hospital  and  has  attended 
I  numerous  congresses  of  medicine,  eth- 
nology and  anthropology  both  in 
;  America  and  Europe.  In  the  Congress 
of  Americanists  held  in  Buenos  Aires 
in  1910  he  demostrated  that  the  abori- 
ginal culture  of  Chile  was  not  autoch- 
thonous, as  was  believed  by  many  Chi- 
lean ethnologists  and  historians,  but 
was  derived  from  Peru. 

He  is  a  member  of  many  learned  so- 
cieties in  Chile  and  also  of  the  Society 
of  Anthropology  of  Berlin,  of  the  So- 
ciety of  History  and  Geography  of  Rio 
de  Janeiro  and  the  Historical  Institute 
of  Lima. 

He  has  published  numerous  articles 
on  medical,  anthropological,  and  other 
subjects  and  is  the  author  of  La  edad 


AND  MONOGRAPHS 


584 


CHILEANS     OF    TO-DAY 


paleolitica  de  Taltal,  1911;  Contrihu- 
cion  al  estudio  de  la  influencia  de  la  cul- 
tura  peruana  sohre  la  de  los  aborigenes 
chilenos,  1910;  El  trinacrio;  El  sol  pin- 
tado de  Malloa,  1911;  Los  petroglifos 
de  Llaima,  1910,  etc. 


IV  HISPANIC     NOTES 


«4« 


Alfredo  Helsby. 


HELSBY     HAZELL 


585 


ALFREDO     HELSBY     HAZELL 

Painter. 

Alfredo  •  Helsby  Hazell,  one  of 
the  foremost  landscape  painters  of  Chile, 
was  born  in  Santiago  of  Anglo-Argentine 
and  English  parentage.  His  early  edu- 
cation was  directed  to  preparing  him  for 
business,  but  his  inclination  toward  art 
was  so  strong  that  he  soon  turned  to  the 
study  of  painting.  He  was  so  fortunate 
as  to  come  under  the  instruction  of  Al- 
fredo Valenzuela  who  guided  his  juvenile 
efforts  and  when  his  unusual  talent  be- 
came more  evident  he  went  to  Paris  and  i 
worked  in  the  studio  of  Jean  Paul  Lau- 
rens. Some  years  later  he  went  to  New 
York  and  studied  under  J.  J.  Enneking. 

His  work  won  early  recognition:  one 
of  his  pictures  was  hung  in  the  Salon 
of  Madrid  in  1895;  in  1900  he  won  the 


AND    MONOGRAPHS 


586 


CHILEANS    OF    T  0-D  A  Y 


IV 


gold  medal  in  Santiago;  in  1907  he  had 
a  picture  in  the  Paris  Salon  and  in  the 
same  year  exhibited  in  the  Royal  Acad- 
emy of  London;  in  1910  he  was  awarded 
a  silver  medal  in  the  Santiago  Centena- 
ry Exhibition  and  was  especially  invit- 
ed to  send  pictures  to  the  San  Francisco 
Exposition. 

Sr.  Helsby's  principal  work  has  been 
in  landscape,  especially  the  landscape 
of  Southern  Chile  whose  wooded  moun- 
tains, cloud-flecked  skies  and  turbulent 
streams  have  had  a  special  fascination 
for  him.  Among  his  favorite  subjects  are 
aspects  of  nature  such  as  dawn,  sun-set, 
the  rainbow,  spring  and  autumn  woods, 
and  among  his  well  known  canvases 
are,  Rio  Colorado^  Aurora  en  la  Pam- 
pa,  and  Monies  de  Rio  Blanco. 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


MATTA    VIAL  '     587 


ENRIQUE  MATTA  VIAL 

Public  man;  historian;  scholar. 

Enrique  Matta  Vial  was  born  in 
I  Santiago  on  the  ninth  of  September, 
j  1868.  His  fathei,  Tristan  Matta  y  Ugar- 
1  te,  was  a  distinguished  lawyer,  a  pro- 
!  minent  figure  in  the  Revolutionary  group 
i  which  opposed  President  Manuel  Montt, 
a  member  of  the  Chamber  of  Deputies, 
Governor  of  various  provinces,  and  Jus- 
;  tice  of  the  Court  of  Audit. 

While  Trist^  Matta  was  Governor 
;  of  Rancagua  his  son  began  his  studies 
i  in  the  Rancagua  Liceo;  later  he  studied 
I  for  a  time  in  the  Sacred  Heart  School 
of  Santiago;  in  1881  he  entered  the    Na- 
tional Institute,  and  at  the  age  of  twenty 
obtained  his  degree  of  Bachelor  in  Phi- 
losophy and  Letters.  He  then  entered 
the  Law  School  of  the  University  of  Chi- 


AND    MONOGRAPHS        I      IV 


CHILEANS     OF    TO-DAY 


le,  graduated  in  1889  with  the  degree 
of  Bachelor  of  Laws,  in  the  following 
year  obtained  the  degree  of  Licenciate 
in  Laws  and  soon  afterwards  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  Bar. 

He  was  a  member  of  the  «Club  del 
Progreso*  and  a  contributor  to  its  ma- 
gazine; he  also  belonged  to  the  «Ciiculo 
de  Amigos»  which  met  at  the  house  of 
Ricardo  Montanerr  Hello  and  at  its 
meetings  read  numerous  papers  on  so- 
cial sciences  and  philosophy.  During 
!  the  years  1889-1891  he  was  a  contri- 
butor to  the  liberal  organ  El  Heraldo 
and  to  La  Libertad  Electoral.  In  1896 
and  1897  he  edited  the  Revista  de  Chile, 
generally  recognised  as  the  best  litera- 
ry magazine  of  its  time.  Frorti  1900  to 
1902  he  edited  the  Revista  Nueva,  in 
which  the  Russian  writers  were  for  the 
first  time  made  known  to  the  reading 
public  of  Chile.  In  1900  he  also  began 
the  publication  of  the  important  Colec- 
cion  de  Historiadores  y  de  Documentos 
relativos  d  la   Independencia    de    Chile, 


IV  HISPANICNOTES 


MATTA    VIAL 


which  was  completed  in  1914  with  the 
appearance  of  the  twenty-  sixth  volume. 
During  the  same  period  he  undertook 
the  pubhcation  with  annotations  of  the 
Coleccion  de  Viajes  relativos  a  Chile,  This 
comprises  eleven  volumes  and  includes 
the  travels  of  John  Byion,  Vancouver, 
Lafond  De  Lurcy,  Mellet,  Hall,  Fre- 
zier,  Caldcleugh,  and  Graham.  With 
Alfredo  Barios  Errdzuriz  he  published 
in  1904  the  Comentario  de  la  Ley  de  Mu- 
nicipalidcuics  de  22  de  Diciemhre  de  1891. 
Ill  1906  he  published  the  Diario  de  Ma- 
nuelTalavera  with  critical  and  historical 
notes  and  afterwards  published  the  fa- 
mous Mamfiesto  de  Simdn  Diaz  Rdvago. 
He  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  His- 
torical and  Geographical  Society  of  Chile 
in  1910,  the  most  important  scientific 
society  of  the  country,  and  in  1911  was 
one  of  the  founders  and  the  editor  of 
the  magazine  published  under  its  aus- 
pices. In  1914  he  published  La  Re- 
volucidn  de  1891  by  the  Brazilian  writer 
Joaquin  Nabuco  and  in  1917  edited  the 


AND    MONOGRAPHS  \      IV 


590 

CHILEANS     OF    TO-DAY 

Revista  Chilena,  another  important 
literary  magazine. 

In  addition  to  his  literary  activities 
he  has  also  taken  his  place  in  public  life. 
After  holding  the  post  of  Clerk  in  the 
Treasury  Department  for  some  time, 
he  was  appointed  in  1896  assistant- 
Secretary  of  the  Interior.  He  was  later 
appointed  Governor  of  Tarapaca  and 
still  later  assistant-Secretary  of  Justice 
and  Public  Instruction.  He  held  this 
post  until  the  close  of  the  administra- 
tion of  German  Ries(^o  and  was  then 
appointed  Visitor  Schools.  In  1919  was 
called  to  fill  the  Chair  of  Constitutional 
Law  in  the  Historical  Seminary  of 
Constitutional  Law. 

Sr.  Matta  is  a  member  of  the  Chilean 
Academy,  a  Charter  Member  of  the 
Historical  and  Geographical  Society 
of  Chile,  a  member  of  the  Geographical 
Society  of  La  Paz,  and  of  the  Society 
of  International  History,  and  Academic 
Member  of  the  Faculty  of  Philosophy 
and  Letters  of  the  University  of  Chile. 

IV 

HISPANIC     NOTES 

PRADO    AMOR 

591 

JULIO    PRADO    AMOR 

Lawyer;  public  man. 

Julio  Prado  Amor,  the  son  of  Julio 
Prado  Delgado  and  Adela  Amor  Zille- 
ruelo,  was  born  on  the  twenty-sixth 
of  August,  1870,  in  Valparaiso,  but  was 
educated  in  Santiago  at  the  Seminary, 
the  National  Institute  and  the  Uni- 
versity. There  he  won  the  title  of  Pro- 
fessor of  History  in  1896  and  the  degree 
of  Licenciate  in  Law  in  1897. 

He  had  already  entered  the  public 
service  in  1891  as  Clerk  in  the  War 
Department.  Afterwards  he  held  ap- 
pointments both  in  the  field  of  educa- 
tion and  in  that  of  government:  he  was 
Professor  of  History  in  the  Miguel  Luis 
Amun^tegui  School  in  1898;  Governor 
of  Taltal  in  1901;  Governor  of  Anto- 
fagasta  in  the  same  year,  and  of  Ata- 

cama  in  1903. 

1 

AND    MONOGRAPHS 

IV 

592 

CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 

i 

i 

■ 

In  1913  he  was  elected  Alderman  of 
Santiago,    from    1915    to    1918   he  was 
Deputy   for  Vellenar,   and   in    1919   he 
served   as  Minister  of  Education. 

Senor  Prado  Amor  has  been  a  con- 
sistent   supporter    of    educational    and 
charitable  works:  he  has  served  as  the! 
secretary   of   the   Society    for    Primary 
Instruction  in  Santiago  since  1904;  since 
1912  he  has  served  on  the  Council  for 
Primary   Instruction,    and    has  been   a 
member  of  the    Council  of  Public   In- 
struction since  1918.  He  has  shown  his 
interest  in  charitable  work  by  serving 
as  one  of  the  directors  of  the  National 
Society  for  the  Protection  of  Children 
and   as  a   manager  of   the   Hipodrome 
Free  Milk  Station. 

He  holds  the  decoration  of  the  Royal 
Order  of  Isabel  the  Catholic,  bestowed 
by  the  King  of  Spain  in  recognition  of 
his  labors  in  behalf  of  Spanish  interests. 

IV 

HISPANIC     NOTES 

DIAZ     LIRA 


593 


JORGE    DIAZ    LIRA 

Journalist;  architect. 

Jorge  Diaz  Lira,  the  son  of  Wen- 
ceslao  Diaz  and  Maria  L.  Lira,  was  bom 
on  the  twenty-third  of  April,  1875,  in 
Santiago  where  also  he  was  educated 
and    has   passed    his   life. ' 

From  his  youth  he  was  drawn  to 
journalism  and  has  always  retained  a 
relation  to  the  press:  he  was  a  member 
of  the  staff  of  El  Chileno,  later  served 
on  La  Tarde,  and  more  recently  has 
been  one  of  the  editors  of  El  Diario  Ilus- 
trado.  Meanwhile  he  continued  his 
study  of  architecture  and  in  1905  was 
appointed  to  the  post  of  architect  of  the 
National  Railways  where  he  remained 
until  1909.  In  1914  he  was  made  Head 
of  the  department  of  School  Planning 
and  Decoration  where  he  has  continued 
until  now. 


AND    MONOGRAPHS 


IV 


594 


CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 


L.    IGNACIO   SILVA  A. 

Bibliographer. 

Luis  Ignacio  Silva  Arriagada,  the 
son  of  Jos6  S.  Silva  and  Amelia  Arria- 
gada, was  born  on  the  thirty-first  of 
July,  1883,  in  the  city  of  Santiago.  There 
also  he  was  educated  in  the  Liceo  Re- 
puhlicano,  in  the  San  Agustin  School 
and  by  private  teachers  until  he  won 
his  Bachelor's  degree. 

Before  he  was  twenty  he  became  a 
member  of  the  staff  of  the  Library  of 
the  National  Institute  and  in  1908  was 
appointed  Assistant-Librarian.  He  has 
continued  to  occupy  this  post  and  has 
done  much  useful  work  in  the  field  of 
bibliography  where  he  has  been  a  dis- 
ciple of  Nicolas  Anrique  and  Gabriel 
Ren6  Moreno. 

Meantime  he  has  cultivated  also  his 


IV 


HISPANIC    NOTES 


<ir 


# 


L.  Ignacio  Silva  A. 


w 


SILVA     ARRIAGADA 

595 

gift  for  journalism;  in  1906  he  was  one 
of  the  founders  and  the  editor  of  the 
Revista  Nacional,  in  the  same  year  he 
acted  as  editor  of  two  other  periodicals, 
El  Independiente  and  El  Sport.  He  has 
been  an  occasional  contributor  to  the 
Revista  de  Bibliografia  Chilena  y  Ex- 
tranjera,  Los  Anales  de  la  Universidad, 
El  Ferrocarril,  La  Mafiana,  El  Mercurio 
and  La  Naci6n. 

In  1913  he  was  appointed  Professor  of 
Library  Management  in  the  course  for 
Women  High  School  Teachers  in  the  Pe- 
dagogical Institute. 

He  is  the  author  of  the  following 
works:  Cristobal  Colon  en  Chile,  estudio 
bibliografico,  1902;  Bibliografia  histo- 
rica  y  geogrdfica  de  Chile,  1902;  La  Sar- 
gento  Candelaria,  1904;  Estudios  geo- 
grdficos  e  historicos  de  don  Francisco  Vi- 
dal  Gormdz,  1905;  La  Novela  en  Chile, 
estudio  bibliografico,  1910,  all  of  which 
were  published  in  Santiago. 

1 

AND    MONOGRAPHS 

IV 

596 


CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 


IV 


ALEJANDRO  SILVA  DE  LA  F. 

Journalist;  author, 

Alejandro  Silva  de  la  Fuente, 
the  son  of  Jose  Manuel  Silva  y  Vergara 
and  Irene  de  la  Fuente  y  Santa  Maria, 
was  born  on  the  twenty-fifth  of  February, 
1865,  in  Santiago.  There  also  he  was  edu- 
cated and  has  passed  the  greater  part  of 
his  life.  He  went  to  school  in  the  academy 
of  the  French  Fathers,  read  Law  in  the 
University  and  was  admitted  to  the  Bar 
in  1885. 

He  did  not  practise,  but  entered 
promptly  upon  his  chosen  vocation  of 
journalism:  in  1886  and  1887  he  was 
a  member  of  the  staff  of  «La  Uni6n»  of 
Valparaiso  of  which,  from  1896  to  1906 
he  was  managing-editor;  in  1906  he  was 
appointed  to  a  similar  post  on  the  «Dia- 
rio  Ilustrado»  where  he  still  continues. 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


ffl* 


^.     ^cT^j-^U^ 


SILVA     DE    LA     FUENTE 

597 

Meantime  he  has  contributed  to  va- 
rious other  periodicals   and   magazines 
and   has  written    the   following  books: 
Ventura,  and  Penas  que  matan,  novels, 
and  Don  Zorobabel  Rodriguez,  economista, 
a  biography,  Valparaiso,  1905. 

AND    MONOGRAPHS 

IV 

598 


CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 


JOAQUIN   MUNOZ    HURTADO 

Sailor;  Rear  Admiral. 

Joaquin  Munoz  Hurtado,   the  son 
of  Manuel   Munoz  Gamero   and   Irene 

!  Hurtado  Alcalde,  was  born  on  the  twen- 
ty-fourth of  May,  1859,    in    Santiago. 

I  There  also  he  had  his  early  schooling 
but  in  1870  he  entered  the  War  College 

I  to  study  for  the  Navy  and  in  1 875  enter- 
ed the  service  with  the  rank  of  Naval- 

!  Guard. 

I      In  his  long  career,    now  approaching 

I  half  a  century,  Munoz  Hurtado  has 
passed  through  the  entire  scale  of  rank 
and  seen  almost  every  variety  of  service 
which  the  navy  affords,  rising  ulti- 
mately to  the  Chief  Command  of  the 
fleet  and  in  1916  was  made  Rear  Ad- 
miral by  act  of  Congress. 

He  has  held  many  posts  of  honor:  he 


IV 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


MUNOZ     HURT  A  DO  I     599 


served  for  two  periods  of  three  years 
each  as  Head  of  the  Chilean  Naval  Com- 
mission in  London;  he  represented  his 
country  in  the  International  Railway 
Congress  of  Lisbon,  in  the  International 
Congress  of  Wireless  Telegraphy  of 
Berlin,  at  the  Centennial  of  Venezuela, 
at  the  Ratification  of  the  Treaty  of  May 
with  Argentina,  and  at  the  Inaugura- 
tion of  President  Figueroa  Alcorta  in 
Buenos  Aires.  He  has  also  vserved  as 
Secretary  of  War  and  the  Navy. 

Admiral  Munoz  Hurtado  may  wear 
the  following  decorations:  the  two  gold 
medals  for  the  campaigns  of  the  War 
of  the  Pacific  (1879-84),  the  Order  of  San 
Benito  de  Aviz,  bestowed  by  Manuel 
II  of  Portugal,  the  Order  of  the  Second 
Class  of  the  Liberator  Bolivar,  granted 
by  the  Government  of  Venezuela, 
the  Gold  Medal  of  the  Centenary  of  Ar- 
gentine, and  the  Gold  Medal  bestowed 
by  the  Chilean  Government  in  recog 
nition  of  his  thirty  years  of  service. 


AND    MONOGRAPHS 


IV 


600 


CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 


IV 


ERNESTO  GREVE 

Civil  Engineer. 

Ernesto  Greve,  the  son  of  German 
Greve  and  Ana  Schlegel,  was  born  in 
Valparaiso  in  1873,  but  was  educat- 
ed in  Santiago,  at  the  National  Insti- 
tute and  the  University,  where  he  won 
his  Bachelor's  degree  in  1891  and  his 
title  as  Civil  Engineer  in  1901. 

Sr.  Greve  has  devoted  himself  espe- 
cially to  the  field  of  Astronomy  and 
Geodesy;  he  was  for  a  tirne  Astronomer 
in  the  National  Observatory,  Professor 
of  Astronomy  in  the  National  Univer- 
sity, Chief  of  the  Section  of  Geodesy  in 
the  Surveyor's  office,  and  in  charge  of 
the  topographical  map  of  Chile;  he  has 
served  on  the  Boundary  Commission 
and  is  Geographical  Inspector  in  the 
Department  of  Public  Works. 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


GREVE 

601 

He  has  been  commissioned  on  two 
occasions  by  the  government  to  attend 
the  Congress  of  Astronomy' and  Geodesy 
in  Europe,  has  been  President  of  the 
Engineering  Society  and  has  taken  an 
active  part  in  editing  its  Annals." 

He  has  also  written  many  articles  of 
a  scientific  character  which  have 
appeared  in  the  Revista  de  Marina, 
La  Informacion,  the  official  publication 
of  the  Land  Credit  Bank,  and  other 
governmental  publications.  He  has  wri- 
tten :  Instrucciones  para  el  reconocimien- 
to  trigonometrico  destinado  a  ubicar  las 
triangulaciones  y  bases  geodesicas,  1907; 
Instrucciones  y  reglamentos  para  la  nive- 
lacion  general,  1908;  Instrucciones  para 
los  trabajos  topogrdficos,  1913;  and  Signos 
convencionales  topogrdficos  para  el  levan- 
tamiento  original  y  carta  a  la  escala  de 
1:  25  000,  Santiago,   1914. 

. 

AND     MONOGRAPHS 

IV 

602 


CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 


IV 


ALBERTO  CRUCHAGA  Y  OSSA 
Diplomat;  official. 

Alberto  Cruchaga.  y  Ossa,  the  son 
of  Alberto  Cruchaga  and  Elvira  Ossa, 
was  born  on  the  sixteenth  of  October, 
1890,  in  the  city  of  Santiago  and  there 
was  educated,  in  the  San  Ignacio  School 
and  the  University.  He  won  his  Bache- 
lor's degree  in  1906,  entered  the  Law 
School  and  in  1912,  on  presenting  his 
thesis  entitled  La  nacionalidad  y  modo 
de  adquirirla,  was  granted  his  degree 
as  Licentiate  and  admitted  to  the  Bar. 

Meantime  he  had  already  begun  his 
career  in  the  Diplomatic  service,  with 
an  appointment,  in  1908,  as  Clerk  in  the 
Ministry  of  Foreign  Affairs  where  he 
won  promotion  to  the  post  of  Chief  of 
the  Diplomatic  Division  which  he  stin 
holds. 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


CRUCHAGA     Y     OSSA     ' 

1 
603 

From  1913  to  1915  he  taught  in  the 
High  School  of  Commerce  the  subject 
of  Consular  and  Customs  Regulations 
and  in  1915  gave  the  course  on  Inter- 
!  national  Law.  In  1913  he  served  as  Sec- 
retaiy  of  the  Third  Committee cf  Juris- 
consults of  the  American  Congress  of 
Rio  dte  Janerio  and  was  commissioned 
to  eodify  International  Law  in  time  of 
peace. 

Sr.  Cruchaga  is  an  occasional  con- 
tributor to  periodicals  and  magazines, 
chiefly  on  International  Law  and  Dip- 
lomacy, and  is  the  author  of  Los  pri- 
meros  anos  del  Ministerio  de  Relaciones 
Exterior es,  Santiago,  1919. 

i 
( 

! 

1      - 

IV 

AND     MONOGRAPHS 

604 

CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 

CARLOS     BEZANILLA     SILVA 

Capitalist. 

Carlos    Bezanilla    Silva,    the   son 
of  Luis  Bezanilla  y  Luco  and  Rosario 
Silva  Vergara,  was  born  on  the  twenty- 
ninth  of  November,   1877,  in  Santiago 
and  was  educated  there  in  the  Catholic 
Seminary  and  the  Catholic  University, 
where  he  won  the  degrees  of  Bachelor 
of  Mathematics  and  Civil    Engineer. 

He  served  for  a  time  in  the  Department 
of  Industry,  Public  Works  and  Railways,, 
first  as  Clerk  and  later  as  Engineer  in 
the  Division  of  Railways  where  he  was 
employed  on  the  construction  of  brid- 
ges and  drafting  plans  for  new  lailway 
lines. 

He  resigned   this  post  for  the  more 
active  career  of  a  stock-broker,  becom- 1 
ing  a  member  and  later  the  head  of  the 
Santiago    Stock    Exchange. 

IV 

HISPANIC    NOTES 

KSTEVEZ     GAZMURI  605 


CARLOS     ESTEVEZ     GAZMURI 

Teacher;  public  official. 

Carlos  Estevez  Gazmuri,  the  son 
of  Ramon  Estevez  and  Elena  Gazmuri, 
was  born  on  the  fourth  of  December,' 
1870,  in  the  city  of  Santiago  where  he 
grew  up,  was  educated  and  has  passed 
his  hfe.  He  went  to  school  in  the  acad- 
emy of  the  Fiench  Fathers,  won  his  Ba- 
chelor's degree  and  entered  the  Uni- 
ersity  where  he  was  made  Licentiate 
in  Law  in  1892. 

He  was  admitted  to  the  Bar  in  1893, 
but  soon  turned  aside  to  the  teaching 
profession  to  which  he  has  devoted  him- 
self since  1897  when  he  became  Professor 
of  Constitutional  Law  in  the  national 
University.  Sometime  later  he  was  called 
to  the  chair  of  Public  Finance  and  Sta- 


AND     MONOGRAPHS 


VI 


606 


CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 


tistics  in  the  Catholic  University  and 
taught  in  both  for  a  number  of  years. 

In  1899  he  was  appointed  Sub-Sec- 
retary in  the  Navy  Department  and 
continued  in  that  post  until  1905  when 
he  was  made  a  member  of  the  legal  staff 
of  the  Treasury  where  he  still  continues. 

He  is  an  occasional  contributor  to  the 
press  and  is  a  member  of  the  Law  Fac- 
ulty of  the  University. 


IV 


HISPANIC    NOTES 


I 


BARROS    JARA 


607 


GUILLERMO  BARROS  JARA 


Land- owner ;  financier. 

GuiLLERMO  Barros  Jara,  the  son 
of  Demetrio  Barros  Valdes  and  Tr4n- 
sito  Jaraquemada,  was  born  in  1868 
in  Santiago  and  was  educated  in  his 
native  city,  at  the  National  Institute 
and  the  Uni\'ersity.  He  read  Law,  and 
was  admitted  to  the  Bar  in  1885. 

He  began  at  once  to  practise  his  pro- 
fession and  for  ten  years  was  associated 
with  the  distinguished  lawyer,  Enrique 
Good.  Meantime  he  had  given  atten- 
tion, in  connection  with  his  extensive 
agricultural  properties,  to  banking  and 
in  1893  became  President  of  the  Bank 
of  Melipilla. 

In  1902  he  was  appointed  Secretary 
of  the  Treasury  and  in  1904  again  called 
to  this  office.  In  1904  he  led  the  move- 


AND    MONOGRAPHS 


IV 


608 

CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 

ment  fof  a  National  Bank  and  became 
the  first  head  of  the  Banco    Nacional 
de  Chile. 

In  1912  under  the  administration  of 
his  cousin  Ramon  Barros  Luco,    he  was 
Minister  of  the  Interior  in  the  Cabinet, 
and  in  1914  was  again  appointed  to  this 
position,    since    which    period    he    has 
devoted  hirr^self  to  his  banking  and  agri- 
cultural interests. 

IV 

HISPANIC    NOTES 

w 


MOOCK  i     609 


ARMAiNDO    MOOCK 

Dramatist;  writer. 

Armando  Moock,  the  son  of  Le6n 
Moock  and  Celinda  Bousquet,  was  born 
on  the  ninth  of  January,  1894,  in  Santia- 
go and  was  educated  there  in  the  Barros 
Arana  Academy,  in  the  National  Insti- 
tute and  in  the  University.  He  won 
his  Bachelor's  degree  in  1914  and  enter- 
ed the  School  of  Architecture,  but  quit- 
ted it  after  two  years  to  devote  himself 
to  literature. 

Sr.  Moock  has  written  both  plays  and 
novels:  his  first  play,  entitled  Crisis  eco- 
7i6mica,  was  produced  before  he  was 
twenty-one  in  the  « Palace  Theatre^ 
in  Santiago;  his  second,  Isabel  Sandoval,. 
Modas,  produced  in  the  following  year, 
won  popular  success  and  has  been  pres- 
ented several  hundred   times;  later  he 


AND     MONOGRAPHS  IV 


610  CHILEANS     OF     TO-DAY 


j  wrote   El  querer  vivir,  1917;  Los  demo- 

nios,  1917 ;  Pueblecito,  1918;  Un  negocio, 
j  1918;  Los  perros,  1918;  Mundial  panto- 
Imirn,  1919     (published  in  Buenos  Aires 

the  same  year) ;  Los  siuticos,  1919;  Cuan- 

do  venga  el  amor,  1920. 
j      In  the  field  of  fiction  he  has  written 
\Pobrecitas,  Santiago,  1917;  Sol  de  amor, 
!  Buenos  Aires,    1919,   and  Aquellos  ojos 

que  fueron,  Buenos  Aires,  1920.    • 


IV 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


ROSS 

611 

1 
1 

AGUSTIN     ROSS 

Publicist;  financier. 

Agustin  Ross,  the  son  of  David  Ross, 
who  was  for  many  years  British  Consul 
in  Chile,  and  Carmen  Edwards,  was 
{)orn  in  La  Serena  in  1844.  He  had  his 
early  education  in  his  native  town  in 
the  English  School  maintained  by  Char- 
les B.  Black  and  Sim6n  Kerr,  but  for 
his  later  instruction  went  to  Edinburgh 
where  he  attended  the  Queen's  Street 
Institution. 

From  his  youth  Sr.  Ross  has  taken 
an  active  part  in  financial  affairs,  both 
as  a  practical  banker  in  the  Edwards 
Banking  House  and  as  a  student  and 
publicist.  In  1891  he  opposed  the  dic- 
tatorial policy  of  President  Balmaceda 
and  represented  Congress  in  the  Rev- 
olution as  its  Confidential  Agent  in 
London.  On  the  triumph  of  the  Congres- 

AND    MONOGRAPHS 

IV 

612 


CHILEANS     OF     TO-DAY 


IV 


sional  forces  he  was  made  Minister  of 
Chile  in  Great  Britain  and  retained 
this  post  until  1892  when  he  was  ap- 
pointed Councillor  of  State.  In  1894  he 
was  elected  Senator  for  the  Province 
of  Coquimbo  and  retained  his  seat  until 
1911,  serving  meantime  in  the  Presidency 
of  Don  Pedro  Montt  as  Secretary  of 
the  Treasury. 

He  has  written  much  upon  the  com- 
merce and  finance  of  Chile ;  his  most  no- 
table contributions  to  the  subject  being; 
El  Cambio  y  el  papel  moneda;  La  procer 
dencia  de  las  Rentas  nacionales  de  Chile , 
1887;  Memoria  sobre  las  relaciones  co- 
merciales  de  Chile  y  la  Gran  Bretana; 
Estudio  ^obre  la  reorganizacion  de  los 
Ferrocarriles  del  Esfado,  and  Historia  \ 
del  Comer cio  Colonial  de  Chile,  1894.      j 

In  addition  to  these  special  studies  | 
he  published  in  1892  his  Memoria 
sobre  los  trabajos  en  Londres  y  en  Paris 
de  la  Agenda  Confidencial  del  Gobierno 
Constitucional  de  Iquique  durante  la 
Guerra  Civil  de  189 L 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


GUZMAN     M  A  1  U  R  A  N  A 


613 


MANUEL  GUZMAN   MATURANA 

Teacher. 

Manuel  Guzman  Maturana,  the 
son  of  Pantale6n  Guzman  and  Mercedes 
Maturana,  was  born  on  the  twenty- 
ninth  of  May,  1876,  in  the  city  of  San- 
tiago where  he  was  educated  and  has 
passed  his  life.  He  went  to  school  in  the 
National  Institute,  gained  his  Bachelor's 
degree,  then  chose  teaching  for  his  life 
work  and  studied  at  the  Pedagogical 
Institute  where  he  was  granted  the  title 
of  Teacher  of  Spanish  in  1900. 

He  had  already  begun  to  teach  in 
1899,  when  he  took  a  position  in  the 
School  of  Deaf  Mutes  and  prepared 
a  volume  entitled  Metodo  para  la  ense- 
nanza  de  Sordos  Mudos.  In  1905  he  was 
appointed  Inspector  General  of  the 
Liceo  de  ApUcacidn  and  in  1908  its  vice- 


AND     MONOGRAPHS 


IV 


614 


CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 


Rector.  He  is  also  one  of  the  Board  of 
Examiners  of  the  University. 

Sr.  Guzman  Maturana  has  been  en- 
gaged since  1905  in  editing  and  pub- 
lishing a  series  of  reading  books  for  teach- 
ing Spanish  in  the  High  Schools,  and 
has  met  with  such  success  that  they  have 
been  adopted  in  Mexico,  Colombia,  Ve- 
nezuela, Paraguay  and  Ecuador.  In 
1907  he  published  his  Lecciones  de  Or- 
tograjia  and  in  1918  his  Lecciones  de 
Metrica. 

He  is  a  member  of  nearly  all  the  educ- 
ational societies  of  Chile;  he  is  a  Direc- 
tor of  the  Liga  de  Estudiantes  Pobres, 
and  President  of  the  Colonias  Escolares 
Domingo   Villalobos. 


IV 


HISPANIC    NOTES 


DELANO    FREDERICK 


JORGE   DELANO    FREDERICK 

Caricaturist. 

Jorge  Delano,  the  son  of  Alfredo 
Delano  and  Emma  Frederick  was  born 
on  the  fourth  of  December,  1895,  in 
Santiago  and  had  his  early  education 
there  in  the  National  Institute.  He  then 
entered  the  Naval  School  of  Valparaiso, 
but  his  strong  predilection  for  drawing 
and  especially  for  caricaturing  drew  him 
into  the  field  of  journalism.  | 

His  first  drawings  appeared  in  the 
magazine  Corre-Vuela  in  1908,  since 
which  date  his  sketches  and  caricatu- 
res, signed  Coke,  have  become  familiar 
in  the  magazines  and  periodicals  of  Chile.  | 
He  has  become  the  chief  draughtsman 
of  the  Zig-Zag  magazine  and  is  besides 
art  director  of  Sucesos  as  well  as  of  La 
Nacion. 


AND     MONOGRAPHS 


616  CHILEANS    OF     TO-DAY 


HERIBERTO   DUCOIXG 

Writer;  public  official. 

Heriberto  Ducoing  was  born  in 
1849  in  the  cit>^  of  Valparaiso  and  went 
to  school  there  in  the  Lyceum,  later  con- 
tinuing his  studies  in  Europe. 

On  his  return  to  Chile  he  devoted 
himself  to  the  drama  and  had  the  co- 
operation of  the  Dramatic  Club  of  Val- 
paraiso in  producing  his  plays,  the  most 
successful  of  which  weie  Por  amor  y  sin 
dinero  and  Z^s  amores  de  un  litigante. 

He  began  to  write  also  for  the  press 
and  in  1876  was  a  member  of  the  staff 
of  El  Deber  of  V^alparaiso. 

When  the  War  of  the  Pacific  broke 
out.  he  ser\-ed  as  Secretary,  Treasurer, 
and  Manager  of  the  Red  Cross  and  had 
the  distinction  to  be  the  organizer  of 
tu'o  ambulances.  After  the  War  he  was 


IV  HISPANIC     NOTES 


DUCOING  61 


made  Manager  of  the  Popular  Loan 
Bank,  Alderman  of  Vina  del  Mar,  Go- 
vernor of  the  Pro\nnce  of  Cautin  and 
in  1902,  Governor  of  Talca. 

During  recent  years  he  has  lived  in 
Valparaiso  and  in  1914  contributed  to 
El  Mercurio  a  series  of  articles  in  de- 
fence of  the  cause  of  the  Allies. 


AND    MONOGRAPHS  IV 


618 


CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 


IV 


JOAQUIN  DIAZ  GARCES 

j  Jiournalist. 

I  Joaquin  Diaz:  Garces  was  born  on 
I  the  second  of  September,  1878,  in  the 
I  city  of  Santiago  and  there  was  educated, 
in  the  Jesuit's  School  and  in  the  Uni- 
I  versity  where  he  read  Law. 

He  began  to  write  as  early  as  1 894,  con- 

,  tributing  brief  articles  and  poems  to  the 

I  press;  in  1896  he  became  a  member  of 

the  staff  of  El  Chileno;  in  1899  he  joined 

El  Mercurio  of  Valparaiso  and  in  1900, 

El  Mercurio  of  Santiago. 

Somewhat  later  he  went  to  Rome  as 
Secretary  of  Legation  and  there  pub- 
lished a  volume  entitled  Pdginas  Chilenas 
(1907)  under  the  pseudonym  Angel 
I  Pino,  which  was  the  name  he  had  used 
in  his  humorous  articles. 

In  1906  he  was  Mayor  of  Santiago, 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


Joaquin  Diaz  Garces. 


DIAZ    GARCES 

619 

and  on  resuming  his  labors  as  a  jour- 
nalist entered  on  a  period  of  fecund 
production  in  which  for  eight  years  he 
wrote  not  less  than  two  articles  each  day. 

Sr.  Diaz  Garces  has  instigated  or  sup- 
ported important  public  reforms,  for 
example  that  for  the  stability  of  the 
government  and  the  organization  of 
public  charity.  He  has  interested  him- 
self particularly  in  improving  the  condi- 
tions of  life  for  children  and  has  given 
unstinting  support  to  the  White  Cross, 
the  Red  Cross,  the  hospitals  and  pub- 
lic dispensaries.  He  was  one  of  the  Direc- 
tors of  the  School  of  Fine  Arts  and  is  now 
Honorary  Director  of  the  Museum. 

In  addition  to  his  multitudinous  con- 
tributions to  the  press  and  to  the  maga- 
zines, he  is  the  author  of  two  novels 
which  have  appeared  serially  in  the 
Pacifico  Magazine. 

i 

1 

AND    MONOGRAPHS 

IV 

620 


CHILEANS    OF    TO-DAY 


DIEGO  DUBLE  ALMEYDA 


Soldier;  teacher;  author. 


son 


Diego  Duqle  Almeyda,  the 
of  Diego  Duble  Astorga  and  Aurora  Al- 
meyda Salas  del  Castillo,  was  born  in 
1840  in  Valparaiso  where  he  went  to 
school  in  Scheel  and  Miller's  academy. 
'  In  1860  he  entered  the  army  as  Ensign 
I  of  Artillery.  Five  years  later  he  took 
part  in  the  engagement  of  Calderilla  as 
Lieutenant  and,  being  promoted  to  the 
rank  of  Captain,  became  Professor  of 
Artillery.  In  1872  he  was  made  Adjutant 
and  Professor  in  the  Military  School. 

From  1874  to  1878  he  was  Gover- 
nor of  the  Magallanes  Territory  and  in- 
troduced in  Malvinas  the  first  sheep, 
i  the  source  of  the  now  valuable  flocks 
i  of  that  district.  In  1878  he  suppressed 
a  dangerous  mutiny  of  the  prisoners  in 
the  penal  Colony  of  Magallanes. 


IV 


HISPANIC    NOTES 


21^ 


<^^ci^ 


DUBLE    ALMEYDA  >     621 


In    the    War    of    the    Pacific  (1879- 
1883)  he  played  an  active    and  not  in- 
glorious part:  he  fought  in  the  defence 
I  of  Antofagasta  against  the  »«Hu^scar» 
I  in  the  attacks  on  Pisagua  and  Junin  and 
i  in  the  battles  of  San  Francisco,  Tacna, 
Chorrillos    and    Miraflores.    In    conse-. 
quence  he  won  promotion  to  the  rank 
of  Colonel  in  1881.  He  had  part  also  in  i 
the  guerrilla  fighting  in  1883:  he  occu- 1 
pied  the  town  of  Puno  and  part  of  the  I 
shore  of  Lake  Titicaca   toward   Cuzco  ■■ 
for  ten  months  until   Bolivia  accepted 
the  terms  of  peace. 

In  1889  he  was  attached  to  the  staff 
of  the  Chilean  Legation  in  London;  in 
the  same  year  he  went  to  Germany  and 
remained  in  the  Krupp  factory  until 
1892.  In  1902  he  was  appointed  on  the 
;  commission  to  reorganize  the  army  and 
i  in  1908  he  was  given  the  rank  of  Brig- 
adier General  by  act  of  Congress. 

Gen.    Dubl6    Almeyda    has    received 
many    honors   and    decorations   among  ] 
which  are    the  Order  of  the  Crown  of' 


AND     MONOGRAPHS  IV 


^ 


622 


CHILEAN  SOF    TO-DAY 


Prussia,  the  Order  of  the  Rose  of  Brazil 
and  the  Order  of  the  Crown  of  Italy. 
Besides  these  he  posesses  the  medals 
fpr  the  campaigns  in  the  War  of  the  Pa- 
cific and  has  been  honored  twice  by  the 
Congress  of  Chile  as  Benemerito  de  la 
Patria. 

He  is  the  author  of:  Artilleria  y  Blin- 
dage, a  translation,  1888;  Tratado  de 
Artilleria,  1877;  Deberes  de  los  oficiales 
del  Estado  Mayor  y  Ayudantes  de  Cam- 
po;  Reconocimientos  militares;  Servicio 
de  campana,  Antofagasta,  1879;  Ins- 
truccion  para  el  servicio  de  los  Canones 
de  costa  de  25  c,  published  by  Krupps', 
Essen,  1891.  He  has  also  translated  the 
complete  works  of  Robert  G.  Ingersoll. 


IV 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


INDEX 


623 


INDEX 

PAGE 

Acuna,  Carlos 126 

J'Aguirre  Cerda,  Pedro 523 

!  Aldunate  Solar,  Carlos 93 

JAlegria,  Carlos 237 

Alemparte,  Arturo 143 

Alessandri  Palma,  Arturo 95 

Alfonso,  Jose  A 247 

Alfonso,  Paulino 536 

Aniengual,  Recaredo 405 

Amunategui  Reyes,  Miguel  Luis 263 

Amunategui  Solar,  Domingo 11 

Amunategui  Solar,  Gregorio 82 

Arancibia  Lazo,  Hector 159 

Arias,  Virginio 252 

Avendano,  Onofrc 122 

Bannen,   Pedro r 287  | 

Baiiados,  Guillermo  M 305 

Barbier  Williams,  Walter 173  i 

Barcelo,  Luis 453  | 

Bari,  Jose  Maria 527 

Barrencchea  Naranjo,  Enrique 130 

Barrenechea  Naranjo,  Manuel  J 578 

Barriga,  Juan  Agustln 153 


AND     MONOGRAPHS 


IV 


624 


IV 


INDEX 


PAGE 

Barrios,  Eduardo 175  I 

Barros  Borgono,  Luis 67 

Barros  Errazuriz,  Alfredo 181 

Barros  Jara,  Guillermo 607  i 

Belle  Codecido,  Emilio. 188  ! 

Bermudez  de  la  Paz,  Enrique 48  | 

Besa,  Arturo 168  | 

Bezanilla  Silva,  Carlos 604 


Bianchi,  Guillermo. .  , 
Blanco  Viel,  Ventura. 


77 

79 

Blanlot  Holley,  Anselmo 41 

Blest  Gana,  Alberto 7 

Boonen  Rivera,  Jorge 34 

Borquez  Solar,  Antonio 133 

Briones  Luco,  Ramon 552 

Bruna,  Augusto 298 

Bulnes  de  Vergara,  Lucia 195 

Bulnes,  Gonzalo 150 

Cadiz  Calvo,  Mamerto 205 

Campo  Herrera,  Maximiliano  del 566 

Cannobbio  Galdames,  Agustin 470 

Canto,  Estanislao  del 211 

Cariola,  Carlos 568 

Casas  Basterrica,  Federico 556 

Castillo  Vicuna,  Eduardo 476 

Castro  Ruiz,  Carlos 219 

Charme,  Eduardo ...... 436 

Cifuentes,  Abdon 216 


HISPANIC     NOTES 


i 


PAGE 

Claro  Lastarria,  Samuel 301 

Claro  Solar,  Luis 228 

Concha  Castillo,  Francisco  Antonio 307 

Concha,  Malaqufas 249 

Contardo,  Luis  Felipe 241 

Contreras,  Francisco. 560 

Corbalan  Melgarejo,  Ramon 222 

Cordoba,  Guillermo 550 

Correa  Bravo,  Agustin 319 

Correa  Ovalle,  Pedro 291 

Correa  Pastene,  Misael 209 

Correa,  Rafael 532 

Cruchaga  Santa  Maria,  Angel 321 

-ruchaga  Tocornal,  Miguel 548 

-ruchaga  y  Ossa,  Alberto 602 

'ruz.  Ernesto  de  la 339 


Dartnell,  Pedro  Pablo 203  ' 

Davila  Silva,  Ricardo 285  . 

Delano  Frederick,  Jorge 615 

niaz  Arrieta,  Hernan 433  j 

Dfaz  Besoafn,  Joaquin 407  j 

Diaz,  Elofsa 25 

Diaz  Garces,  Joaquin 618 

Dfaz  Lira,  Jorge 593 

Dfaz  Valderrama,  Francisco  Javier 544 

'Donoso,  Armando 540 

Dorlhiac,  Carlos 299 

Duble  Almeyda,  Diego 620 


AND     MONOGRAPHS 


IV 


626 


INDEX 


IV 


PAGE 

Duble  Urrutia,  Diego 281 

Ducoing,  Arcadio 383 

Ducoing,  Heriberto 616 

Echenique,  Joaquin 409 

Echeverria  de  Larrain,  Ines 171 

Echeverria  y  Reyes,  Anibal 179 

Edwards,  Alberto 193 

Edwards,  Agustin 230 

Eliz  Soto,  Leonardo 109 

Errazuriz,  Crescente 4 

Errazuriz  Urmeneta,  Rafael.  .  . 186 

Espejo  Ibanez,  Angel  Custodio 163 

Espejo  Varas,  Juan  N 46 

Espinosa,  Eucarpio. 161 

Espinosa,  Januario. . 145 

Estevez  Gazmuri,  Carlos 605 

Feliu,  Daniel.  .....  .' 377 

Fernandez  Vial,  Arturo 141 

Figueroa,  Emiliano 243 

Formas  de  Davila,  Emma 475 

Foster  Recabarren,  Manuel. 147 

Frontaura,  Rafael 554 

Fuenzalida  Grandon,  Alejandro 64 

Fuenzalida  Guzman,  Gilberto 289 

Gajardo  Reyes,  Ismael 266 

Gallardo  Font,  Galvarino 315 


HISPANIC    NOTES 


NDEX  i     627 


PAGE 

Gallardo  Nieto,  Galvarino Ul 

Gana,  Federico 226 

Gandarillas  Matta,  Javier 539 

Garcia  Guerrero,  Alberto 391 

Garrido  Merino,  Edgardo 572 

j  Gatica  Martinez,  Tomas 381 

Georgi,  Otto 137 

'  Godoy,  Lucila  {Gabriela  Mistral) 99 

Gomez  Carreno,  Luis. 443 

I  Gonzalez  Mendez,  Nicanor 357 

E        Goiii  y  Simpson,  Luis 412 

^    j  Greve,  Ernesto 600 

tJ  Grez  Padilla,  Eduardo 369 

^^KGuarello  Costa,  Angel 361 

^^■Guerra,  Jose  Guillermo 371 

^^■Guevara,  Tomas 348 

^■TGumucio,  Rafael  Luis 410 

Gutierrez,  Artemio 274 

Guzman,  Ernesto  A 276 

Guzman  Maturana,  Manuel 613 

Helsby  Hazell,  Alfredo 585 

Hevia  Riquelme,  Anselmo 351 

Hiibner  Bezanilla,  Jorge 103 

Huidobro,  Alamiro 519 

Huneeus  Gana,  Antonio 450 

Huneeus  Gana,  Jorge -545 

Huneeus  Gana,  Roberto 91 

Huneeus  Garcia  H.,  Alejandro 468 


AND     MONOGRAPHS 


# 


IV 


628 


INDEX 


PAGE 

Hurtado  Borne,  Rene 379 

Hurtado  Wilson,  Carlos 414 

Ibaiiez,  Maximiliano 366 

Irarrazaval  Zaiiartu,  Alfredo 329 

Isamitt,  Carlos 265 

Izquierdo  Fredes,  Luis 272 

Izquierdo,  Salvador ''....  416 

Jaramillo  Molina,  Edmundo. 327 

Jarpa,  Onofre 331 

Konig,  Abraham 156 

Labarca  Hubertson,  Amanda 258 

Labarca  Hubertson,  Guillermo 562 

Lagarrigue,  Juan  Enrique 56 

Landa,  Francisco 463 

Larrain  Alcalde,  Patricio 269 

Lastarria,  Washington 120 

Latorre,  Mariano 420 

Laval,  Ram6n  A 363 

Letelier  Espinola,  Miguel S33 

Lillo,  Baldomero 558 

Lillo  Figueroa,  Samuel  A 375 

Lira,    Alejandro 397 

Lorca,  Rafael 441 

Mac-Iver,  Enrique 447 

Mackenna,  Juan  Eduardo 337 


IV 


HISPANIC    NOTES 


INDEX 


1     629 


PAGE 

Magallanes  Moure,  Manuel 87 

Maira,  Octavio 37 

Alaluenda,  Rafael 438 

Marin  Vicuna,  Santiago 325 

Martinez  Quevedo,  Mateo 101 

Mathieu,  Beltran 576 

Matta  Vial,  Enrique 587 

Matte  de  Iniguez,  Rebeca 105 

Medina,  Jose  Toribio 16 

Molina,  Enrique 166 

MOnckeberg  Bravb,  Carlos 459 

Mondaca  Cortes,  Carlos 85 

Montaner  Bello,  Ricardo 313 

Montebruno  Lcpez,  Julio 335 

Montenegro,  Pedro  N 317 

Montt,  Jorge 402 

Moock,  Armando 609 

Muiioz  Hurtado,  Joaquin 598  | 

Navarro  Valenzuela,  Francisco 389 

Nercasseau  y  Moran,  Enrique ,  296  | 

Noguera  Opazo,  PVancisco 521  I 

\ovoa  Valdes.  Nicolas 128 


Ochagavia,  Silvestre 31^2  | 

Oliva,  Daniel 303  [ 

Orrego  Barros,  Antonio 323 

Orrego  Luco,  /Vugusto 53 

Orrego  Luco,  Luis 309  j 


AND    MONOGRAPHS 


W 


630 


INDEX 


PAGE 

Ortiz  de  Zarate,  Eliodoro. .'.' 293 

Ortiz,  Manuel  J. . : 387 

Oyarzun,  Aureliano 580 

Oyarzun,  Enrique 574 

Parra,  Sofanor - 488 

Pereira  liiiguez,  Guillermo 239 

Perez  Barahona,  Ernestina. 496 

Perez  de  Arce,  Guillermo 97 

Philippi,  Julio 385 

Pinto  Concha,  Aristides 395 

Pinto  Cruz,  Anibal 474 

Pizarro,  Bruno  Sergio 422 

Plaza  Ferrand,  Marcial 482 

Poirier,  Eduardo 546 

Porter,  Carlos  E 28 

Prado  Amor,  Julio 591 

Prado,  Pedro 59 

Puga  Borne,  Federico 493 

Quezada  Acharan,  Armando 373 

Ramirez,  Pablo 424 

Ramirez  J.,  Raul 507 

Rebolledo  Correa,  Benito ,  490 

Rio,  Alejandro  del 353 

Risopatron  Sanchez,  Luis. 117 

Rivas  Vicuiia,  Manuel. 426 

Rivera,  Guillermo 50 


IV     I  HISPANIC    NOTES 


INDEX 


631 


PAGE 

Robles,  Victor  V 457 

Rocuant,  Miguel  Luis 486 

Rodriguez  Mendoza,  Emilio 499 

Rojas  Huneeus,  Francisco Ill 

Roldan,  Alcibiades 517 

Roman,  Manuel  Antonio 534 

i  Ross,  Agustin 611 

Rosselot,  Alejandro 478 

Salas,  Dario 480 

Salas  Edwards,  Ricardo 400 

Salas  Lavaqui,  Manuel 510 

^anfuentes,  Enrique  Salvador 183 

Sanfuentes,  Juan  Luis 1 

Santa  Cruz  y  Ossa,  Elvira 455 

Santa  Maria,  Ignacio 359 

Santa  Maria,  Julio  A 399 

Santibaiiez,  Fernando 472 

Silva  Arriagada,  Luis  Ignacio 594 

Silva  Cortes,  Romualdo 191 

Silva  Cruz,  Carlos 503 

Silva  de  la  Fuente,  Alejandro 596 

Silva  Lezaeta,  Luis 461 

Silva  Palma,  Alberto 430 

Silva  Perez  Cotapos,  Carlos 484 

Silva  Renard,  Roberto 428 

Silva,  Victor  Domingo 1 14 

Silva  Vild6sola,  Carlos 278 

Solar,  Alberto  del 61 


AND     MONOGRAPHS 


IV 


632 


INDEX 


PAGE 

So^o  Barriga,  Enrique 177 

Suirez  Mujica,  Eduardo 7 197 

Slibercaseaux,  Guillermo 465 

Swinburn,  Enrique 505 

Tagle  Moreno,  Enrique .' 515 

Thayer  Ojeda,  Luis 201 

Thayer  Ojeda,  Tomas 283 

Tocornal,  Ismael 207 

Tocornal,  Juan  Enrique 525 

Tondreau  Valin,  Narciso 107 

Tonkin,  Juan .  570 

Toro,  Caspar 31 

Torres,  Diego  A 245 

Ti-ucco,  Manuel 261 

Urrejola,  Gonzalo 434 

Urirutia,  Leopoldo .' 44 

tJ'rrutia,  Temistocles 445 

Valjderrama,  Jose  Maria 113 

Vafdes  Cuevas,  Francisco  de  B 233 

Valdes  Valdes,  Ismael 71 

Valencia,  Absal6n 432 

Vaienzuela  Basterrica,  German 224 

Valenzuela  Llanos,  Alberto 564 

Vaienzuela,  Pedro  Armengol 529 

Vatenzuela  Riveros,  Regulo.  \ 543 

Vega,  Daniel  de  la 139 


#. 


4TiS  PANIC    NOTES 


INDEX 

PAGE 

Vergara,  Luis  Antonio 89 

Vial  Solar,  Javier 235 

Vicufia  Cifuentes,  Julio 73 

Villegas,  Enrique 135 

Walker,  Brigida 124 

Walker  Martinez,  Joaquin 439 

Yanez,  Eliodoro 39 

Yanez  Silva,  Nathanael 513 

Zafiartu  Prieto,  Enrique 356 

Zapata  Lillo,  Francisco 343 

Zegers,  Vicente 393 


633 


AND    MONOGRAPHS 


m 


H  I  S  PA  N  I  C 


HISPANIC    SOCIETY 


AMERICAN     SERIES 


.C.  BERKELEY  LIBRARIES 


CD3SEmS37 


OF     AMERICA 


